Change in the fourteenth-century inquisition seen through Bernard Gui's and Nicholas Eymerich's inquisitors' manuals

This thesis examines how the inquisitio hereticæ pravitatis (the ‘inquisition’) changed in the 14th century. It does so through a comparison of Gui’s Practica inquisitionis heretice pravitatis, and Eymerich’s Directorium inquisitorum, which are the fullest accounts of inquisitorial practice in the fourteenth century. It therefore concentrates on the Languedoc and Aragon, although wider evidence is used where possible. It points out several areas of change between these two points in the evolution of the inquisition: a) Gui’s Practica was a conservative response to a changing heresy threat, which adapted the existing methods of the successful Languedoc inquisition to meet new threats like the Beguins, Pseudo-Apostles and magicians. Eymerich, who came some 50 years later, was a systematizer and an innovator. He defined the inquisition in such a way that any heterodox thinking could be found to be heresy by an inquisitor. He also innovated in seeing the inquisition’s jurisdiction as extending over Jews (not just Jews converted to Christianity and their helpers), blasphemers and magicians. In this he was following secular trends where magicians were increasingly perceived as a problem and blasphemy was considered a serious offence; and in Aragon there had long been efforts amongst Dominicans to get more jurisdiction over Jews. b) Gui worked closely with the secular power and was cautious in his approach to the business of inquisition. Eymerich was more distant from the secular power and envisaged a more autonomous inquisition. c) Although Gui used torture on occasions, Eymerich made torture the default mechanism for resolving nearly all suspected cases of heresy. d) Gui’s inquisition was still a temporary expedient for defined heresies. Eymerich saw the inquisition as a permanent and institutional part of the Church, which would protect it against all doctrinal assault. In this he saw diabolic influences as playing an important role

Contextual explorations through the city : short stories form the architecture design studio

Through various taught design projects the author has explored a variety of linked contextual analysis techniques within the architectural design studio and has used this paper to catalogue and record these teaching processes. This paper documents the contextual analysis techniques deployed by presenting these in a structure of decreasing scale: firstly, analysis of a city – San Jose - before moving on to discuss analysis within a city district – the Merchant City area in Glasgow - and finally concluding by presenting a project focused on one specific location – a humble street corner, again in Glasgow. When important to do so, the paper will cross reference the experiences of various year groups and demographics within the same contextual analysis technique, highlighting patterns and trends in aptitude for analytical responses to context which remain consistent despite the author visiting these processes with students across different year groups

University of Turku Curriculum Mapping Workshop : Peer Knowledge Exchange and Knowledge Transfer

Turku University, Finland is developing a new programme in architectural studies. Recognised as a leader in the field, my contribution and input was sought to assist with this development process. The forum focussed on best practice, enhanced teaching methods and pedagogical innovation

Force-time characteristics of repeated bouts of depth jumps and the effects of compression garments

No studies have reported ground-reaction force (GRF) profiles of the repeated depth-jump (DJ) protocols commonly used to study exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Furthermore, whilst compression garments (CG) may accelerate recovery from EIMD, any effects on the repeated-bout effect are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the GRF profiles of two repeated bouts of damage-inducing DJs, and the effects of wearing CG for recovery. Non-resistance trained males randomly received CG (n=9) or placebo (n=8) for 72 h recovery, following 20 x 20 m sprints and 10 x 10 DJs from 0.6 m. Exercise was repeated after 14 days. Using a three-way (set x bout x group) design, changes in GRF were assessed with ANOVA and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Jump height, reactive strength, peak and mean propulsive forces declined between sets (p<0.001). Vertical stiffness, contact time, force at zero velocity and propulsive duration increased (p<0.05). According to SPM, braking (17–25% of the movement), and propulsive forces (58–81%) declined (p<0.05). During the repeated bout, peak propulsive force and duration increased (p<0.05), whilst mean propulsive force (p<0.05) and GRF from 59–73% declined (p<0.001). A repeated bout of DJs differed in propulsive GRF, without changes to the eccentric phase, or effects from CG

Change in the fourteenth-century inquisition seen through Bernard Gui's and Nicholas Eymerich's inquisitors' manuals

This thesis examines how the inquisitio hereticæ pravitatis (the ‘inquisition’) changed in the 14th century. It does so through a comparison of Gui’s Practica inquisitionis heretice pravitatis, and Eymerich’s Directorium inquisitorum, which are the fullest accounts of inquisitorial practice in the fourteenth century. It therefore concentrates on the Languedoc and Aragon, although wider evidence is used where possible. It points out several areas of change between these two points in the evolution of the inquisition: a) Gui’s Practica was a conservative response to a changing heresy threat, which adapted the existing methods of the successful Languedoc inquisition to meet new threats like the Beguins, Pseudo-Apostles and magicians. Eymerich, who came some 50 years later, was a systematizer and an innovator. He defined the inquisition in such a way that any heterodox thinking could be found to be heresy by an inquisitor. He also innovated in seeing the inquisition’s jurisdiction as extending over Jews (not just Jews converted to Christianity and their helpers), blasphemers and magicians. In this he was following secular trends where magicians were increasingly perceived as a problem and blasphemy was considered a serious offence; and in Aragon there had long been efforts amongst Dominicans to get more jurisdiction over Jews. b) Gui worked closely with the secular power and was cautious in his approach to the business of inquisition. Eymerich was more distant from the secular power and envisaged a more autonomous inquisition. c) Although Gui used torture on occasions, Eymerich made torture the default mechanism for resolving nearly all suspected cases of heresy. d) Gui’s inquisition was still a temporary expedient for defined heresies. Eymerich saw the inquisition as a permanent and institutional part of the Church, which would protect it against all doctrinal assault. In this he saw diabolic influences as playing an important role

