Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: Influence of clinical and pathological data on the detection of prostate cancer

Purpose: We attempted to characterize patients diagnosed with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without concurrent cancer on biopsy who had prostate cancer on subsequent biopsy. Materials and Methods: The records of 93 patients with low and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without concurrent cancer on initial biopsy were analyzed. The relationships among prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia grades, patient age, digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), transrectal ultrasound appearance and final pathological results were investigated. Results: Subsequent carcinoma was found on repeat biopsy in 13.3% of patients with low grade and 47.9% with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (p <0.001). In the former group digital rectal examination, patient age, serum PSA and transrectal ultrasound were not predictive of cancer. Transrectal ultrasound appearance, digital rectal examination and serum PSA were statistically different between high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia with and without subsequent cancer (p <0.001, p = 0.008 and p = 0.016, respectively, univariate analysis). On multivariate analysis of patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia only digital rectal examination and PSA were predictive of subsequent carcinoma. Conclusions: High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a strong predictor of subsequent cancer, especially in men with abnormal digital rectal examination and elevated serum PSA. Patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia should undergo repeat biopsy to exclude cancer. Further investigations are needed to optimize the treatment of patients with low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Néoplasie intraépithéliale prostatique de haut grade: detection et association avec le cancer de la prostate.

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) fulfils the majority of requirements for a premalignant change in the human prostate. Forty-eight patients were diagnosed to have high grade PIN on prostatic needle biopsy. During a follow-up period, 23 (47.9%) were found to have adenocarcinoma on subsequent biopsies. We compared the patients age, the digital examination, the transrectal ultrasound appearance (TRUS) and the serum PSA level between those in whom cancer was detected subsequently and those with PIN alone. There was a statistically significant difference in the transrectal ultrasound appearance (TRUS) and the serum PSA level between the two groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.016 respectively). In conclusion, patients with high grade PIN, elevated serum PSA with hypoechoic zone on TRUS should be rebiopsied 3 months after the initial diagnosis. If the results are negative, close follow-up is mandatory.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Cloning, stability and modification of Mycoplasma hominis genome in yeast.

Mycoplasma hominis is a minimal human pathogen that is responsible for genital and neonatal infections. Despite many attempts, there is no efficient genetic tool to manipulate this bacterium, limiting most investigations of its pathogenicity and its uncommon energy metabolism that relies on arginine. The recent cloning and subsequent engineering of other mycoplasma genomes in yeast opens new possibilities for studies of the genomes of genetically intractable organisms. Here, we report the successful one-step cloning of the M. hominis PG21 genome in yeast using the transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning method. At low passages, the M. hominis genome cloned into yeast displayed a conserved size. However, after ~60 generations in selective media, this stability was affected, and large degradation events were detected, raising questions regarding the stability of large heterologous DNA molecules cloned in yeast and the need to minimize host propagation. Taking these results into account, we selected early passage yeast clones and successfully modified the M. hominis PG21 genome using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool, available in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Complete M. hominis PG21 genomes lacking the adhesion-related vaa gene were efficiently obtained

Chronique « Philosophie morale et politique » 2011-2012

International audienceLa Chronique « Philosophie morale et politique » est réalisée pour la Revue de métaphysique et de morale par une équipe de rédacteurs. Elle est coordonnée par Caroline Guibet Lafaye et Fabien Ferri, et sous la responsabilité de ce dernier au sein du Centre de Documentation et de Bibliographie Philosophiques de l’Université de Franche-Comté (EA 2274 CDBP - Logiques de l’Agir)

[Melanoma in invisible naevus spilus]

International audienceBACKGROUND: Diagnosis of naevus lesions may be complex where they contain little or no pigmentation. Naevus spilus (or naevus on naevus) is, generally, readily identified by the difference in pigmentation between overlying and underlying naevi and healthy skin. Malignant transformation of naevus spilus is rare. We report two cases of melanoma in which surgical procedures revealed underlying melanocyte lesions, diagnosed at histology but undetectable on clinical examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients were operated for melanoma in which surgery, at a site remote from the melanoma, suggested incomplete relapse despite the fact that previous clinical examination had indicated healthy skin. A diagnosis was made of melanoma in invisible naevus spilus. DISCUSSION: Diagnosis of melanoma in invisible naevus spilus may be suspected where several naevi are found together in a specific area. The main problem is the therapeutic stance to be adopted since complete excision of the underlying naevi is difficult in practice. Wood's light examination may be helpful

Impact of the ingestion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via breast milk on the respiratory health of young rabbits.

International audienceIntroductionThe perinatal period is critical for adequate maturation of the immune system, the microbiota and multiple organs, including the lungs. During this vulnerable phase of life, maternal exposure to environmental factors can potentially influence health trajectories of the offspring. Although banned from food applications in Europe since 2022, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are still massively used in most industrial sectors and their release into the air, water and soil, makes the exposure of mammals by oral, respiratory or skin routes likely. Emerging literature shows the presence of Ti in the breastmilk of rodents exposed orally or by inhalation but the consequences on the offspring’s lung development and its susceptibilities are unknown. The objective of our study was to evaluate the transfer of TiO2 NPs from orally exposed rabbit does, to the kits and the consequences on gut and lung microbiota and lung development.MethodsFrom parturition, lactating does were exposed per os to 2 forms of TiO2 NPs giving three groups: Rutile TiO2 (R), Anatase: Rutile TiO2 (AR) and the vehicle group (E). Fluids (milk, blood) and tissues (lung, jejunum) were analysed for Ti and Ti-NPs content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Offspring’s lung development and pathology was assessed by histology, bronchoalveolar lavage cell numeration and qPCR. Lung, fecal and caecal microbiota were analysed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene.ResultsWe observed an increase in Ti in the caeca and feces from the exposed offspring groups compared to control, suggesting a transfer of Ti via breastmilk and its elimination, at least partly, by the feces. Despite similar Ti levels in the lungs and jejunum between groups, histological analyses of the lungs showed increased severity of suppurative bronchopneumonia in TiO2-NPs exposed groups. In 3 exposed kits, there were Cilia-Associated Respiratory Bacillus and multinucleated giant cells that were not detected in the controls. Moreover, in the R group, pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels increased whereas AR NPs decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, collagen and elastin messengers, potentially explaining the increased incidence and severity of pulmonary pathologies described histologically in the lungs. Finally, the transfer of NPs to kits did not modify the overall microbial composition of the caeca but altered the relative abundances of bacterial families in the lungs, in particular in the AR group compared to the control group. The differential analysis of the OTUs showed that 14 OTUs were significantly different in the lungs of the AR rabbit rabbits in comparison with the E group.ConclusionThis study is the first to suggest an impact of TiO2 NPs, administered to mothers during breastfeeding, on lung defenses of the offspring, probably via alterations in the gut-lung axis

Polarization-Induced Local Pore-Wall Functionalization for Biosensing: From Micropore to Nanopore

International audienc

Evolving concepts on the management of dyslipidaemia

It has been well established that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins are causally related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and that lowering these lipoproteins reduces the risk of ASCVD. By lowering LDL particles as much as possible, ASCVD can be prevented. There seems to be no LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) threshold below which no further ASCVD prevention can be achieved. Furthermore, a low (an even very low) LDL-C appears to be safe. The new ESC/EAS guidelines based on these concepts are a step towards a benefit-based strategy by focusing on the clinical benefit that can be achieved by treating the cause of ASCVD. It is recommended to lower LDL-C as much as possible to prevent ASCVD, especially in high and very high-risk patients. With these new recommendations come recognition of the importance of combination therapies in high and very high-risk patients, first with statins and ezetimibe, and if needed with a PCSK9 inhibitor. The present paper is a review of some new concepts arising during the past 10 years in the field of lipidology and the description of what is new in the 2019 EAS/ESC guidelines