: Flex-Mediation

International audienceComprendre les médiations entre productions variables et utilisations évolutives de l'électricité. Présentation du projet de recherche en sciences humaines et sociales 2023-2028 en 5 axes : - Nouveaux arrangements organisationnels entre production et consommation et leur mode de valorisation des ressources- Influence des modes d’émergence et de fonctionnement des communautés énergétiques sur le juste partage des coûts et bénéfices- Influence des intermédiaires sur la perception de la variabilité des ENR et les pratiques des consommateurs- Conception des politiques publiques et de la régulation relative à la flexibilité : nouvelles formes de services (fournisseurs, agrégateurs, communautés) et intégration dans les mécanismes de marchés, comparaison internationale- Traduction légale de la flexibilité et questions de justice énergétique : comparaison européenne, analyse contractuelle multi-échelles, innovations en droits spécifiques pour les acteurs concerné

: Flex-Mediation

International audienceComprendre les médiations entre productions variables et utilisations évolutives de l'électricité. Présentation du projet de recherche en sciences humaines et sociales 2023-2028 en 5 axes : - Nouveaux arrangements organisationnels entre production et consommation et leur mode de valorisation des ressources- Influence des modes d’émergence et de fonctionnement des communautés énergétiques sur le juste partage des coûts et bénéfices- Influence des intermédiaires sur la perception de la variabilité des ENR et les pratiques des consommateurs- Conception des politiques publiques et de la régulation relative à la flexibilité : nouvelles formes de services (fournisseurs, agrégateurs, communautés) et intégration dans les mécanismes de marchés, comparaison internationale- Traduction légale de la flexibilité et questions de justice énergétique : comparaison européenne, analyse contractuelle multi-échelles, innovations en droits spécifiques pour les acteurs concerné

: Flex-Mediation

International audienceComprendre les médiations entre productions variables et utilisations évolutives de l'électricité. Présentation du projet de recherche en sciences humaines et sociales 2023-2028 en 5 axes : - Nouveaux arrangements organisationnels entre production et consommation et leur mode de valorisation des ressources- Influence des modes d’émergence et de fonctionnement des communautés énergétiques sur le juste partage des coûts et bénéfices- Influence des intermédiaires sur la perception de la variabilité des ENR et les pratiques des consommateurs- Conception des politiques publiques et de la régulation relative à la flexibilité : nouvelles formes de services (fournisseurs, agrégateurs, communautés) et intégration dans les mécanismes de marchés, comparaison internationale- Traduction légale de la flexibilité et questions de justice énergétique : comparaison européenne, analyse contractuelle multi-échelles, innovations en droits spécifiques pour les acteurs concerné

: Flex-Mediation

International audienceComprendre les médiations entre productions variables et utilisations évolutives de l'électricité. Présentation du projet de recherche en sciences humaines et sociales 2023-2028 en 5 axes : - Nouveaux arrangements organisationnels entre production et consommation et leur mode de valorisation des ressources- Influence des modes d’émergence et de fonctionnement des communautés énergétiques sur le juste partage des coûts et bénéfices- Influence des intermédiaires sur la perception de la variabilité des ENR et les pratiques des consommateurs- Conception des politiques publiques et de la régulation relative à la flexibilité : nouvelles formes de services (fournisseurs, agrégateurs, communautés) et intégration dans les mécanismes de marchés, comparaison internationale- Traduction légale de la flexibilité et questions de justice énergétique : comparaison européenne, analyse contractuelle multi-échelles, innovations en droits spécifiques pour les acteurs concerné

A Preclinical Validation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Treatment of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease

