4,375 research outputs found
Taxation of social media advertisements
Today, the use of Internet and in particular social media as advertising tools brings the question of how the advertisement in social media should be taxed. This is not only seen as a problem in our country, but in the international platform as well.
In the first part of the study, the definition of social media is given; in the second part, Social Media Brand Communities and Fun Pages are discussed; in the third part, a comparison of Social Media Con- tents and Public Goods, Global Public Goods and Club Goods is made; in the fourth part that Conclusion and Suggestions how social media is taxed is discussed
On Stability of Dynamic Equations on Time Scales Via Dichotomic Maps
Dichotomic maps are used to check the stability of ordinary differential equations and difference equations. In this paper, this method is extended to dynamic equations on time scales; the stability and asymptotic stability to the trivial solution of the first order system of dynamic equations are examined using dichotomic and strictly dichotomic maps. This method, in dynamic equations, also involves Lyapunov’s direct method
Comparison of calcareous replacement hemiarthroplasty and proximal femoral nail in elderly ıntertrochanteric femur fractures
Background: In this study, a retrospective evaluation was made of patients aged 70 years and over who were applied with proximal-femoral nail (PFN) or calcareous replacement cemented hemiarthroplasty in respect of early and late-stage morbidity and mortality and functional personal independence.
Methods: The study included a total of 77 patients aged over 70 years with an AO type 31-A1 or 31-A2 fracture. The patients were separated into two groups as those applied with proximal femoral nailing and those applied with calcar replacement hemiarthroplasty. Statistical comparison was made of the groups in respect of preoperative age, comorbidities, type of anaesthesia, ASA score, and fracture type, and postoperative amount of blood loss, albumin decrease, wound complications, other complications, Harris hip functional scores, Barthel daily living activity index, mortality rates.
Results: The two groups were found to be similar in respect of age, gender, comorbidities, AO fracture type and type of anaesthesia. The operating time was shorter in the proximal femoral nailing group. The Harris hip scores and the Barthel daily living activity ındex values were similar in both groups. Rates of wound infection were higher in the hemiarthroplasty group. Mortality rates at one month, six months and one year were similar in both groups.
Conclusions: Proximal femoral nailing can be one of the primary treatment options for intertrochanteric hip fractures in the elderly. Furthermore, although functional results and mortality rates are similar, as cemented calcar replacement hemiarthroplasty has serious life-threatening complications, it should not be the first choice of treatment method
Adaptive Convolution Kernel for Artificial Neural Networks
Many deep neural networks are built by using stacked convolutional layers of
fixed and single size (often 33) kernels. This paper describes a method
for training the size of convolutional kernels to provide varying size kernels
in a single layer. The method utilizes a differentiable, and therefore
backpropagation-trainable Gaussian envelope which can grow or shrink in a base
grid. Our experiments compared the proposed adaptive layers to ordinary
convolution layers in a simple two-layer network, a deeper residual network,
and a U-Net architecture. The results in the popular image classification
datasets such as MNIST, MNIST-CLUTTERED, CIFAR-10, Fashion, and ``Faces in the
Wild'' showed that the adaptive kernels can provide statistically significant
improvements on ordinary convolution kernels. A segmentation experiment in the
Oxford-Pets dataset demonstrated that replacing a single ordinary convolution
layer in a U-shaped network with a single 77 adaptive layer can improve
its learning performance and ability to generalize.Comment: 25 page
Distributed Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding over a Multiple Access Channel
We consider distributed image transmission over a noisy multiple access
channel (MAC) using deep joint source-channel coding (DeepJSCC). It is known
that Shannon's separation theorem holds when transmitting independent sources
over a MAC in the asymptotic infinite block length regime. However, we are
interested in the practical finite block length regime, in which case separate
source and channel coding is known to be suboptimal. We introduce a novel joint
image compression and transmission scheme, where the devices send their
compressed image representations in a non-orthogonal manner. While
non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is known to achieve the capacity region,
to the best of our knowledge, non-orthogonal joint source channel coding (JSCC)
scheme for practical systems has not been studied before. Through extensive
experiments, we show significant improvements in terms of the quality of the
