A critical review of fundamental principles of Ayurveda

The fundamental principle holds a strong ground in Ayurveda. Every medical stream has its own science in which its matter is developed, evolved and explained. From creation of living to issues of health, disease and its treatment these fundamental principles are the root. These can be enumerated as Tridosha, Panchamahabhuta, Prakriti, Ojas, Dhatu, Mala, Agni, Manas, Atma etc. They are most unique and original approach to the material creation and it has all scope to incorporate the modern development in the elemental physics. The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the proper equilibrium of dosa, dhatus, and mala constituent in order to preserve health in a healthy person and cure a disease in a diseased person.The presence of cognition as well as the absence of cognition is an indication of the mind. In the presence of senses with senses object and soul the man does not perceive a thing in the absence of mind that is to say that senses are unable to grasp the object in the absence of Manas. The term Ojas has been used in Ayurveda for the factor which prevents decay and degeneratioif the body and provides strength and support against a disease. Concept of Agni which incorporates all activities and factors responsible for digestion and metabolism in the living organism as known today, knowledge to these fundamental principles is a key to health and diseases .Maintenances of health depend on good and sound knowledge of these. Detail will be given in full paper. Keywords: Ayurveda, health, dosa, Agni, min

Comparing the effects of excess copper in the leaves of Brassica juncea (L. Czern) and Brassica napus (L.) seedlings: Growth inhibition, oxidative stress and photosynthetic damage

Hydroponic experiments were conducted to compare the effects of excess copper (Cu) on growth and photosynthesis in young Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We compared the effects of excess Cu on the two Brassica species at different physiological levels from antioxidant levels to photosynthetic activity. Nine-day-old plants were treated with Cu (10, 25 and 50 μM CuSO4) for 7 and 14 days. Both species took up Cu from the external solution to a similar degree but showed slight root-to-shoot translocation. Furthermore, after seven days of treatment, excess Cu significantly decreased other microelement content, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), especially in the shoots of B. napus. As a consequence, the leaves of young Brassica napus plants showed decreased concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and more intense growth inhibition; however, accumulation of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) were not detected. After 14 days of Cu exposure the reduction of Fe and Mn contents and shoot growth proved to be comparable in the two species. Moreover, a significant Cu-induced hROS accumulation was observed in both Brassica species. The diminution in pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency were more pronounced in B. napus during prolonged Cu exposure. Based on all the parameters, B. juncea appears to be more resistant to excess Cu than B. napus, rendering it a species with higher potential for phytoremediation

Comparative Evaluation of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapy and Conventional Therapy Use for Musculoskeletal Disorders Management and Its Association with Job Satisfaction among Dentists of West India

ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal problems have become a significant issue in the profession of dentistry. There are currently no recommended effective disease-preventing and modifying remedies. High prevalence rates for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists have been reported in the literature. Complementary and alternative medicine can be helpful in managing and preventing the MSDs. The purpose of this study was to determine if dentists in the western part of India are using complementary and alternative medicine therapies for MSDs, and also to find if those who use complementary and alternative medicine therapies have greater job/career satisfaction compared to conventional therapy (CT) users. Dentists of western India registered under the Dental Council of India (N=2166) were recruited for the study. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses and logistic regression. A response rate of 73% (n=1581) was obtained, of which 79% (n=1249) was suffering from MSDs. The use of complementary and alternative medicine or CT was reported by 90% (n=1124) of dentists with MSDs. Dentists using complementary and alternative medicine reported greater health (P<0.001) and carrier satisfaction (P<0.001) and were able to work as many hours they wanted (P<0.001) compared to CT users. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies may improve the quality of life and enhance job satisfaction for a dentist who suffers from MSDs