International audienceFistulizing anoperineal lesions are severe complications of Crohn’s disease (CD) that affect quality of life with a long-term risk of anal sphincter destruction, incontinence, permanent stoma, and anal cancer. Despite several surgical procedures, they relapse in about two-thirds of patients, mandating innovative treatments. Ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) have been described to achieve in vivo rapid healing of deep wounds in the skin and liver of rats thanks to their nanobridging capability that could be adapted to fistula treatment. Our main purpose was to highlight preclinical data with USPIO for the treatment of perianal fistulizing CD. Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats with severe 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced proctitis were operated to generate two perianal fistulas per rat. At day 35, two inflammatory fistulas were obtained per rat and perineal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. After a baseline MRI, a fistula tract was randomly drawn and topically treated either with saline or with USPIO for 1 min (n = 17 for each). The rats underwent a perineal MRI on postoperative days (POD) 1, 4, and 7 and were sacrificed for pathological examination. The primary outcome was the filling or closure of the fistula tract, including the external or internal openings. USPIO treatment allowed the closure and/or filling of all the treated fistulas from its application until POD 7 in comparison with the control fistulas (23%). The treatment with USPIO was safe, permanently closed the fistula along its entire length, including internal and external orifices, and paved new avenues for the treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease

Du folklore à l'ethnologie

Le passage des études de folklore à l'ethnologie en France s'est fait dans la période troublée qui va du Front populaire à la Libération. Le folklore scientifique se construit de manière ambivalente, dans le cadre d'une politique culturelle qui fait la part belle aux traditions régionales : à la fois ouverte sur la modernité, et fascinée par un passé volontiers idéalisé. Avec l'avènement du régime de Vichy, le folklore devient l'instrument de la politique culturelle du maréchal Pétain et de sa Révolution nationale. Mais, en même temps, de vastes enquêtes scientifiques, extensives et collectives voient le jour. Cet ouvrage, qui fait suite à un colloque international tenu en 2003 au musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires (MNATP), apporte une réponse collective à des questions restées longtemps Houes, voire taboues : comment apprécier les activités du MNATP, créé en 1937, et celles de son directeur, Georges Henri Rivière, sous le régime de Vichy ? Quelles continuités, quelles ruptures apparaissent entre la période du Front populaire et Vichy ? Jusqu'où les folkloristes se sont-ils compromis ? Une nouvelle discipline était-elle déjà en germe ou le folklorisme sombrait-il totalement dans l'exaltation passéiste du inonde paysan ? Ce regard en arrière s'avère nécessaire à l'heure où l'ethnologie s'affranchit des barrières nationales - et alors qu'un nouveau musée, le musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM), vient remplacer le MNATP

Long-term neurological symptoms after acute COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization in adult patients: insights from the ISARIC-COVID-19 follow-up study

in this study we aimed to characterize the type and prevalence of neurological symptoms related to neurological long-COVID-19 from a large international multicenter cohort of adults after discharge from hospital for acute COVID-19

Paediatric COVID-19 mortality: a database analysis of the impact of health resource disparity

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric populations varied between high-income countries (HICs) versus low-income to middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to investigate differences in paediatric clinical outcomes and identify factors contributing to disparity between countries.Methods The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 database was queried to include children under 19 years of age admitted to hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Univariate and multivariable analysis of contributing factors for mortality were assessed by country group (HICs vs LMICs) as defined by the World Bank criteria.Results A total of 12 860 children (3819 from 21 HICs and 9041 from 15 LMICs) participated in this study. Of these, 8961 were laboratory-confirmed and 3899 suspected COVID-19 cases. About 52% of LMICs children were black, and more than 40% were infants and adolescent. Overall in-hospital mortality rate (95% CI) was 3.3% [=(3.0% to 3.6%), higher in LMICs than HICs (4.0% (3.6% to 4.4%) and 1.7% (1.3% to 2.1%), respectively). There were significant differences between country income groups in intervention profile, with higher use of antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, prone positioning, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in HICs. Out of the 439 mechanically ventilated children, mortality occurred in 106 (24.1%) subjects, which was higher in LMICs than HICs (89 (43.6%) vs 17 (7.2%) respectively). Pre-existing infectious comorbidities (tuberculosis and HIV) and some complications (bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocarditis) were significantly higher in LMICs compared with HICs. On multivariable analysis, LMIC as country income group was associated with increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR 4.73 (3.16 to 7.10)).Conclusion Mortality and morbidities were higher in LMICs than HICs, and it may be attributable to differences in patient demographics, complications and access to supportive and treatment modalities

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

International audienceBackground: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support.Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]).Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable