The Caregiver’s Experience of Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome

As the rate of Lyme disease diagnoses increases in the United States, it can be assumed that the frequency at which post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) is diagnosed will also increase. While research has been published on the experience of caregivers of other chronic illnesses, no studies have examined the experience of the PTLDS caregiver. This quantitative study sought to discover the most significant burdens, mental health status (levels of anxiety and depression), and level of invalidation experienced by the PTLDS caregiver. Thirty individual participants took part in this study. This study found that mental burden is a significant area of concern for PTLDS caregivers, that increased PTLDS symptomology is associated with increased financial concern, and that PTLDS caregivers endorsed a high rate of anxiety and depression symptoms related to the diagnosis. Invalidation did not appear to be experienced by the PTLDS caregiver in this sample. This study has clinical implications for medical professionals as they should be aware of the potential impact of medical invalidation, financial concern, and the burdens and mental health of the PTLDS caregiver

Alien Registration- Deschene, Ulderic (Brunswick, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/31572/thumbnail.jp

The Moth Project

The Moth Project Assistant Prof. Jeff Schmuki (Georgia Southern) and Associate Professor Wendy DesChene (Auburn University) The ArtLab is an off-grid, solar powered 10-foot trailer that houses a mobile art space/laboratory or ArtLab. The ArtLab provides the stage for native plant gardens and solar powered light tents that attract moths and other insects for a non-destructive survey. The Moth Project shares the importance of pollinators in the environment through a hands-on community/citizen science and art experience. Research was compiled into a free downloadable field guide of the local moths found on the Georgia Southern campus that will interest in sustainability while promote simple actions that assist our declining pollinators and encourage backyard naturalism

Contribution de l’hypoxie et du facteur hif1a à la guérison cutanée chez le cheval

Le cheval est souvent victime de plaies traumatiques, dont la guérison est fréquemment problématique, et ce, principalement quand la plaie survient sur le membre. Il est courant de voir chez le cheval le développement d’un tissu de granulation exubérant ou « bouton de chair », qui mène à une cicatrisation excessive due à la surproduction de tissu fibreux. Ce tissu cicatriciel, non épithélialisé, est caractérisé par une occlusion au niveau de la microcirculation due à l’hypertrophie des cellules endothéliales, qui laisse supposer la présence d’hypoxie tissulaire. Une hypoxie relative a effectivement été mesurée par spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge au niveau des plaies appendiculaires prédisposées au développement de tissu de granulation exubérant, par rapport aux plaies corporelles. De plus, une étude thermographique a révélé un patron spatial similaire de la perfusion. Au niveau moléculaire, la littérature rapporte que le facteur de transcription «hypoxia inducible factor» (HIF) est à l’origine de plusieurs changements dans les niveaux d’expression de divers gènes régulés par l’hypoxie. L’objectif du présent projet de recherche était de définir la contribution de l’hypoxie à la guérison cutanée chez le cheval. Le premier volet (in vivo) du projet visait à mesurer l’expression protéique temporelle du HIF1A dans des échantillons tissulaires en provenance de plaies cutanées guérissant normalement et d’autres développant une cicatrisation excessive, selon divers sites anatomiques (tronc, membre). Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que la mesure de HIF1A, dans les échantillons pluricellulaires de cette étude, reflète l’épithélialisation de la plaie plutôt que les niveaux d’oxygène tissulaire. En effet, le HIF1A semble réguler l’homéostasie et la prolifération des kératinocytes. Le second volet (in vitro), consistait en la mise en culture de fibroblastes dermiques équins provenant du tronc ou du membre, en condition de normoxie ou d’hypoxie (à 1% d’O2 ou à l’aide d’un mimétique, le CoCl2) afin d’en étudier le comportement (capacités de prolifération et de synthèse protéique). Les résultats obtenus soutiennent une contribution de l’hypoxie à la cicatrisation extensive chez le cheval puisque l’hypoxie favorise la prolifération des fibroblastes en plus d’encourager la synthèse de collagène de type 1 et de diminuer la synthèse de la métalloprotéinase de type 2. Les changements observés semblent dépendre de facteurs extrinsèques (environnementaux) car les fibroblastes dermiques se comportent de façon similaire indépendamment de la provenance anatomique. En somme, les deux volets de l’étude ont permis d’élucider une part des mécanismes sous-jacents à la formation du tissu de granulation exubérant lors de guérison cutanée chez le cheval. La poursuite des recherches dans ce domaine mènera à une meilleure compréhension de la pathologie et ainsi, permettra de développer des méthodes de traitement spécifiques à la condition.The horse is often victim of traumatic wounds for which healing can be problematic, mainly when the wound occurs on the limb. The development of exuberant granulation tissue, also known clinically as “proud flesh”, leads to extensive scarring characterized by overproduction of fibrous tissue and the absence of an epithelial cover. This scar tissue suffers from occlusion of the microcirculation within the residual granulation tissue, due to endothelial cell hypertrophy, suggesting tissue hypoxia. The presence of relative hypoxia in limb wounds of horses was recently confirmed using near infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, thermography showed decreased perfusion in limb wounds. Abundant literature incriminates "hypoxia inducible factor” (HIF) in the regulation of expression of a number of genes in response to hypoxia. The overall objective of this research project was to define the contribution of hypoxia to problematic wound healing in horses. The first phase of the project (in vivo) aimed to measure the temporal expression of HIF1A protein in tissue samples taken from skin wounds healing normally and others developing exuberant granulation tissue and subsequent extensive scarring, according to various anatomical sites (trunk, limb). Results suggest that the expression of HIF1A within the pluricellular tissue samples of this study reflects wound epithelialization rather than tissue oxygen levels. Indeed, HIF1A appears to regulate the homeostasis and proliferation of skin keratinocytes. The second phase of the project (in vitro) consisted in the culture of equine dermal fibroblasts from the body or the limb, under conditions of normoxia or hypoxia (1% O2 or using a mimetic, CoCl2) in an effort to study their behavior (proliferation and protein synthesis). Results corroborate the contribution of hypoxia to over-scarring in the horse since hypoxia promotes both the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and the synthesis of collagen type 1 while decreasing the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Extrinsic factors (environmental) appear to govern the behavior of equine dermal fibroblasts since these cells behave similarly regardless of their anatomic origin (body or limb). In summary, the two phases of the study contributed to the elucidation of a portion of the mechanisms underlying the development of exuberant granulation tissue during wound healing in horses. Further research in this area will provide a better understanding of the pathology and thus aid in the design and development of targeted therapies