High Sensitivity C Reactive Protien (HSCRP) Levels and Correlation with Lipid Profile in Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Highly sensitive C reactive protein (HsCRP) levels a risk marker of future cardiovascular events can be elevated in patients with hypertension independent of dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE: To find if any association exists between HsCRP and Lipid levels of patients with hypertension and assess the usefulness of HsCRP as a risk stratification in predicting future coronary artery disease. Based on the results provide primary prevention strategies for patients with moderate to high risk for CAD. METHODS AND MATERIALS: HsCRP and fasting lipid profile were measured in 50 hypertensive patients with a history of HTN for more than 6 months duration, who are on antihypertensive treatment. Serum HsCRP levels were catagorised into 3 groups (3mg/L high risk). The HsCRP levels and its association with hypertension and correlation with lipid profile was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. RESULTS: In this observational study subjects with hypertension were categorized according to JNC 7 classification of hypertension. Subjects were grouped into duration of hypertension were compared with HsCRP levels and subjects categorized into 3 risk categories of 3mg/L high risk. There was significant number of patients in the moderate risk category with HsCRP levels between 1-3mg/L (p value < 0.001) but no statistical significance observed when correlated with the duration of hypertension or with the levels of Total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C. CONCLUSION: In summary, this study observed that HsCRP levels of > 1-3mg/L were elevated significantly in subjects with hypertension (p value < 0.001) irrespective of their BP levels and duration of hypertension.There was no statistical significance and correlation between levels of HsCRP with levels of LDL-C or HDL-C. HsCRP levels can be evaluated in hypertensive individuals who do not have symptomatic CAD irrespective of abnormal Lipid profile and can be provided with primary prevention to prevent future cardiovascular events

Preliminary Antiplaque Efficacy of Aloe Vera Mouthwash on 4 Day Plaque Re -Growth Model: Randomized Control Trial

Background: Due to increasing resistance to antibiotics and rising incidence of oral diseases, there is a need for alternative treatment modalities to combat oral diseases. The aim of the present study was to access the effect of Aloe vera mouthwash on the dental plaque in the experimental period of 4 days and to compare it with the bench mark control chlorhexidine and placebo (saline water).Material and Methods: A total of 300 systemically healthy subjects were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Aloe vera mouthwash group (n=100), control group (=100)–chlorhexidene group and saline water-Placebo (n=100). To begin with, Gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Then, baseline plaque scores were brought to zero by professionally cleaning the teeth with scaling and polishing. After randomization of the participants into three groups they were refrained from regular mechanical oral hygiene measures. Subjects were asked to swish with respective mouthwash (Aloe vera mouthwash, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, or normal saline) as per therapeutic  dose for 4 days.Results: The results showed that Aloe vera mouthrinse is equally effective in reducing plaque as Chlorhexidine compared to placebo over a period of 4 days. There was a significant reduction on plaque in Aloe vera and chlorhexidine groups and no statistically significant difference was observed among them (p&gt;0.05). Aloe vera mouthwash showed no side effects.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that Aloe vera may prove an effective mouthwash due to its ability in reducing dental plaque.Keywords: Mouthwash, plaque, chlorhexidin

Assessing the Different Bio-priming Methods and Knowledge Dissemination through On Farm Trial in Salem District

One of the most important pre sowing seed improvement techniques for managing biotic and abiotic challenges is seed bio-priming, which ensures uniform stand establishment under adverse conditions. "Bio-priming" seed treatment combines biological (inoculating seeds with protective organisms) and physiological (hydrating seeds) components of vigour improvement, disease management. Recently, it has been employed as an alternate technique for not only to eradicate numerous soil- and seed-borne diseases but also improves the field establishment and vigour. In the current study, an On-Farm Trial bhendi seeds were soaked with two biopriming treatments Viz., (i) 10% Pseudomonas fluorecens, (ii) 10% Trichoderma viridi, for 6 hours followed by shade drying and sown in farmers' fields during kharif, 2020. Untreated seeds served as the control. The findings showed that 10% Pseudomonas fluorescens outperformed than Trichoderma and untreated seed in terms of yield (172.5 q/ha), net return (Rs. 2,58,750/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.59), The 10% Trichoderma primed seeds, which was the next-best treatment, had high yields, net returns, and BCR values of 169.8q/ha, Rs. 2,54,700/ha, and 2.56 respectively. So, it was concluded that bioprimingof seeds with 10% Pseudomonas fluorescens for six hours increased the production of bhendi. The dissemination of extension activities like training and method demonstration increased the understanding of farmers about biopriming from 5.4 to 52.5 percent

Utišani gga-miR-142-3p u pilećem embriju: ekspresija profila XPO1.

