Alien Registration- Desrosier, Camille (Augusta, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18448/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Desrosier, Augustus (Andover, Oxford County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/12573/thumbnail.jp

Tribal Water Rights Settlements and Instream Flow Protection

Native American Tribes have been fighting for access, legal recognition, and the control over their water rights for more than a century. Today less than ten percent of the 566 federally recognized Tribes have had their rights legally defined and secured under the law. One particularly complicated and compelling aspect of tribal reserved water rights involves the protection of water instream. Since the McCarran Amendment and state court quantification of Winters reserved rights, Tribes have sought to quantify and protect reserved water rights through negotiated settlement agreements. Although the settlements seek to bring certainty, resolution, and final integration of reserved water rights into contemporary western water law, the results for instream flow protection are far from clear. This thesis examined the legal provisions that quantify, describe, and limit tribal reserved water rights within the 30 federally recognized tribal reserved water rights settlements to assess the extent of tribal authority to protect instream flows. Five broad themes and issues emerged from an analysis of the settlements: (1), most of the settlements have not asserted aboriginal instream flow rights nor defined instream flows, (2) there are significant restrictions imposed on Tribal authority to change Winters reserved rights water rights to non-consumptive uses, (3) there are direct and indirect limitations on tribal authority to enforce instream flow protections in many of the settlements, (4) opportunities to market or lease water for non-consumptive uses off-reservation are severely constrained and largely undeveloped, and (5) the majority of the settlements do not fully clarify jurisdictional responsibilities needed to protect instream flows. The extractive and utilitarian legacy of the prior appropriation system has resulted in the de facto prioritization of consumptive uses in western state water law. This context has carried over to influence tribal reserved water rights settlements and will frustrate the extent many tribes will be able to protect non-consumptive uses of water. Settlements that broadly define the tribe’s use of their quantified water right, reserve explicit authority to protect instream flows, address groundwater regulation, and clarify jurisdictional responsibilities between the tribe and the state stand to avoid future ambiguity and conflict over instream flow protection. Future settlements should not only recognize tribal authority to utilize reserved rights for protecting instream flows of water, but also more broadly reflect the governmental role that tribal nations are due as sovereign water managers

Traditional Ecological Philosophy

A collection of creative essays that span a range of topics centered on Indigenous environmental wisdom

ENHANCEMENT OF SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN AFRICA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE AND INVESTMENT EFFECTS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ECONOMIC GROWTH

