499 research outputs found

    Capm empirical problems and the distribution.

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    The CAPM is generally contested on an empirical basis.The tests conducted with data from financial markets do not generally imply the acceptance of the model as describing correctly the range of expected returns. When regressing returns of individual assets on the market portfolio, R2 are generally not very good. The regression of the average returns against bet as is even worse. Explaining these weak results by factors other than a temporary mispricing may allow us to understand better their origins.Specifically we will explore the relationship that may exist between the ineffectiveness of the CAPM and the non-normality of the returns distribution.More to the point, we find descriptive statistics of the returns distribution that partially predict the ineffectiveness of the bet a for a given asset.Gestion de portefeuille;

    Semi-moments based tests of normality and the evolution of stock returns towards normality.

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    Testing for normality is of paramount importance in many areas of science since the Gaussian distribution is a key hypothesis in many models. As the use of semi–moments is increasing in physics, economics or ïŹnance, often to judge the distributional properties of a given sample, we propose a test of normality relying on such statistics. This test is proposed in three diïŹ€erent versions and an extensive study of their power against various alternatives is conducted in comparison with a number of powerful classical tests of normality. We ïŹnd that semi–moments based tests have high power against leptokurtic and asymmetric alternatives. This new test is then applied to stock returns, to study the evolution of their normality over diïŹ€erent horizons. They are found to converge at a “log-log” speed, as are moments and most semi–moments. Moreover, the distribution does not appear to converge to a real Gaussian.Stock returns; Volatility (finance); Gaussian;

    Construction avec des enseignants d'une ontologie des compétences en géométrie, Geoskills

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    National audienceCet article prĂ©sente la construction d'une ontologie des compĂ©tences en gĂ©omĂ©trie impliquant spĂ©cialistes ontologiques et spĂ©cialistes de cursus scolaire gĂ©omĂ©triques dans toute l'Europe. Il prĂ©sente la mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e, l'ontologie elle-mĂȘme et ses usage avant de discuter les avantages et inconvĂ©nients des principaux choix. La principale caractĂ©ristique de l'ontologie dĂ©veloppĂ©e est sa simplicitĂ©, nĂ©cessaire pour un dĂ©veloppement effectif Ă  grande Ă©chelle, en mĂȘme temps que l'utilisation d'un langage (OWL-DL) offrant une sĂ©mantique formelle aux compĂ©tences et assurant la dĂ©cidabilitĂ© des raisonnements automatiques

    Construction avec des enseignants d'une ontologie des compétences en géométrie, Geoskills

    No full text
    National audienceCet article prĂ©sente la construction d'une ontologie des compĂ©tences en gĂ©omĂ©trie impliquant spĂ©cialistes ontologiques et spĂ©cialistes de cursus scolaire gĂ©omĂ©triques dans toute l'Europe. Il prĂ©sente la mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e, l'ontologie elle-mĂȘme et ses usage avant de discuter les avantages et inconvĂ©nients des principaux choix. La principale caractĂ©ristique de l'ontologie dĂ©veloppĂ©e est sa simplicitĂ©, nĂ©cessaire pour un dĂ©veloppement effectif Ă  grande Ă©chelle, en mĂȘme temps que l'utilisation d'un langage (OWL-DL) offrant une sĂ©mantique formelle aux compĂ©tences et assurant la dĂ©cidabilitĂ© des raisonnements automatiques

    A Practical Set-Membership Proof for Privacy-Preserving NFC Mobile Ticketing

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    To ensure the privacy of users in transport systems, researchers are working on new protocols providing the best security guarantees while respecting functional requirements of transport operators. In this paper, we design a secure NFC m-ticketing protocol for public transport that preserves users' anonymity and prevents transport operators from tracing their customers' trips. To this end, we introduce a new practical set-membership proof that does not require provers nor verifiers (but in a specific scenario for verifiers) to perform pairing computations. It is therefore particularly suitable for our (ticketing) setting where provers hold SIM/UICC cards that do not support such costly computations. We also propose several optimizations of Boneh-Boyen type signature schemes, which are of independent interest, increasing their performance and efficiency during NFC transactions. Our m-ticketing protocol offers greater flexibility compared to previous solutions as it enables the post-payment and the off-line validation of m-tickets. By implementing a prototype using a standard NFC SIM card, we show that it fulfils the stringent functional requirement imposed by transport operators whilst using strong security parameters. In particular, a validation can be completed in 184.25 ms when the mobile is switched on, and in 266.52 ms when the mobile is switched off or its battery is flat