reconstructed images compared to orthogonal transmission employing current
DeepJSCC approaches particularly for low bandwidth ratios. We publicly share
source code to facilitate further research and reproducibility.Comment: To appear in IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
202
Electrical spin injection from an organic-based ferrimagnet in a hybrid organic/inorganic heterostructure
We report the successful extraction of spin polarized current from the
organic-based room temperature ferrimagnetic semiconductor V[TCNE]x (x~2, TCNE:
tetracyanoethylene; TC ~ 400 K, EG ~ 0.5 eV, s ~ 10-2 S/cm) and its subsequent
injection into a GaAs/AlGaAs light-emitting diode (LED). The spin current
tracks the magnetization of V[TCNE]x~2, is weakly temperature dependent, and
exhibits heavy hole / light hole asymmetry. This result has implications for
room temperature spintronics and the use of inorganic materials to probe spin
physics in organic and molecular systems
Room temperature large-area nanoimprinting for broadband biomimetic antireflection surfaces
Cataloged from PDF version of article.Ordered arrays of subwavelength hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) nanorods on glass substrates are fabricated using room temperature nanoimprint lithography and anodized aluminum oxide membranes. Moth-eye type nanorod arrays exhibited superior omnidirectional antireflection characteristics in visible wavelengths. The ellipsometric measurements revealed that average specular reflection is remaining below 1% up to 55 degrees incidence angles. Transmission measurements at normal incidence resulted in significant increase in transmitted light intensity with respect to plain glass. Simulations showed that up to 99% transmission could be obtained from double sided tapered HSQ nanorod arrays on HSQ thin film and glass substrates. Achieving large-area, broadband and omnidirectional antireflective surfaces on glass pave the way for applications including photovoltaics. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3657766
Volumetric and three-dimensional examination of sella turcica by cone-beam computed tomography: reference data for guidance to pathologic pituitary morphology
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the dimensions and volume of sella turcica in healthy Caucasian adults with normal occlusion and facial appearance from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Materials and methods: CBCT images of 80 Caucasian adult patients (40 males, 40 females) with normal facial appearance and occlusion taken previously for diagnostic purposes were evaluated. Two groups were constructed in accordance to gender. The volume, length, diameter, and depth of the sella turcica were measured by Romexis software programme. Mann-Whitney U test and Independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean lengths of the sella were 9.9 mm and 10.2 mm, depths were 9.2 mm and 8.8 mm and diameters were 12.3 mm and 12.1 mm in female and male groups, respectively. Between the genders, no statistically significant differences were found for any of the measurements. There were significantly higher values for the volume of sella turcica in males than in females (1102 ± 285.3 mm3 and 951.3 ± 278.5 mm3, respectively).
Conclusions: The dimensions of sella turcica in healthy Caucasian adults with normal occlusion and facial appearance revealed nonsignificant differences between the genders. Individual variability in dimensions and gender differences in the volume are of importance in comparison of patients with craniofacial syndromes and aberrations. Knowledge concerning the dimensions and volume of sella turcica will be clinically relevant for a guidance to consciously realize pituitary disorders
Distributed Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding with Decoder-Only Side Information
We consider low-latency image transmission over a noisy wireless channel when
correlated side information is present only at the receiver side (the Wyner-Ziv
scenario). In particular, we are interested in developing practical schemes
using a data-driven joint source-channel coding (JSCC) approach, which has been
previously shown to outperform conventional separation-based approaches in the
practical finite blocklength regimes, and to provide graceful degradation with
channel quality. We propose a novel neural network architecture that
incorporates the decoder-only side information at multiple stages at the
receiver side. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method succeeds in
integrating the side information, yielding improved performance at all channel
noise levels in terms of the various distortion criteria considered here,
especially at low channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and small bandwidth
ratios (BRs). We also provide the source code of the proposed method to enable
further research and reproducibility of the results.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
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