Differential expression of gga-miR-142-3p microRNA of haemopoeitic origin during immune organ development and functional stages in chicken embryos creates new opportunities for understanding its pivotal role during embryonic developmental stages. To decipher the role of gga-miR-142-3p in-ovo knockdown was carried out with LNA modified anti-miR-gga-miR-142-3p via intravenous route at developmental and functional stages of the immune organs and other organs. Bioinformatic analysis of the genes targeted by gga-miRNA-142-3p revealed that the predicted gene XPO1 conserved binding sites at 3’UTR. The target gene XPO1 was evaluated as the validated target of gga-miR-142-3p by employing qPCR SYBR green based technology, which was evidenced by its increased expression in the tissues of gga-miR-142-3p knockdown chicken embryos. Histopathological alterations in the immune organs and visceral organs indicated that the systemic knockdown of gga-miR-124-3p led to over expression of the XPO1 gene during the embryonic stages, and changed the environment of the immune organs related to structural integrity, immune response, signal transduction and migration of B and T cells during the embryonic developmental stage in the chicken embryos. The results clearly indicated that these changes could alter the postnatal development and functions of these immune organs, and may lead to development of immuno-compromised chickens.Različita ekspresija gga-miR-142-3p mikroRNA hemopoetskog podrijetla daje nove mogućnosti razumijevanja njezine ključne uloge u embrionalnom razvoju limfnih organa i funkcionalnih zbivanja u pilećem zametku. Za otkrivanje uloge gga-miR-142-3p in ovo provedeno je utišavanje zaključanom nukleinskom kiselinom što preko anti-miR-gga-miR-142-3p preinačuje razvojne i funkcionalne sposobnosti limfnih i drugih organa. Bioinformatička analiza ciljnih gena za gga-miRNA-142-3p otkriva da gen XPO1 ima konzervirana mjesta vezanja na 3’UTR. Gen XPO1 bio je potvrđen kao cilj za gga-miR-142-3p uporabom tehnologije temeljene na qPCR SYBR zelenilu, što je bilo dokazano njegovom povećanom ekspresijom u tkivima pilećih zametaka s utišanim gga-miR-142-3p. Patohistološke promjene u imunosnim i unutarnjim organima pokazuju da sustavno utišavanje gga-miR-124-3p vodi do prevelike ekspresije gena XPO1 tijekom embrionalnog razvoja. To mijenja zadaću imunosnih organa s obzirom na strukturni integritet, imunosni odgovor, prijenos poruka te migraciju B i T limfocita tijekom razvoja pilećih zametaka. Rezultati jasno naznačuju da te promjene mogu preinačiti postnatalni razvoj i funkcije imunosnih organa te mogu dovesti do razvoja imunološki oslabljenih pilića

Power Scheduling Scheme for a Charging Facility Considering the Satisfaction of Electric Vehicle Customers

Electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming a popular choice for transportation due to their low emissions and high fuel efficiency. However, one of the major challenges in EV adoption is the lack of charging infrastructure and the potential for grid overload during peak demand. To address these challenges, we propose a power scheduling scheme for a charging facility that optimizes power utilization and enhances the user experience of the EV drivers. The scheme considers the satisfaction of vehicle users by balancing the charging demands of the vehicles with the power supply capabilities of the facility. Our results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively reduces charging time and enhances the accessibility of charging stations, thereby improving the user experience, and encouraging EV adoption. The scheme also optimizes power utilization and reduces peak demand on the grid, thus contributing to the overall sustainability of the transportation system

In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 μM) and high (50 μM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants