Biomassa e alocação de nutrientes em plantios comerciais de Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke), em duas regiões da Amazônia central

Rosewood oil yield is directly related to the accumulation of biomass. Thus, quantification of biomass and nutrients, allocated to different tree compartments, can help to define strategies to optimize the practices related to the management of the species. The objective of this study was to investigate the allocation of biomass and nutrients in three plantations of Aniba rosaeodora, at 10, 12 and 17 years, located in the municipalities of Maués and Novo Aripuana, Amazonas State. Therefore, biomass stocks and nutrients were determined by the destructive method, 108 trees, 36 per plantation. The average total biomass did not differ significantly between the evaluated plantations, however the total biomass stock in plantation 10 (P10), 12 (P12) and 17 (P17) years was 48.83, 44.66 and 10.00 Mg ha-1, respectively. The crown compartment of these plantations stored 34.04, 23.77 and 32.17% of the total aboveground biomass. The highest concentrations of macro and micronutrients were observed in the leaf compartment and the largest stocks in the crown compartment (leaves + branches), which was equal to 334.6 kg ha-1 (59.21%) for P10, 206.81 kg ha-1 (52.33%) for P12, and 64.36 kg ha-1 (59.23%) for P17. In general, for nutrient concentrations, significant differences were observed between compartments and between plantations. In order of predominance of the stock of macronutrients in the total biomass was N>Ca> K>Mg>P in plantations P10 and P12 and N>K>Ca>Mg>P in P17 plantation. For micronutrients, the order of predominance was Fe>Mn>Zn. Considering that there was no significant difference between the average biomass of the evaluated plantations, these plantations have different characteristics as spacing, age, and site, possibly the choice of cultivation system has influenced the nutrient allocation that affected the biomass accumulation. In this sense, the cultivation system applied in the P10 site appeared to be more favorable to biomass accumulation, because a same biomass as the other plantations accumulated in a shorter time.A produtividade do óleo do pau-rosa está diretamente relacionado ao acúmulo de biomassa nos diferentes compartimentos arbóreos. Assim, a quantificação da biomassa, bem como, dos nutrientes nela contidos quando da exploração, pode auxiliar na definição de estratégias que visem otimizar as práticas relacionadas ao manejo da espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar alocação de biomassa e nutrientes em três plantios de Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, aos 10, 12 e 17 anos, localizados nos municípios de Maués e Novo Aripuanã, no estado do Amazonas. Os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes foram determinados pelo método destrutivo, em 108 árvores, 36 por plantio. A biomassa média total não diferiu, significativamente, entre os plantios avaliados. O estoque total de biomassa no plantio de 10 (P10), 12(P12) e 17(P17) anos foi de 48,83, 44,66 e 10,00 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. O compartimento copa dos referidos plantios estocou 34,04, 23,77 e 32,17 % da biomassa total acima do solo. As maiores concentrações de macro e micronutrientes foram observadas no compartimento folha e os maiores estoques no compartimento copa (folhas + galhos), onde P10 foi igual a 334,6 kg ha-1 (59,21%), P12 igual a 206,81 kg ha-1 (52,33%) e P17 igual a 64,36 kg ha-1 (59,23%). Foram observadas diferenças significativas para a concentração de nutrientes entre compartimentos e entre plantios. A ordem predominante do estoque de macronutrientes na biomassa total foi N>Ca>K>Mg>P nos plantios P10 e P12 e N>K>Ca>Mg>P no plantio P17. Para os micronutrientes, a ordem predominante foi Fe>Mn>Zn. Considerando que não houve diferença significativa na biomassa média entre os plantios, possivelmente, os fatores relacionados ao espaçamento, sítio e sistema de cultivo, tenham influenciado a alocação de nutrientes que por sua vez, impactaram no acúmulo de biomassa. Nesse sentido, o sistema de cultivo adotado no P10, favoreceu um maior acúmulo de biomassa, em um menor espaço de tempo