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공),2019. 8. 안덕근.This dissertation examines the effect of the so-called South-South cooperation on the Sub- Saharan Africa economic development. Against the backdrop of underdevelopment and economic stagnation, the enhancement of cooperation between developing countries is imperative as it redresses the manifold problems associated with the traditional North to South development framework. Previous researches have duly emphasized the key role of Trade and Foreign investment on economic growth of SSA which has been shown to be positive. Therefore, this research endeavors to evaluate this positive impact of this form of cooperation with particular reference to certain developing countries. Therefore, regard will be had to the respective countries domestic policies such as domestic investment, inflation rate, government consumption, while taking into account the domestic level of Human capital as well. The per capita GDP growth is used in the study as proxy of the economic growth of forty-two SSA countries over 22 years, from 1995 to 2016. As assumed in the hypothesis, this study does indeed find that there is a significant impact of the South-South trade and FDI on the economic growth. However, to some extent, the results emphasize the negative role of Trade. Such results are consistent with the weaknesses inherent in SSA countries. This is especially true because of their poor economic governance, which means high inflation rate and heavy debts associated with government expenditure as well as a crippling balance of payment deficit. However, inasmuch as there is a negative correlation of the South-South trade, which mainly stems from the less voluminous trade obtaining within the region, the balance of trade deficit has somewhat been reduced as a consequence of the rise in exports. On the other hand, FDI appears to boost not only the economic growth but the effect of other economic variables as well. It does so by increasing the domestic stock of capital in addition to the trade gains through a spill-over effect. However, the projections of southern flows in the region tend to remain small compared to others regions which may limit the expectations for further growth of the region. In the final analysis, this study posits the triangular cooperation as an alternative to the other forms of cooperation discussed above as it ensures a sustainable development while tackling the lack of finance characterizing the developing economies.본 논문은 소위 사하라 이남 아프리카 경제 개발에 대한 남남 협력의 효과를 조사한다. 이 지역에 세계에서 가장 가난한 국가들이 위치해 개발 도상국 간의 협력 증진이 대륙의 핵심 개발 전략 중 하나로서 전통적인 남북 개발 틀과 관련된 약점을 균형 잡기 위해 언급되어 왔다. 과거의 연구들은 무역과 외국인 투자가 경제 성장에 미치는 주요 역할을 강조했기 때문에 개발 도상국 간의 무역과 외국인 투자가 해당 지역의 경제에 미치는 긍정적 인 효과를 평가하고자 한다. 투자, 물가 상승률, 정부 소비 및 인적 자본의 국내 수준을 고려하여 그 효과를 증대시킨다. 1 인당 GDP 증가율은 1995 년부터 2016 년까지 22 년간 사하라 이남 아프리카에 위치해 있는 22 개 국가의 경제 성장을 연구에서 검토하였다. 본 연구를 통한 분석 및 평과 결과, 연구의 가설에 제시된 바와 같이 남남 무역과 직접투자가 경제 성장 또는 우리의 표본에 미치는 중대한 영향에 일관성이 있었다. 결과는 또한 다른 개발 도상국가들이 제공 한 직접투자와는 달리 무역의 부정적 역할을 보여줬다. 이러한 결과는 사하라 이남 아프리카 국가들의 고유한 취약성, 특히 정부 지출의 심각한 수준으로 인해 물가 상승률이 높고 부채 규모가 상당하여 경제 관리가 취약하다는 점이 해당 국가들에서 동일하게 보여진다. 반면에 대부분의 저개발국가들은 수십 년 동안 저축 적자 구조에 의해 제약을 받고 있다. 따라서 주로 개발 도상국 간의 무역량은 해당 국가들의 경제에 제한적인 영향을 미친다. 수출 증가의 결과로 무역 적자의 일부만 줄이는 정도의 기여만 하고 있다. 반면에 직접투자는 경제 성장뿐만 아니라 다른 경제 변수의 영향을 뒷받침하는 것으로 보이는데, 이는 낙수효과를 통한 무역 이익 외에 국내 자본의 축적을 증가시킴으로써 나타난다. 그러나 남반구 협력 체제 하에서 이 지역의 남남협력의 전망은 다른 지역에 비해 규모가 작은 경향이 있어 지역의 추가 성장에 대한 기대를 제한적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 결론적으로 개발 도상국을 특징 짓는 재정 부족에 대처하면서 지속 가능한 발전을 보장하기 위해 남남 협력과 남북 협력의 약점을 대체 할 삼각형 협력을 제시한다.Table of Contents ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCTION 8 CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 10 1.1) Background of the study 10 1.2) Statement of the problem 13 1.3) Objective of the study 14 1.4) Research question 14 1.5) Significance of the study 15 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1) Definition of key terms 16 2.3) Review of empirical studies 19 2.3.1) Economic development in SSA 19 2.3.1.2) The key role of trade in SSA development: A study of Trade and economic growth in developing countries from Pam Zahonogo 19 2.3.1.3) An analysis of the impact of trade on the Economic growth of Ghana 20 2.3.2) Effects of South-South trade 22 2.4) Theoretical foundation of the economic growth 26 2.4.1) Trade based growth theories 26 2.5) The effect of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth 33 2.5.1) The role of FDI on economic growth 33 2.5.2 ) Theories of Impact of FDI on economic growth 34 2.5.3) Evidences about the determinants of FDI 36 2.5.4) The impact of South-South FDI 38 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW OF SUBSAHARAN AFRICA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 41 3.1) Generalities 41 3.2.2) Snapshot of the rise of South-South trade in Sub-Saharan Africa 45 3.3) Overview of the Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa 48 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY AND DATA 52 4.1) Introduction 52 4.2) Research Design 52 4.3) Data collection 53 4.4) Data and variables 54 4.4.1) Dependent variable 54 4.4.2) Independent variables 54 4.4.3) Other independent variables: interaction variables 55 4.5) Method of data analysis 56 4.5.1) Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)/ Three Stages Least Squares (TSLS) 56 CHAPTER FIVE: EMPIRICAL RESULTS, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS 58 5.1) Introduction 58 5.2) Descriptive statistics 58 5.3) Correlation Matrix Results 63 5.4) Empirical results of the impact on the economic growth 65 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76 6.1) Summary of Empirical Findings 77 6.2) Implications of Empirical Findings 79 6.3) Recommendations 80 6.4) Conclusion 81Maste

