Does paranasal sinus development affect olfactory fossa depth and lateral lamella length?

Objectives: To investigate the olfactory fossa depths and lateral lamella lengths of patients with different types of developmental disorders of paranasal sinuses in comparison with normal controls. Study Design: Retrospective, archival, radio-anatomical study. Methods: We included 58 patients with maxillary sinus hypoplasia, 50 patients with frontal sinus hypoplasia/aplasia, 50 patients with sphenoid sinus hypoplasia/aplasia, and 40 normal controls. Reviewing paranasal computerized tomography scans, we noted the olfactory fossa depths and lateral lamella lengths of all the groups and compared between the hypoplasia groups and the control group. Results: Compared with the normal controls, the maxillary hypoplasia group (P < 0.001), frontal hypoplasia/aplasia group (P = 0.004), and sphenoid hypoplasia/aplasia group had significantly deeper olfactory fossa (P = 0.003). The mean lateral lamella lengths in the type 1, type 2, and type 3 hypoplastic maxillary sinus groups were significantly greater compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean lateral lamella lengths in the hypoplastic frontal sinus, aplastic frontal sinus, and hypoplastic sphenoid sinus groups were significantly greater compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The patients with pneumatization defects of the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses had deeper olfactory fossa and longer lateral lamella related to increased risk of skull base injury during endoscopic sinus surgery. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 2019. © 2019 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc

Is Nasal Septal Body Size Associated With Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy and Allergic Rhinitis?

Özkan, Deniz ( Aksaray, Yazar )Nasal septal body is a thickened mucosal area of nasal septum with an unknown certain role. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the association between the area, length, and width of the nasal septal body with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) and allergic rhinitis (AR). A total of 106 patients with ITH (54 with AR and 52 without AR), and 49 patients without ITH and AR (control group) were included in this study. Using axial and coronal paranasal computed tomography scans, the area, length, and width of nasal septal body were measured, and the mean values between the groups were compared. Mean area, length, and width of nasal septal body significantly differed among 3 groups (P < 0.001). Septal body area was significantly greater in ITH with AR group, compared to ITH without AR group (P < 0.001) and the control group (P < 0.001). Also, it was significantly greater in ITH without AR group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Septal body width was significantly greater in ITH with AR group, compared to ITH without AR group (P < 0.001) and the control group (P < 0.001). Also, it was significantly greater in ITH without AR group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Patients with ITH had a greater nasal septal body area, length, and width, compared to the patients without. Moreover, AR had an additional increasing effect on the area and width of the nasal septal body

Delayed Interval Delivery of the Second Twin: A Case Report

A 27 y ear old women at 23+1 weeks twin gestation deliv ered the f irst f etus. The umblical cord was ligated and the placenta was left in situ. No cerclage was applied. She was administered intravenous antibiotics and ritodrine. The second twin was deliv ered after 23 days of the delivery of the f irst f etus. Bedrest, prophy lactic antibiotics with or without cerclage and non-aggressive tocolysis is reasonable f or delay ing the deliv ery of the second twin with chorioamnionitis

Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy or Sacrohysteropexy with or Without Burch Colposuspension: The Results of 36 Patients in Our Clinic

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the results and the effectivity of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy or sacrohisteropexy with or without Burch colposuspension in pelvic organ prolapse with or wihout urinary incontinence patients in our clinic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 2011 to January 2015 we performed laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy or sacrohysteropexy with or without Burch colposuspension for pelvic organ prolapse in 36 selected patients. Demographic and clinical data, intraoperative findings and postoperative course were recorded. POP-Q examination was used for pelvic prolapsed patients. Burch colposuspension was added to patients if they had stress urinary incontinence proven with physically examination and urodinamic tests. Twenty two patients underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy or sacrohysteropexy and 14 patients underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy or sacrohysteropexy with Burch colposuspension. RESULTS: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy without Burch colposuspension (Group 1) (n=22) group’s mean operation time and the mean blood loss were 51.1±11.8 minutes (range: 40-85 min.) and 39.3±13.9 cc (range: 30-70 cc) respectively. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension (Group 2) (n=14) group’s mean operation time and the mean blood loss were 88.5±13.5 minutes (range: 85-100 min.) and 65.0±11.0 (range: 60-80 cc) respectively (for mean operation time p=<0.001, for mean blood loss p=<0.001). Nine of the patients had operations with uterus preservation. All patients were discharged the following day. In Group 2 two patients developed denovo detrusor instability and improved with the administration of oxybutynin. In group 1 postoperatively, 8 patients developed denovo urinary incontinence. In the treatment of this condition we have added two patients Burch colposuspension operations, 6 patients underwent transobturatuar tape TOT. Two patients did not want to have reoperations, they received medical treatment. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy or sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension offer minimally invasive approaches and excellent definitive treatment option for patients with pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence with long-term success rates ranging from 93-99%. In our study, our data shows that laparoscopic approaches for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence effective in hysterectomized or non-hysterectomized patients. Long-term prospective studies may provide additional useful data for these procedures

