Le sport comme vecteur de résilience : perspectives des adolescents sur leur développement psychosocial à la suite d'un défi d'entraînement en course à pied

L’adolescence est une période qui comporte son lot de défis et pendant laquelle les facteurs de risque se complexifient et se multiplient (Watson et al., 2003). Il apparait donc important de prévenir les risques associés à cette période en identifiant les facteurs qui facilitent la résilience des adolescents et la manière dont ils agissent. Étant donné les liens existants entre la pratique d'un sport et la résilience (Cohu, 2005; Hall, 2011; Johnson, 2015), les programmes d'intervention psychosociale basés sur le sport semblent une avenue prometteuse, toutefois peu de recherches identifient les mécanismes par lesquels les bienfaits s’opèrent. La visée de la présente étude est donc de comprendre comment une intervention psychosociale basée sur le sport permet de favoriser la résilience. Ainsi, 15 adolescents ayant pris part à un programme d’intervention par le sport, à savoir le Grand Défi Pierre Lavoie ou Étudiants dans la course, ont été rencontrés par l’équipe de recherche. Les données recueillies à partir d’entretiens semi-structurés réalisés auprès de ces adolescents ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode des catégories conceptualisantes et d’une grille de codage. Les résultats illustrent que ces initiatives basées sur le sport peuvent faciliter la résilience de ceux qui y participent. Plusieurs aspects des modèles conceptuels de la résilience (modèle du défi, modèle médiateur, modèle modérateur) ont été observés dans les propos des adolescents. Il en ressort, notamment, l’importance que de tels programmes d’intervention proposent des défis adaptés au niveau des participants en termes de difficulté. La pertinence que les participants aient accès à différents types de soutien (p. ex., affectif, technique, matériel, physique) est également démontrée, ces derniers ne semblant pas contribuer aux mêmes mécanismes (p. ex., humeur et motivation, sentiment de compétence, persévérance)

Assessment of Multiple Dimensions of Psychological Well-Being in Swiss Youth Born with a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

This study examines the psychological well-being of Swiss youths born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), in a multi-dimensional and clinical perspective. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires completed by youths born with UCLP, followed at a specialized cleft clinic in Switzerland, and by peers without UCLP, recruited in schools of the Vaud county, Switzerland. Youths aged 7.5 to 16, born with UCLP (clinical group, n = 41, 29.2% female) or without UCLP (control group, n = 56, 49.0% female). Adverse life events (ALE; Adverse Life Events), behavioral and emotional symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic Checklist Scale), bodily self-esteem (Body Esteem Scale), quality of life (Kidscreen-27), emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), social support (Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire). Most outcomes showed no significant group-difference. Compared to matched peers, youths with UCLP reported lower psychological quality of life and social support satisfaction, along with positive factors of fewer ALE and lower non-adaptive emotion regulation. In youths with UCLP, higher scores for ALE were associated with higher total scores for behavioral and emotional symptoms. Higher scores for bodily self-esteem were associated with higher scores for satisfaction of social support and adaptive emotion regulation. Youths with UCLP show globally similar psychological well-being as matched peers. We observed some vulnerabilities but also protective factors, which support the need for psychological perspective within multidisciplinary care. The relationships between dimensions suggest specific targets that may have an impact in context of intervention

Participation citoyenne et intervention communautaire : la Commission populaire pour la sauvegarde des maisons de chambres

La participation civique est présentée aujourd’hui comme une bonne pratique de gestion publique. Plusieurs États en ont adopté la règle entre autres dans les domaines du service social et de la santé. Cet article en décrit une application « citoyenne », soit la Commission populaire pour la sauvegarde des maisons de chambres de Montréal. Les auteurs qui ont participé à cette intervention font état de leur collecte de données, de la problématique de la préservation du parc des maisons de chambres, des enjeux de la participation en tant que pratique démocratique et des résultats obtenus. Ils discutent en conclusion des conditions d’une prise de parole citoyenne par les participants et participantes à un tel exercice

Heterogeneity amongst splenic stromal cell lines which support dendritic cell hematopoiesis

Long-term cultures (LTC) producing dendritic cells (DC) have been previously established from spleen. LTC support the development of nonadherent cells comprising small DC progenitors and immature DC. Similarly, the splenic stroma STX3, derived from a LT

Teaching Self-Regulation Strategies to Students with Autism and/or Developmental Disabilities: A Manual and Training for Parents and Educators

The purpose of this project was to provide educators with a series of lesson plans to help support students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities. The lessons presented to educators, in the form of an in-service training module, were designed to improve social skills, self-regulation, and behavior of students in the school environment. \ud Five students diagnosed with autism from a non-public school located in northern San Diego County participated in this study. Students were assessed using individualized education program goals to establish baseline levels of behavior. Experimental data was collected over a three month period, using student and teacher ratings of student behavior. The results showed the delivery and implementation of the lessons provided in this in-service training had a positive impact on student behavior. \ud Based on the project data, the in-service training module contains effective lessons and strategies to help support students in managing social skills and to self-regulate their behavior in the classroom. Through consistent and structured instruction on the lessons, students were able to improve their social skills and learn to monitor and self-regulate their behavior. Students were also able to understand how their behavior has an effect not only on themselves, but also on others. \ud \ud \ud \ud Keywords: Autism, Developmental Disabilities, Social Skills, Self-regulation, BehaviorEducatio

Splenic Endothelial Cell Lines Support Development of Dendritic Cells from Bone Marrow

Although growth factors are commonly used to generate dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, the role of the microenvironment necessary for DC development is still poorly understood. The mixed splenic stromal cell population STX3 defines an in vitro microenvironment supportive of DC development. Dissection of cellular components of the STX3 stroma should provide information about a niche for DC development. STX3 was therefore cloned by single-cell sorting, and a panel of 102 splenic stromal cell lines was established. Four representative splenic stromal cell lines that support hematopoiesis from bone marrow are described here in terms of stromal cell type and DC production. All four stromal lines express the endothelial genes Acvrl1, Cd34, Col18a1, Eng, Flt1, Mcam, and Vcam1 but not Cd31 or Vwf. Three of the four lines form tube-like structures when cultured on Matrigel. Their endothelial maturity correlates with the ability to support myeloid DC development from bone marrow. A fourth cell line, unable to form tube-like structures in Matrigel, produced large granulocytic cells expressing CD11b and CD86 but not CD11c and CD80. Conditioned media from splenic stromal cell lines also support DC production, indicating that soluble growth factors and cytokines produced by stromal lines drive DC development. This article reports characterization of immature endothelial cell lines derived from spleen that are supportive of DC development and predicts the existence of such a cell type in vivo which regulates DC development within spleen