    De la pertinence du capital humain comme objet comptable : le cas des joueurs de football

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    Pour des raisons pratiques, le cas du football est souvent considĂ©rĂ© comme idĂ©al-typique des liens existant entre les performances et l'utilisation des ressources humaines. Les rĂšgles comptables consistant Ă  traiter les contrats de certains joueurs comme des actifs incorporels, d'aucuns estiment que le contexte du football constitue un exemple rĂ©vĂ©lateur de la valorisation comptable du capital humain. Notre revue de la littĂ©rature et nos rĂ©flexions rĂ©vĂšlent que les frais de transfert ne sont pas une mesure du capital humain, mais incluent des Ă©lĂ©ments de marketing et contractuels qui peuvent aller bien au delĂ . Au contraire, ce qui peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme du vĂ©ritable capital humain (dĂ©penses d'entraĂźnement, formation d'un esprit d'Ă©quipe...) n'est pas activable selon les rĂšgles comptables. Est-ce donc que le vĂ©ritable capital humain ne peut pas ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme un objet comptable ? Le cas du football serait alors rĂ©vĂ©lateur, non pas d'une rĂ©ification du capital humain, mais de son statut complexe et transversal qui l'empĂȘche d'accĂ©der Ă  un statut d'objet comptable.capital immatĂ©riel ; capital humain ; joueur de football ; pertinence ; objet comptable

    Modélisation et analyses cinématiques de l'épaule lors de levers de charges en hauteur