Blue-colored sweating: four infants with apocrine chromhidrosis

Apocrine chromhidrosis is a very rare, idiopathic disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the secretion of colored sweat. Because hormonal induction increases sweating, the symptoms of apocrine chromhidrosis usually begin after puberty. Although treatment may not be necessary in some cases, capsaicin cream and 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution have been successfully used to treat patients requiring intervention. Here we report four cases with apocrine chromhidrosis. To the best of our knowledge, our patients are the youngest cases reported in the literature.Apocrine chromhidrosis is a very rare, idiopathic disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the secretion of colored sweat. Because hormonal induction increases sweating, the symptoms of apocrine chromhidrosis usually begin after puberty. Although treatment may not be necessary in some cases, capsaicin cream and 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution have been successfully used to treat patients requiring intervention. Here we report four cases with apocrine chromhidrosis. To the best of our knowledge, our patients are the youngest cases reported in the literature

Image1_Cannabinoid compounds in combination with curcumin and piperine display an anti-tumorigenic effect against colon cancer cells.JPEG

Currently, use of cannabinoids is limited to improve adverse effects of chemotherapy and their palliative administration during treatment is curiously concomitant with improved prognosis and regressed progression in patients with different tumor types. Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. Both clinical and epidemiological evidence supported by experimental findings suggest that micronutrients such as curcumin and piperine may present a safer strategy in preventing tumorigenesis and its recurrence. Recent studies demonstrated that piperine potentiates curcumin’s inhibitory effect on tumor progression via enhancing its delivery and therapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated a plausible therapeutic synergism of a triple combination of CBD/CBG, curcumin, and piperine in the colon adenocarcinoma using HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line.</p

The Effect of Cord Blood Bile Acid Levels on the Meconium Passage in Utero in Normal Pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bile acids on meconium passage in utero in normal pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective case control study was performed at Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health and Teaching Hospital between September 1, 2010 and January 1, 2011. Inclusion criteria were: singleton viable pregnancy, gestational age ≥37 weeks. Exclusion criteria were: presence of any maternal disease, obstetric cholestasis, hepatic infections and multiple pregnancies. Sixty one pregnant women were recruited for the study: 31 women with meconium stained amnion liquid and 30 women with normal amnion liquid. Demographic data and clinical data were collected. Each patient’s cord blood gases, cord blood bile acids levels, maternal serum liver function tests and bilirubin levels were investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age, parity and body mass index. We found no differences in the serum bilirubin levels and liver function tests. And there were also no differences in the cord blood gas values between the two groups. The mode of delivery was significantly different between the two groups. We didn’t find a statistically significant difference in cord blood bile acid levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Cord blood bile acid levels appeared to have no significant effect of meconium passage in normal pregnancies

Impact of silencing eEF2K expression on the malignant properties of chordoma

Background: Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase, eEF2K) is a calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase that keeps the highest energy consuming cellular process of protein synthesis under check through negative regulation. eEF2K pauses global protein synthesis rates at the translational elongation step by phosphorylating its only kown substrate elongation factor 2 (eEF2), a unique translocase activity in ekaryotic cells enabling the polypeptide chain elongation. Therefore, eEF2K is thought to preserve cellular energy pools particularly upon acute development of cellular stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, or infections. Recently, high expression of this enzyme has been associated with poor prognosis in an array of solid tumor types. Therefore, in a growing number of studies tremendous effort is being directed to the development of treatment methods aiming to suppress eEF2K as a novel therapeutic approach in the fight against cancer. Methods: In our study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the tumorigenicity of chordoma cells in presence of gene silencing for eEF2K. Taking a transient gene silencing approach using siRNA particles, eEF2K gene expression was suppressed in chordoma cells. Results: Silencing eEF2K expression was associated with a slight increase in cellular proliferation and a decrease in death rates. Furthermore, no alteration in the sensitivity of chordoma cells to chemotherapy was detected in response to the decrease in eEF2K expression which intriguingly promoted suppression of cell migratory and invasion related properties. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the loss of eEF2K expression in chordoma cell lines results in the reduction of metastatic capacity