Tissue Targeted Embryonic Chimeras: Zebrafish Gastrula Cell Transplantation

Certain fundamental questions in the field of developmental biology can only be answered when cells are placed in novel environments or when small groups of cells in a larger context are altered. Watching how one cell interacts with and behaves in a unique environment is essential to characterizing cell functions. Determining how the localized misexpression of a specific protein influences surrounding cells provides insightful information on the roles that protein plays in a variety of developmental processes. Our lab uses the zebrafish model system to uniquely combine genetic approaches with classical transplantation techniques to generate genotypic or phenotypic chimeras. We study neuron-glial cell interactions during the formation of forebrain commissures in zebrafish. This video describes a method that allows our lab to investigate the role of astroglial populations in the diencephalon and the roles of specific guidance cues that influence projecting axons as they cross the midline. Due to their transparency zebrafish embryos are ideal models for this type of ectopic cell placement or localized gene misexpression. Tracking transplanted cells can be accomplished using a vital dye or a transgenic fish line expressing a fluorescent protein. We demonstrate here how to prepare donor embryos with a vital dye tracer for transplantation, as well as how to extract and transplant cells from one gastrula staged embryo to another. We present data showing ectopic GFP+ transgenic cells within the forebrain of zebrafish embryos and characterize the location of these cells with respect to forebrain commissures. In addition, we show laser scanning confocal timelapse microscopy of Alexa 594 labeled cells transplanted into a GFP+ transgenic host embryo. These data provide evidence that gastrula staged transplantation enables the targeted positioning of ectopic cells to address a variety of questions in Developmental Biology

Impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated feed on intestinal integrity and immune response in swine