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    ThĂšse de doctorat Ă  mi-chemin entre la recherche fondamentale et appliquĂ©e. Les champs disciplinaires sont principalement la biomĂ©canique, l'ergonomie physique ou encore l'anatomie. RĂ©alisĂ© en cotutelle avec le professeur Paul Allard et Mickael Begon.An occupation that requires handling loads combined with large elevation of the arms is associated with the occurrence of shoulders musculoskeletal disorder. The analysis of these joint movements is essential because it helps to quantify the stress applied to the musculoskeletal structures. This thesis provides an innovative model which allows the estimation of the shoulder complex kinematics and used it to analyze the joints kinematics during lifting tasks. It is organized into three sub-objectives. The first aim is the development and validation of a kinematic model the most representative as possible of the shoulder complex anatomy while correcting soft tissue artifacts through the use of global optimization. This model included a scapulothoracic closed loop, which constrains a scapular dot contact to be coincident with thoracic gliding plane modeled by a subject-specific ellipsoid. In the validation process, the reference model used the gold standard for direct measurements of bone movements. In dynamic movements, the closed loop model developed generates barely more kinematic errors that errors obtained for the study of standard movements by existing models. The second aim is to detect and quantify the shoulder articular movements influenced by the combined effects of two risk factors: task height and load weight. The results indicate that many peaks of joint angles are influenced by the interaction of height and weight. According to the different initial and deposits heights when the weight increases, the kinematics changes are substantial, in number and magnitude. The kinematic strategies of participants are more consistent when the weight of load increase for initial height lift at hips level compared to shoulders level, and for a deposit at eye level compared to shoulders. The third aim is to investigate the magnitude and temporality of the maximum peak vertical acceleration of the box. The significant joints movements are characterized with a principal component analysis of joint angle values collected at this instant. In particular, this study highlights that elbow flexion and thoraco-humeral elevation are two correlated invariant joint movements to all lifting tasks whatever the initial and deposit height, and weight of the load. The realism of the developed shoulder model and kinematics analyzes open perspectives in occupational biomechanics and contribute to risk prevention efforts in health and safety.Une activitĂ© professionnelle qui exige de manipuler des charges combinĂ©e Ă  de grandes Ă©lĂ©vations des bras augmente les chances de dĂ©velopper un trouble musculo-squelettique aux Ă©paules. L’analyse de ces mouvements articulaires est essentielle car elle contribue Ă  quantifier les contraintes appliquĂ©es aux structures musculo-squelettiques. Cette thĂšse propose un modĂšle innovant qui permet l’estimation de la cinĂ©matique du complexe de l’épaule, et l’utilise ensuite afin d’analyser la cinĂ©matique de levers de charge. Elle s’organise en trois sous-objectifs. Le premier concerne le dĂ©veloppement et la validation d’un modĂšle cinĂ©matique le plus reprĂ©sentatif possible de l’anatomie du complexe de l’épaule tout en corrigeant les artĂ©facts des tissus mous par une optimisation multi-segmentaire. Ce modĂšle avec une fermeture de boucle scapulo-thoracique, impose Ă  un point de contact scapulaire d’ĂȘtre coĂŻncident au plan de glissement thoracique modĂ©lisĂ© par un ellipsoĂŻde mis Ă  l’échelle pour chaque sujet. Le modĂšle qui a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme rĂ©fĂ©rence lors des comparaisons du processus de validation bĂ©nĂ©ficie du « gold standard » de mesures directes des mouvements osseux. Le modĂšle dĂ©veloppĂ© en boucle fermĂ©e gĂ©nĂšre Ă  peine plus d’erreurs cinĂ©matiques lors de mouvements dynamiques que les erreurs obtenues par les modĂšles existants pour l’étude de mouvements standards. Le second identifie et quantifie les mouvements articulaires de l’épaule influencĂ©s par la combinaison des effets de deux facteurs de risques : les hauteurs importantes d’agencement de la tĂąche (hauteurs de saisie et de dĂ©pĂŽt) et les masses de charges (6 kg, 12 kg et 18 kg). Les rĂ©sultats indiquent qu’il existe de nombreux pics d’angles articulaires qui sont influencĂ©s par l’interaction des deux effets. Lorsque la masse augmente, les modifications cinĂ©matiques sont plus importantes, en nombre et en amplitude, selon les diffĂ©rentes hauteurs de saisies et de dĂ©pĂŽts de la charge. Les participants varient peu leur mode opĂ©ratoire pour une saisie Ă  hauteur des hanches en comparaison des Ă©paules, et pour un dĂ©pĂŽt Ă  hauteur des yeux en comparaison aux Ă©paules avec une charge plus lourde. Un troisiĂšme s’intĂ©resse au pic maximal d’accĂ©lĂ©ration verticale de la charge dans son intensitĂ© et sa temporalitĂ©. BasĂ©e sur une analyse en composante principale des valeurs d’angles articulaires Ă  cet instant, elle permet de caractĂ©riser les mouvements articulaires significatifs. Cette Ă©tude met notamment en Ă©vidence que la flexion du coude et l’élĂ©vation thoraco-humĂ©rale sont deux mouvements articulaires corrĂ©lĂ©s invariants Ă  toutes les tĂąches de lever en hauteur quelles que soient la hauteur de dĂ©pĂŽt et la masse de la charge. Le souci de rĂ©alisme du modĂšle dĂ©veloppĂ© et les analyses cinĂ©matiques menĂ©es ouvrent des perspectives en biomĂ©canique occupationnelle et participent Ă  l’effort de prĂ©vention des risques en santĂ© et sĂ©curitĂ©

    Julie Bouchard : Comment le retard vient aux Français. Analyse d’un discours sur la recherche, l’innovation et la compĂ©titivitĂ© 1940-1970

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    L’ouvrage de Julie Bouchard met en lumiĂšre le lien entre deux discours dominants dans les annĂ©es d’aprĂšs DeuxiĂšme guerre mondiale, celui d’un retard français en matiĂšre de sciences et de techniques et celui relatif au projet de modernisation de la sociĂ©tĂ© française figurant dans les rapports des Commissions du Plan et de la DĂ©lĂ©gation gĂ©nĂ©rale Ă  la recherche scientifique et technique (DGRST). L’analyse confronte les enjeux Ă©conomiques, politiques, sociaux et communicationnels liĂ©s aux science..