A Reference Architecture Proposal for Secure Data Management in Mobile Health

Mobile health (mHealth) is becoming a prominent component of healthcare. As the border between wearable consumer devices and medical devices begins to thin, we extend the mHealth definition including sports, lifestyle, and wellbeing apps that may connect to smart bracelets and watches as well as medical device apps running on consumer platforms and dedicated connected medical devices. This trend raises security and privacy concerns, since these technologies collect data ubiquitously and continuously, both on the individual user and on the surroundings. Security issues include lack of authentication and authorization mechanisms, as well as insecure data transmission and storage. Privacy issues include users' lack of control on data flow, poor quality consent management, and limitations on the possibility to remain anonymous. In response to these threats, we propose an advanced reference platform, securing the use of wearables and mobile apps in the mHealth domains through citizens' active protection and information

Modelling and optimisation of the operation of a radiant warmer

This paper presents numerical calculations of the temperature field obtained for the case of a neonate placed under a radiant warmer. The results of the simulations show a very non-uniform temperature distribution on the skin of the neonate, which may cause increased evaporation leading to severe dehydration. For this reason, we propose some modifications on the geometry and operation of the radiant warmer, in order to make the temperature distribution more uniform and prevent the high temperature gradients observed on the surface of the neonate. It is concluded that placing a high conductivity blanket over the neonate and introducing additional screens along the side of the mattress, thus recovering the radiation heat escaping through the side boundaries, helped providing more uniform temperature fields.The European Union for the Marie Curie Fellowship grant awarded to the Centre for CFD, University of Leeds

Enrichment of clinical trials in MCI due to AD using markers of amyloid and neurodegeneration

Objective: To investigate the effect of enriching mild cognitive impairment (MCI) clinical trials using combined markers of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration. Methods: We evaluate an implementation of the recent National Institute for Aging–Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) diagnostic criteria for MCI due to Alzheimer disease (AD) as inclusion criteria in clinical trials and assess the effect of enrichment with amyloid (A+), neurodegeneration (N+), and their combination (A+N+) on the rate of clinical progression, required sample sizes, and estimates of trial time and cost. Results: Enrichment based on an individual marker (A+ or N+) substantially improves all assessed trial characteristics. Combined enrichment (A+N+) further improves these results with a reduction in required sample sizes by 45% to 60%, depending on the endpoint. Conclusions: Operationalizing the NIA-AA diagnostic criteria for clinical trial screening has the potential to substantially improve the statistical power of trials in MCI due to AD by identifying a more rapidly progressing patient population

An optimal ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field in the era of JWST: obscured star formation and the cosmic far-infrared background

We combine archival ALMA data targeting the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) to produce the deepest currently attainable 1-mm maps of this key, extragalactic survey field. Combining all existing data in Band 6, our deepest map covers 4.2arcmin^2, with a beamsize of 1.49"x1.07" at an effective frequency of 243GHz (1.23mm). It reaches an rms of 4.6uJy/beam, with 1.5arcmin^2 below 9.0uJy/beam, an improvement of >5% over the best previously published map and 50% improvement in some regions. We also make a wider, but shallower map, covering 25.4arcmin^2. We detect 45 galaxies in the deep map down to 3.6sigma, including 10 more 1-mm sources than previously detected. 38 of these galaxies have a JWST ID from the JADES NIRCam imaging and the new sources are typically faint and red. A stacking analysis on the positions of ALMA-undetected JADES galaxies yields detections for z<4 and stellar masses from 10^(8.4) to 10^(10.4)Msun, extracting 10% of additional stacked signal from our map compared to previous analyses. Detected sources and stacking contribute (10.0+/-0.5)Jy/deg^2 of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) at 1.23mm. Although this is short of the (uncertain) background level of about 20Jy/deg^2, after taking into account intrinsic fluctuations in the CIB, our measurement is consistent with the background if the HUDF is a mild (~2sigma) negative fluctuation. This suggests that within the HUDF, JWST may have detected essentially all of the galaxies that contribute to the CIB. Our stacking analysis predicts that the field contains around 60 additional galaxies with 1.23mm flux densities averaging around 15uJy, and over 300 galaxies at the few uJy level. However, the contribution of these fainter more modestly-obscured objects to the background is small, and converging, as anticipated from the now well-established strong correlation between galaxy stellar mass and obscured star formation.Comment: Submitted to MNRA