This study was performed to characterize the influence of consuming DON naturally contaminated feeds on pig's intestinal immune defenses, antibody response and cellular immunity. Sixteen 4-week-old piglets were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: control diet or diet contaminated with 3.5 mg DON/kg. At days 7 and 21, animals were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). On day 42, intestinal samples were collected for measurement of gene expression involved in immune response, oxidative status and barrier function. Primary IgG antibody response to OVA was increased in pigs fed DON diet compared to control animals. In the ileum of pigs fed DON diet, claudin, occludin, and vimentin genes involved in integrity and barrier function were down-regulated compared to controls. Results also revealed that expression of two chemokines (IL-8, CXCL10), interferon-γ, and major antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX-2) were up-regulated whereas expression of genes encoding enzymatic antioxidants including GPX-3, GPX-4 and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD-3) were down-regulated in pigs fed DON-contaminated diet. These results strongly suggest that ingestion of DON naturally contaminated feed impaired intestinal barrier and immunological functions by modulating expression of genes coding for proteins involved in tight junctions, tissue remodelling, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress reaction and immune response

Live imaging of stem cell and progeny behaviour in physiological hair-follicle regeneration

Tissue development and regeneration depend on cell-cell interactions and signals that target stem cells and their immediate progeny. However, the cellular behaviours that lead to a properly regenerated tissue are not well understood. Using a new, non-invasive, intravital two-photon imaging approach we study physiological hair-follicle regeneration over time in live mice. By these means we have monitored the behaviour of epithelial stem cells and their progeny during physiological hair regeneration and addressed how the mesenchyme influences their behaviour. Consistent with earlier studies, stem cells are quiescent during the initial stages of hair regeneration, whereas the progeny are more actively dividing. Moreover, stem cell progeny divisions are spatially organized within follicles. In addition to cell divisions, coordinated cell movements of the progeny allow the rapid expansion of the hair follicle. Finally, we show the requirement of the mesenchyme for hair regeneration through targeted cell ablation and long-term tracking of live hair follicles. Thus, we have established an in vivo approach that has led to the direct observation of cellular mechanisms of growth regulation within the hair follicle and that has enabled us to precisely investigate functional requirements of hair-follicle components during the process of physiological regeneration. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Examining periodontal disease as a possible risk factor for Alzheimer's disease

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at [email protected]. Thank you.Studies have revealed an association between periodontal disease and a number of systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. These findings may help physicians identify correctable causes of disease early in the course of progression or prevent disease onset entirely. As the number of possible systemic diseases associated with oral infection is being explored and expanded, cognitive impairment associated with dementia has been added to the list as a possible end organ target. This paper examines the available research focused on exploring this potential link between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease. Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease are both major public health concerns that most commonly affect the elderly population. Recently, several cross-sectional studies have investigated the oral health status of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, finding that often these individuals are not able to take care of their own oral needs. This has alerted healthcare professionals and caretakers to the need for more focused attention to oral health in this population. Conversely, a small number of studies have also set out to investigate the role of pre-existing poor oral health in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms and evidence recently published on this possible bi-directional link are reviewed in this paper. The central focus is on the role of inflammation in the central nervous system of patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is believed that chronic diseases, such as periodontal disease, can cause systemic inflammation by directly introducing bacterial pathogens, toxins, and other inflammation inducing substances into the bloodstream. Some of these studies have used detection methods to determine the presence of oral pathogens in distant body parts, including the brain. Several bacteria identified in these sites are major periodontal pathogens, which have also been linked to other systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Other studies have focused their research on the detection of inflammatory markers and endotoxins associated with pathogens involved in oral infection. Some studies have also indicated a significant correlation between lifetime tooth loss and impaired cognition later in life. Future research must continue to examine how periodontal pathogens and inflammation contribute to the pathology in AD, and whether the two diseases merely share common risk factors or are interrelated. Potential confounders including viral infections, head injury, low socioeconomic status, malnutrition and genetic inflammatory susceptibility must also be controlled for ill order for the results to be more conclusive While there is evidence indicating that a bidirectional link may exist between AD and periodontal disease, at this point there is still not enough evidence to establish this conclusively. Still, the studies presented here do serve as an important foundation for future research; such as randomized-controlled intervention trials with long term followup that would help elucidate causation. The results of these preliminary investigations are certainly promising enough to warrant these future studies to determine if preventative oral health measures could potentially reduce the risk of developing AD.2031-01-0