    PĂ©dagogie et dilemmes de l'enseignement de l'Ă©thique du lobbying

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    International audienceSince the theoretical and practical relations between lobbying and ethics are complex to grasp, teaching ethical lobbying is a challenge. A pluralistic methodology led to explore the pedagogical practices and dilemmas met when teaching the ethics of lobbying. Based on a conceptual analysis of lobbying as a sector of activity and a set of practices and techniques aimed to influence political decision-making processes, ethics courses appeal to lobbying students. However, there are very few such courses in French Master level training programs, and the term itself appears seldom in their brochures and web-sites. Yet, students prove to be keen on asking questions and getting answers on that matter during all courses of such programs. The pedagogy of the relations between lobbying and ethics is complex because it should meet students’ expectations to learn the legal framework, the codes of conducts, as well as the do and the don’t that drive from social norms, whereas teachers should recall that values are subjective and that one should be pragmatic when one meets ethical dilemmas in his daily work.Si les relations thĂ©oriques et pratiques entre lobbying et Ă©thique sont complexes Ă  apprĂ©hender, leur enseignement relĂšve de la gageure. Une mĂ©thodologie pluraliste d'enquĂȘte associant l'analyse de discours Ă  l'ethnographie organisationnelle a permis de formuler une proposition conceptuelle sur la nature mĂȘme du lobbying, et d'Ă©tudier l'impĂ©rieuse nĂ©cessitĂ© de la prĂ©sence d'enseignements abordant l'Ă©thique dans les formations en lobbying. Les Ă©tudiants expriment souvent des questionnements et un souci Ă©thique. Pour autant, le statut de l'Ă©thique dans les formations françaises de niveau Master paraĂźt limitĂ© Ă  la portion congrue dans leurs supports de communication. La pĂ©dagogie des relations entre lobbying et Ă©thique est en tension entre le souhait de rĂ©pondre aux attentes d'Ă©tudiants en demande de repĂšres clairs tels que le cadre lĂ©gal ou les normes sociales, et le devoir de rĂ©affirmation de la subjectivitĂ© des valeurs et du caractĂšre pragmatique des questionnements Ă©thiques. Mots-clĂ©s : lobbying, Ă©thique, pĂ©dagogie, intelligence Ă©conomique, professionnalisation. Abstract Since the theoretical and practical relations between lobbying and ethics are complex to grasp, teaching ethical lobbying is a challenge. A pluralistic methodology led to explore the pedagogical practices and dilemmas met when teaching the ethics of lobbying. Based on a conceptual analysis of lobbying as a sector of activity and a set of practices and techniques aimed to influence political decision-making processes, ethics courses appeal to lobbying students. However, there are very few such courses in French Master level training programs, and the term itself appears seldom in their brochures and web-sites. Yet, students prove to be keen on asking questions and getting answers on that matter during all courses of such programs. The pedagogy of the relations between lobbying and ethics is complex because it should meet students' expectations to learn the legal framework, the codes of conducts, as well as the do and the don't that drive from social norms, whereas teachers should recall that values are subjective and that one should be pragmatic when one meets ethical dilemmas in his daily work

    E/raced : aboriginal youth identities and schooling

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    This qualitative study investigates Aboriginal high school students' negotiation of identity and identifying with school and community in relation to other representations. Within the literature, cultural and racial discourses provide contrasting, essentialized theories for Aboriginal students' lack of schooling succes. Each of these discourses has conceptual limitations. Alternative conceptualizations illuminate diverse representations, engage complex articulations of identity, culture, class, and race with racialized students' agency and negotation of/engagement with/ and alienation from schooling as performative identity
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