Evaluation Of Football Shoulder Pads

The development of sports protective equipment has been largely the result of trial and error and, with the exception of foot and head protective devices, has not involved the research process. Claims related to football shoulder pad innovations have not typically been supported by relevant objective data. The purpose of this study was to develop procedures and instrumentation for comparison of the effectiveness of shoulder pads. The most important criterion for protective effectiveness was considered to be the prevention of high peak pressures on body parts and tissues underneath the pads. Phase I of the study was designed to determine player perceptions of high-pressure sites following performance of drills on the field using a variety of pads. Phase II involved the development of instrumentation and procedures to directly measure pressure on sites identified in phase I during a controlled blocking drill simulating field conditions. Pressure measurements were taken using twelve pressure sensing resistors (0.6 mm thick and 12 mm in diameter) attached to selected sites underneath the pads. Signal conditioning circuity was developed to provide output from these transducers proportional to pressure. The output was routed to a digital computer via an analog-todigital interface board for subsequent analysis. The measurement system was used to evaluate six sets of shoulder pads representing the use of conventional, closed-cell foam and the use of open-cell foam (one and three layers) with an air management system. Four experienced subjects used each set of pads to hit a blocking dummy several times. Results were consistent with subjects' perceptions of areas of greatest pressure, indicating that: 1) greatest peak forces for all pads were received on the portion of the superior portion of the deltoid, acromion, and superior portion of the trapezius; and 2) pads using open-cell foam with an air management system were superior to pads using closed-cell foam in preventing high peak pressures. This study was partially supported by the Kansas State University Research Foundation

Research Progress Reports: Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Technology Division, Department of Horticulture [1967]

Evaluation of snap bean varieties for processing / Wilbur A. Gould and William Hildebolt -- Evaluation of various grape cultivars for processing. I. Table wines ; Recommended fruit varieties for canning and freezing / J. F. Gallander -- Evaluation of tomato varieties for processing / W. A. Gould, J. R. Geisman, C. S. Parrott, J. H. McClelland and W. N. Brown -- The effect of different levels of sugar and acid on the quality of apple fruit juice blends / James Gallander and Harold Stammer -- Epidermal sloughing of snap beans as influenced by processing variables / William Hildebolt and W. A. Gould -- Effect of stannous chloride on the color of glass packed kraut / J. R. Geisman -- Proteins and enzymes in the apple fruit in relation to variety and maturation ; Proteins and enzymes in tomato fruits / Robert L. Clements -- Effect of food additives on quality of canned tomatoes / Wilbur A. Gould -- Effects of selective herbicides on the composition and quality of tomatoes / W. A. Gould, J. R. Geisman, E. K. Alban and John Deppen -- Trace levels of pesticide residues in agricultural commodities in marketing channels / W. A. Gould, J. R. Geisman, E. K. Alban, John Deppen, and P. van Pottlesberghe -- Removal of DDT residues by unit operations in preparing and processing spinach / J. R. Geisman, John Deppen and Benita Yao -- The use of chlorine dioxide in handling and holding mechanically harvested tomatoes / J. R. Geisman, Winston D. Bash, Edwin Schmidt, Jr., Linda Hamrick and W. A. Gould -- Effect of mechanical harvesting and handling of tomatoes on quality of canned tomatoes / Wilbur A. Gould, J. R. Geisman, Edwin Schmidt, Jr., John McClelland and W. N. Brow

Evidence-based PET for thoracic tumours

AbstractFluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a robust imaging tool that is currently used in daily clinical practice for the evaluation of thoracic malignancies. This chapter provides an overview of the current evidence-based data on the usefulness of PET/CT for the evaluation of patients with thoracic tumours including lung cancer, pleural and thymic tumours, and esophageal cancer

L’union fait la force :traitement des troubles fonctionnels complexes à l’adolescence [Together we are stronger: management of complex functional disorders during adolescence]

Functional disorder during adolescence is a very complex problem too often limited to a psychological origin. Its pathogenesis remains unclear but it definitively associates individual and environmental factors. Recent data show anatomo-functional evidence of neural networks of the brain that is involved in pain and its psychological representation as well as the representation of pain in the body. We describe a holistic approach to manage functional disorders that include the family and promote adolescent centered care in order to reach a rapid and optimal rehabilitation

Cancer screening: the journey from epidemiology to policy.

