FERTILISATION STRATEGIES ACROSS EUROPE: CURRENT SITUATION, POTENTIAL AND LIMITS FOR A HARMONISED APPROACH

Peer reviewe

Etude énergétique d'un canton de Grande Beauce du Loiret : Outarville

Study of energy in a small region (« grande Beauce) - Energy analysis in a small rural region: a tool for the control of energy consumption and for local organisation of biomass channels.L'analyse de l'énergie dans une petite région rurale : un outil pour le montage d'opérations de maîtrise de l'énergie et l'organisation locale de filières biomasse.Brondel F., Denoroy P. Etude énergétique d'un canton de Grande Beauce du Loiret : Outarville. In: Économie rurale. N°162, 1984. p. 7

Evolution d’après la Base Nationale d'analyses de terre des disponibilités en P, K et Mg entre les décennies 1994-2004 et 2005-2014

National audienc

Loss of C1 and C3 epinephrine‐synthesizing neurons in the medulla oblongata in parkinson's disease

We used immunohistochemical analysis to determine whether medulla oblongata neurons containing phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) are affected in patients who died with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 7) compared with age‐matched control subjects who died with nonneurological diseases (n = 8). Transverse sections (50μm) of medulla were prepared either for conventional neuropathological examination or for the immunohistochemical demonstration of PNMT. Immunopositive neurons at approximately 30 rostrocaudal levels, evenly spaced throughout the whole medulla, were mapped and cells in each section were counted with a camera lucida system linked to a computer. In the ventrolateral medulla, from the level of the obex to 11 mm rostral to the obex where the C1 group of neurons is located, there were 7,631 ± 844 PNMT‐positive neurons in control brains and 3,604 ± 1,051 in brains affected by Parkinson's disease (47% of control). Many PNMT‐positive neurons contained Lewy bodies. We observed a previously undescribed midline (C3) group of PNMT‐positive neurons in normal brains, and this group was also severely affected (12% of control) in parkinsonian brains. Neither the C2 group nor the small PNMT‐positive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii were significantly reduced in numbers but there was a reduction in the numbers of melanin‐pigmented cells in both the ventrolateral (50% of control) and the dorsomedial (79% of control) region. Our results demonstrate a selective loss of C1 and C3 PNMT‐positive neurons, providing the first quantitative evidence for damage to these presumed brainstem sympathetic premotor neurons in Parkinson's disease. These changes may underlie some of the autonomic symptoms occurring in this condition

Analysis of microdialysate monoamines including noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin using capillary ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection

International audienceElectrochemical methods are very often used to detect catecholamine and indolamine neurotransmitters separated by conventional reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The present paper presents the development of a chromatographic method to detect monoamines present in low-volume brain dialysis samples using a capillary column filled with sub-2 μm particles. Several parameters (repeatability, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection) for this new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method with electrochemical detection were examined after optimization of the analytical conditions. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and its metabolite 3-methoxytyramine were separated in 1 μL of injected sample volume; they were detected above concentrations of 0.5-1 nmol/L, with 2.1-9.5% accuracy and intra-assay repeatability equal to or less than 6%. The final method was applied to very low volume dialysates from rat brain containing monoamine traces. The study demonstrates that capillary UHPLC with electrochemical detection is suitable for monitoring dialysate monoamines collected at high sampling rate

Elicitin produced by an isolate of Phytophthora parasitica pathogenic to tobacco

International audienc