A quantum-like model for complementarity of preferences and beliefs in dilemma games

We propose a formal model to explain the mutual influence between observed behavior and subjects' elicited beliefs in an experimental sequential prisoner's dilemma. Three channels of interaction can be identified in the data set and we argue that two of these effects have a non-classical nature as shown, for example, by a violation of the sure thing principle. Our model explains the three effects by assuming preferences and beliefs in the game to be complementary. We employ non-orthogonal subspaces of beliefs in line with the literature on positive-operator valued measure. Statistical fit of the model reveals successful predictions

20 years of DIEAP flap breast reconstruction : a big data analysis

With every hospital admission, a vast amount of data is collected from every patient. Big data can help in data mining and processing of this volume of data. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential of big data analyses by analyzing clinically relevant data from the immediate postoperative phase using big data mining techniques. A second aim is to understand the importance of different postoperative parameters. We analyzed all data generated during the admission of 739 women undergoing a free DIEAP flap breast reconstruction. The patients' complete midcare nursing report, laboratory data, operative reports and drug schedule were examined (7,405,359 data points). The duration of anesthesia does not predict the need for revision. Low Red Blood cell Counts (3.53 x 10(6)/mu L versus 3.79 x 10(6)/mu L, p < 0.001) and a low MAP (MAP = 73.37 versus 76.62; p < 0.001) postoperatively are correlated with significantly more revisions. Different drugs (asthma/COPD medication, Butyrophenones) can also play a significant role in the success of the free flap. In a world that is becoming more data driven, there is a clear need for electronic medical records which are easy to use for the practitioner, nursing staff, and the researcher. Very large datasets can be used, and big data analysis allows a relatively easy and fast interpretation all this information

Subadditivity of episodic memory states: a complementarity approach

We will comment on a paper by Brainerd, C., Wang, Z. and Reyna, V. ([1]) in which they introduce the quantum episodic memory (QEM) model which models the subadditivity in the classical disjunction rule that the human episodic memory exhibits in an experiment concerning word remembrance, also described in their paper. After listing and generalizing some issues we have with their use of quantum techniques in this approach and showing that the QEM model actually yields classical probabilities, we will propose an alternative quantum technical model, in which we see dierent memory types as incompatible measurements on an agent. Next to subadditivity, we will discuss other quantum features such as order eects of our model and propose a new experiment to observe these. We will use this example to argue that quantum models with all relevant vectors orthogonal always have classical equivalents and that non-orthogonality is the most important distinction between classical and quantum models

Bohr complementarity in memory retrieval

International audienceWe comment on the use of the mathematical formalism of Quantum Mechanics in the analysis of the documented subadditivity phenomenon in human episodic memory. This approach was first proposed by Brainerd et al. in Brainerd et al. (2013). The subadditivity of probability in focus arises as a violation of the disjunction rule of Boolean algebra. This phenomenon is viewed as a consequence of the co-existence of two types of memory traces: verbatim and gist. Instead of assuming that verbatim and gist trace can combine into a coherent memory state of superposition as is done in the QEM model, we propose to model gist and verbatim traces as Bohr complementary properties of memory. In mathematical terms, we represent the two types of memory as alternative bases of one and the same Hilbert Space. We argue that, in contrast with the QEM model, our model appeals to the one essential distinction between classical and quantum models of reality namely the existence of incompatible but complementary properties of a system. This feature is also at the heart of the quantum cognition approach to mental phenomena. We sketch an experiment that could separate the two models. We next test our model with data from the same word list experiment as the one used by Brainerd et al. While our model entails significantly less degrees of freedom it yields a good fit to the experimental data