Toxicological evaluation and oral glucose tolerance test of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata L. in wistar albino rats

Background: To evaluate the acute toxicity study and effective dose determination of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata L. Methods: Toxicological evaluation and effective dose determination of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata were performed in wistar albino rats. 250, 500, 1000 and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata (EtBc) were administered orally as a single dose to rats. Rats were observed periodically for symptoms of toxicity and death within 24 hours and then daily for the next 14 days. So the rats were observed for another 14 days and then sacrificed to collect serum and organs for the analysis of biochemical parameters. After this study, rats were induced with diabetes by a single intra peritoneal injection of 45 mg/kg bodyweight of streptozotocin. Ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata was orally administered to diabetic rats at 200, 400 and 600mg/kg doses for 7 days through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Glycemic index was demonstrated the variable doses of ethanolic leaf extract in normal and diabetic rats during OGTT studies.Results: In acute toxicity study, the results were showed that the administration of the ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata (EtBc) at all given doses (up to 2000 mg kg) did not produce any sign of acute toxicity or instant death in rats tested during the period of observation. From OGTT study, 400mg/kg dosage of EtBc exhibited notable blood glucose lowering effect at 90 min than the other doses and this was similar to that of standard drug glibenclamide treated rats. This dosage was showed the highest percentage of glycemic index in both normal and diabetic rats.Conclusion: EtBc was revealed the non-toxic nature used for acute toxicity studies and among various doses of this extract, 400 mg/kg brought an effective hypoglycemic activity in wistar albino rats

HOT CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF NICKEL BASED SUPERALLOYS

High temperature corrosion of coated and uncoated IN738LC and uncoated CM247LC nickel based super alloys in chloride and vanadium environment were carried out. To create corrosive environment (i.e. chloride and vanadium environment) salts of required proportions of Na2SO4, NaCl and V2O5 were applied on both sides of samples and loaded into the furnace at 700°C and 900°C. The weight changes were noted and SEM analysis was done to determine the surface morphology of hot corroded samples. Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine different elements present in corroded samples of CM247LC and IN738LC in chloride and vanadium environments at 700°C and 900°C. The present study revealed that CM247LC is more susceptible to hot corrosion than IN738LC due to varying amount of chromium and tungsten which is explained by degradation mechanism. Coated IN738LC has more life span than that of other samples

Can Strategic Risk Management Contribute to Enterprise Risk Management? A Strategic Management Perspective

Within the discipline of enterprise risk management (ERM), strategic risk management (SRM) has become a subject of increasing interest to practitioners and academics. To our knowledge, the term “strategic risk management” first appeared in the management literature in 1985 and 1986 (Jammine, 1985; Figenbaum & Thomas, 1986) and in the academic finance literature in 1990 (Rawls and Smithson, 1990), although early usage of the term did not clearly relate to later conceptions. The phrase has been in use even longer than ERM (Bromiley, McShane, Nair, and Rustambekov, 2014). Even with this longevity, the meaning of the term remains unclear, with confusion increasing with the advent of ERM. For example, does SRM mean the management of a specific category of risks known as “strategic risks” (AICPCU, 2013) or does SRM mean strategic actions/responses taken to mitigate major uncertainties facing the enterprise? Can any type of risk potentially become a strategic risk, or are only certain types of risk strategic? Is SRM a separate type of risk management or a subset of ERM

Impact of Hatha Yoga Sadhana and Natya Yoga Training on Forced Expiratory Volume Among Men and Women

The purpose of the study was to find out the Impact of Hatha Yoga Sadhana and Natya Yoga Training on Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) among Men and Women. The findings of the study were exploring the status of Hatha Yoga Sadhana and Natya Yoga Training among Men and Women. The findings of the study will be helpful for further research studies, also helpful for Men and Women. For the study, 60 members of Men and Women selected form Chennai, at Vethathiri Maharishi College of Yoga, between the age group of 20 to 28 years, and they were randomized 15 members in each group. FEV1 was measured by Digital spirometer, pre and post were conducted before and after training. Subjects were divided into three group as such in Group-I acted as Control Group, Group-II acted as Hatha Yoga Sadhana, and Group-III were undergone into Natya Yoga Training. Data were collected and scored and analysed in to’ t’test and ANACOVA. The results revealed that there was significant difference in men and women, as well as there was significant difference when compared in to control group. And also there was significant difference when comparing Hatha Yoga Sadhana and Natya Yoga Training groups

Direct senstivity test for isoniazid.