ALTERNATIVAS SUSTENTÁVEIS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: AGROECOLOGIA ALIADA À SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708806The subproject Architects of Saber, Federal University of Santa Maria, was developed from a proposal magna CAPES - New Talents Project, reaching target audience is students of the State School of Elementary Education Dr. Honorato de Souza Santos, located in town Step d 'Sand, peri-urban area of the municipality of Cachoeira do Sul / RS, Brazil. At school worked three axes are calling themselves Agroecology, Environmental Education and Citizenship, and the actual experience lived and assisted on Axis Agroecology. This axis aims to establish a harmonious relationship between children and nature, making them reflect and learn in practice it is possible to obtain food through natural resources without degradation thereof. The activities conducted at the school involve workshops, explanations to students on topics such as natural soil cover and its importance consortium of plants in a particular place and its purpose, deployment garden and Agroforestry Systems (AFS) in the school environment and its contribution for sustainability and food security. The results are relevant because there is the interaction of students with the proposed activities, and have the experience, for example, they are reaping the vegetable garden itself (suspended - vertical and horizontal) vegetables and legumes to your diet.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611708806O subprojeto Arquitetos do Saber, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, foi desenvolvido a partir de uma proposta magna da CAPES - Projeto Novos Talentos, atingindo como público alvo alunos da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Dr. Honorato de Souza Santos, localizada na localidade Passo d’ Areia, área peri-urbana do município de Cachoeira do Sul/RS, Brasil. Na escola são trabalhados três eixos que se intitulam Agroecologia, Educação Ambiental e Cidadania, sendo a atual experiência assistida e vivenciada no Eixo Agroecologia. Este eixo tem por objetivo estabelecer uma relação harmônica entre as crianças e a natureza, fazendo-as refletir e aprender na prática que é possível obter alimentos através dos recursos naturais sem a degradação dos mesmos. As atividades conduzidas na escola envolvem oficinas, explanações aos alunos sobre assuntos tais como cobertura natural do solo e sua importância, consórcio de plantas dentro de um determinado local e sua finalidade, implantação de horta e Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) no ambiente escolar e sua contribuição para a sustentabilidade e segurança alimentar. Os resultados são relevantes, pois há a interação destes alunos com as atividades propostas, além de terem a experiência, por exemplo, de colherem da própria horta (suspensa – vertical e horizontal) hortaliças e legumes para sua alimentação

Sequential management of commercial rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora ducke) plantations in central Amazonia: Seeking sustainable models for Essential oil production

Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is an endangered tree that produces essential oil of high commercial value. However, technical-scientific knowledge about cultivation is scarce and studies are needed to examine the management viability. The current study evaluated rosewood aboveground biomass management, measuring the export of nutrients resulting from harvesting and testing sustainable management models. The crown of 36 rosewood trees were pruned and 108 trees cut at 50 cm above the soil in two regions in Central Amazonia. Post-harvest performance of sprouting shoots was evaluated and after, sprouting shoots were pruned so that the development of two, three and all shoots was permitted. Nutrient stock estimation was calculated as the product of mass and nutrient concentration, which allowed nutritional replacement to be estimated. The pruning facilitates regrowth by 40.11% of the initial mass while by cut regrow 1.45%. Chemical attributes of regrowth biomass differed significantly prior to management and regrowth had a significant correlation with the reserves in root tissues and with the pre -management status of the individual tree. Driving sprouts resulted in significantly larger growth increments and may provide a form of management that can viably be adopted. Biomass sequential management resulted in high nutrient exports and the amount of fertilizer needed for replenishment depended on the intensity and frequency of cropping. Compared with the cut of the tree, pruning the canopy reduces fertilizers that are required to replenish amount by 44%, decreasing to 26.37% in the second rotation. The generated knowledge contributes to this silvicultural practice as it becomes ecologically and economically viable. © 2017 by the authors

Sequential Management of Commercial Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) Plantations in Central Amazonia: Seeking Sustainable Models for Essential Oil Production

Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is an endangered tree that produces essential oil of high commercial value. However, technical-scientific knowledge about cultivation is scarce and studies are needed to examine the management viability. The current study evaluated rosewood aboveground biomass management, measuring the export of nutrients resulting from harvesting and testing sustainable management models. The crown of 36 rosewood trees were pruned and 108 trees cut at 50 cm above the soil in two regions in Central Amazonia. Post-harvest performance of sprouting shoots was evaluated and after, sprouting shoots were pruned so that the development of two, three and all shoots was permitted. Nutrient stock estimation was calculated as the product of mass and nutrient concentration, which allowed nutritional replacement to be estimated. The pruning facilitates regrowth by 40.11% of the initial mass while by cut regrow 1.45%. Chemical attributes of regrowth biomass differed significantly prior to management and regrowth had a significant correlation with the reserves in root tissues and with the pre -management status of the individual tree. Driving sprouts resulted in significantly larger growth increments and may provide a form of management that can viably be adopted. Biomass sequential management resulted in high nutrient exports and the amount of fertilizer needed for replenishment depended on the intensity and frequency of cropping. Compared with the cut of the tree, pruning the canopy reduces fertilizers that are required to replenish amount by 44%, decreasing to 26.37% in the second rotation. The generated knowledge contributes to this silvicultural practice as it becomes ecologically and economically viable