The Evolution of \u27Homo\u27-nity: An A to Z from Erectus to Sapiens

Androids and humans have lived alongside each other for a couple of centuries. However, in the 27th century, the United States began planning a contingency plan in case the androids decided to usurp the humans’ rightful place at the top of the food chain. Annie, a student in college, learned one day that what her government had taught her may not be the whole truth—it may not even be the best course of action. Determined to find a way to right that wrong, she enlisted the help of two professors to travel with her throughout time in order to save her country—and species—from early destruction. As the book moves along, it is important to think about the groups of people who are often cast aside by governments and people in power—people considered “disposable” and “unworthy”. This book argues that diversity and variation is the strongest aspect of what makes humans, well, human. The diversity is what creates humanity, and if the world continues to deem certain groups disposable, humans will lose that humanity. Creating a community that is connected through variation rather than uniformity is the best way to ensure innovation and improve the modern-day human experience. There may be a day humans go extinct, but it should not be due to a government’s desire to produce the best people

A Next, Big Step for the West (Part II): Model Water-Climate Enabling Legislation with Commentary

This model legislation is the culmination of an earlier work, A Next, Big Step for the West: Using Model Legislation to Create a Water- Climate Element in Local Comprehensive Plans.\u27 That articleargues that local governments, as the primary regulators of land use and population planning, are integral to our climate and drought response in the West. That article then calls for a new, freestanding waterclimate element in local government comprehensive plans that integrates the often disparate realms of land use, water use, and climate planning and better prepares communities for managing water in wise, resilient, and collaborative ways. 2 This approach offers the possibility of uniform water-climate planning across local jurisdictions and watersheds and pushes us to think beyond the short-term, assured supply paradigm that limits our current thinking.3 This approach also provides a tangible response to the emerging consensus that local-level initiatives may be the most essential path to confronting the climate challenges of our time.4 Inspired by the model land use enabling legislation that swept our nation in the 1920s, the earlier article generally outlines the content for new model enabling legislation that the state legislatures of today can adopt.5 What follows below is the specific language of that model legislation, patterned after its 1920s predecessors, with annotations and supporting commentary.

Promotion of Community Wellness Through Language Activism & Revitalization: A Student Perspective

Sacred Roots Language Society (SRLS) is a student led organization which believes in the importance of establishing one’s identity through language and organizes community based activities to bring awareness to the endangered status of Montana's indigenous languages. Through our collaborations with the Missoula community, we have been able to establish a space within the university setting that provides Native students the opportunity to represent and advocate for their languages. Language activism at the college level provides a unique opportunity for students’ personal development, as this can be many students’ first time away from home, and is a critical stage in the development of one’s identity. Our society’s membership varies from local immersion school graduates, to linguistic majors, language speakers, future teachers, and those simply interested in indigenous language. It is a key focus of ours to represent the 11 different indigenous languages of Montana by providing a supportive community committed to representing this diversity both on and off campus. Since our creation in January of 2015, SRLS has fundraised and organized several local community events in addition to online advocacy. The first project undertaken by our society was a Valentine’s Day video featuring the phrase “I love you” in 10 different indigenous languages, with nearly 8,000 views, it was featured on the popular site UpWorthy. Our two larger annual events include a 5k “Save Our Languages” fun run (runners ranged from grade school aged youth to elders) and a community oriented language and culture conference. At the conference, students and community members alike had the opportunity to network with others to share ideas on how each tribe was approaching language revitalization within their communities. Our efforts of working together with other student groups, local tribal communities, and several indigenous non-profit organizations have strengthened relationships which have lead language revitalization efforts to prosper and, ultimately, a greater exchange of knowledge between our communities. We look forward to sharing our model for community involvement, language advocacy, and language revitalization as an example of how students across the nation can shape, support, and strategize their language revitalization efforts

A Next, Big Step for the West (Part II): Model Water-Climate Enabling Legislation with Commentary

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