IT is well known that the results of isoniazid sensitivity tests by the indirect method have prognostic significance in the treatment of tuberculosis with regimens containing isoniazid (Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, 1960 ; Devadatta et al., 1961) ; the indirect method is, however, complex and time-consuming, and therefore not feasible in institutions with limited facilities. Direct sensitivity tests are attractive because they involve only one stage of handling (i.e. cultures need not be set up), are simpler and less expensive, and consume less time. Although the direct sensitivity test introduced by Middlebrook and co-workers (Middlebrook and Cohn, 1958 ; Russell and Middlebrook, 1961) using 7H10 agar medium yielded satisfactory results, it has certain disadvantages. Thus, the medium employed is expensive, the in are not readily available in this country and, in our experience at Madras, losses due to contamination can be considerable. This paper describes a direct sensitivity test for isoniaid using Lowenstein- Jensen medium, and compares the findings obtained by this method with those obtained by the indirect method

Effect of storage for three months at different temperatures on the sensitivity to streptomycin and isoniazid of cultures of tubercle bacilli

MAINTENANCE of bacterial strains by repeated subcultivation is both expensive, laborious and time-consuming ; moreover, there is always the possibility of contamination or of differential selection of sub-strains with specific properties. In consequence, several methods, such as freeze-drying or storage at low temperatures, have been introduced by which bacterial cultures can be kept alive for long periods with their reproductive and metabolic activity at an extremely low level. However, information is rather sparse on such methods for the storage of tubercle bacilli. For instance, Corper and Gauss (1923) found that tubercle bacilli remained viable in Petroff's egg medium or glycerol agar after storage in the incubator or refrigerator for 4 to 8 months. Later workers (Heckly, 1950 ; Stern and Tompsett, 1951 ; Jones, 1957 ; Tsukamura, 1965) suggested preservation of cultures by freezing them in various diluents. More recently, Tarshis (1961) compared storage of cultures in various diluents at –20°C. and concluded that, with minor exceptions, most types of mycobacteria (including tubercle bacilli) can be stored for at least 3 years without any major change in their viability or drug resistance. However, these procedures are time-consuming, expensive and require special equipment and are? therefore, not very practicable in developing countries with limited resources

Analysis and Optimization of Machining Process Parameters Using Design of Experiments

In any machining process, apart from obtaining the accurate dimensions, achieving a good surface quality and maximized metal removal are also of utmost importance. A machining process involves many process parameters which directly or indirectly influence the surface roughness and metal removal rate of the product in common. Surface roughness and metal removal in turning process are varied due to various parameters of which feed, speed, depth of cut are important ones. A precise knowledge of these optimum parameters would facilitate reduce the machining costs and improve product quality. Extensive study has been conducted in the past to optimize the process parameters in any machining process to have the best product. Current investigation on turning process is a Response Surface Methodology applied on the most effective process parameters i.e. feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while machining Aluminium alloy and resin as the two types of work pieces with HSS cutting tool. The main effects (independent parameters), quadratic effects (square of the independent variables), and interaction effects of the variables have been considered separately to build best subset of the model. Three levels of the feed, three levels of speed, three values of the depth of cut, two different types of work materials have been used to generate a total 20 readings in a single set. After having the data from the experiments, the performance measures surface roughness (Ra) of the test samples was taken on a profilometer and MRR is calculated using the existing formulae. To analyze the data set, statistical tool DESIGN EXPERT-8 (Software) has been used to reduce the manipulation and help to arrive at proper improvement plan of the Manufacturing process & Techniques. Hypothesis testing was also done to check the goodness of fit of the data. A comparison between the observed and predicted data was made, which shows a close relationship. Key words: Surface Roughness and Metal Removal Rate, Turning, Response Surface    Methodology, Aluminium Alloy, Resin.

Direct Test for Determining Sensitivity of M. Tuberculosis To Streptomycin

For a total of 400 sputum specimens, the sensitivity of M. tuberculosis to streptomycin was determined by direct inoculation of the sputum sediment on to drug-free and drugcontaining slopes of Lowenstein-Jensen medium, and also by a standard indirect test. Agreement between the two methods in the classification of strains as sensitive or resistant was of the order of 90%. The optimal time for reading the direct test is 6 weeks

Report on a stranded sea cow, Dugong dugon in the Gulf of Mannar coast

On 31 March 2019, an adult dead female sea cow (Dugong dugon) measuring more than three meters of total length got stranded along the Gulf of Mannar coast at Gandhi Nagar, Mandapam, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu (09º 27' 6658'' N; 79º 15' 0459'' E). The morphometric details of the female whale that was weighing approximately 350 kg is given in Table 1. The specimen had relatively robust body with loss of almost one third of the ventral skin along with blubber from the thoracic and abdominal region of the body. There were significant cut wounds present on the dorsal as well as lateral sides of the body. The internal organs did not reveal any significant abnormalities for the cause of death. Based on the body condition and external injuries it can be concluded that the cause of death might be due to attempted hunting. Dugongs fall in schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act whose hunting is banned and poachers are liable for punishment