PurposeCancer screening procedures have brought great benefit to the public's health. However, the science of cancer screening and the evidence arising from research in this field as it is applied to policy is complex and has been difficult to communicate, especially on the national stage. We explore how epidemiologists have contributed to this evidence base and to its translation into policy.MethodsOur essay focuses on breast and lung cancer screening to identify commonalities of experience by epidemiologists across two different cancer sites and describe how epidemiologists interact with evolving scientific and policy environments.ResultsWe describe the roles and challenges that epidemiologists encounter according to the maturity of the data, stakeholders, and the related political context. We also explore the unique position of cancer screening as influenced by the legislative landscape where, due to recent healthcare reform, cancer screening research plays directly into national policy.ConclusionsIn the complex landscape for cancer screening policy, epidemiologists can increase their impact by learning from past experiences, being well prepared and communicating effectively

Cancer screening: the journey from epidemiology to policy.

PurposeCancer screening procedures have brought great benefit to the public's health. However, the science of cancer screening and the evidence arising from research in this field as it is applied to policy is complex and has been difficult to communicate, especially on the national stage. We explore how epidemiologists have contributed to this evidence base and to its translation into policy.MethodsOur essay focuses on breast and lung cancer screening to identify commonalities of experience by epidemiologists across two different cancer sites and describe how epidemiologists interact with evolving scientific and policy environments.ResultsWe describe the roles and challenges that epidemiologists encounter according to the maturity of the data, stakeholders, and the related political context. We also explore the unique position of cancer screening as influenced by the legislative landscape where, due to recent healthcare reform, cancer screening research plays directly into national policy.ConclusionsIn the complex landscape for cancer screening policy, epidemiologists can increase their impact by learning from past experiences, being well prepared and communicating effectively

Adenosine Production by Biomaterial‐Supported Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduces the Innate Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

BackgroundDuring myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, there is extensive release of immunogenic metabolites that activate cells of the innate immune system. These include ATP and AMP, which upregulate chemotaxis, migration, and effector function of early infiltrating inflammatory cells. These cells subsequently drive further tissue devitalization. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a potential treatment modality for MI/R because of their powerful anti-inflammatory capabilities; however, the manner in which they regulate the acute inflammatory milieu requires further elucidation. CD73, an ecto-5-nucleotidase, may be critical in regulating inflammation by converting pro-inflammatory AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine. We hypothesized that MSC-mediated conversion of AMP into adenosine reduces inflammation in early MI/R, favoring a micro-environment that attenuates excessive innate immune cell activation and facilitates earlier cardiac recovery. Methods and ResultsAdult rats were subjected to 30minutes of MI/R injury. MSCs were encapsulated within a hydrogel vehicle and implanted onto the myocardium. A subset of MSCs were pretreated with the CD73 inhibitor, ,-methylene adenosine diphosphate, before implantation. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we found that MSCs increase myocardial adenosine availability following injury via CD73 activity. MSCs also reduce innate immune cell infiltration as measured by flow cytometry, and hydrogen peroxide formation as measured by Amplex Red assay. These effects were dependent on MSC-mediated CD73 activity. Finally, through echocardiography we found that CD73 activity on MSCs was critical to optimal protection of cardiac function following MI/R injury. ConclusionsMSC-mediated conversion of AMP to adenosine by CD73 exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect critical for cardiac recovery following MI/R injury.American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant [14SDG18530001]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH [T32HL007745]Open Access Journal; Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial LicenseThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]