FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES

To ensure the sustainable economic development of Ukraine important to study and introduction of international experience of small and medium enterprises, which directly determines the degree of development of the economy as a whole. Thus, in the EU small and medium-sized businesses account for about 90% of the total number of enterprises. Implementation small and medium-sized businesses its substantial economic and social role is only possible with sound public policy full support for this sector.Assistance and support SME is an independent component of public policy in many countries. Therefore, there are special state (government) authorities (coordination) and support for small and medium businesses.Key words: investment, innovation, small and medium-sized businesses, the economy

Determination of the parameters of the scheme of substitution of the anchor winding of the inductive supexciter of the combined multifunctional brushless exciter

The picture of the magnetic field of scattering and mutual induction of the anchor winding of the exciter for the three types of configuration of the tooth-groove layer is considered. The inductive resistance is calculated for the entire phase

ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ В ЛІКУВАННІ НОВОНАРОДЖЕНИХ ДІТЕЙ У ВІДДІЛЕННІ ІНТЕНСИВНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ

The aim of the study – to establish the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract of newborn patients and to determine its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Materials and Methods. A microbiological study of cultures from the upper respiratory tract and determination of the sensitivity of the microflora to antibacterial drugs in 201 patients who were hospitalized and treated in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of Newborns of the City Children’s Hospital No. 5 in Zaporizhzhia. The studies were performed during the hospitalization of the patient to the department, then inoculations were performed every 7 days. Results and Discussion. Sufficient sensitivity of Gram-positive microorganisms, which prevailed in inoculation at all stages of the study, was found to vancomycin, some carbopenems, linezolid, clindamycin throughout the study. The study of Gram-negative microflora sensitivity to antibiotics revealed a high sensitivity to modern protected penicillins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and in the study of sensitivity in repeated inoculations, repeated susceptibility was observed to carbapenems, aminoglycosides. Conclusions. Gram-positive microorganisms predominated in microbiological studies, both in hospitalization and in secondary studies. The use of antibacterial therapy taking into account the sensitivity of the flora is the key to faster improvement of clinical and biological parameters of the patient and, as a consequence, reduce the length of stay in the intensive care unit.Цель исследования – установить количественный и качественный состав микрофлоры верхних дыхательных путей новорожденных пациентов и определить чувствительность ее к антибактериальным препаратам. Материалы и методы. Проведено микробиологическое исследование посевов с верхних дыхательных путей и определение чувствительности микрофлоры к антибактериальным препаратам у 201 пациента, которые были госпитализированы и пролечены в отделении анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии новорожденных детей КНП «Городская детская больница № 5 Запорожского городского совета». Исследования проводились при госпитализации больного в отделение, в дальнейшем посевы проводились каждые 7 дней. Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Была обнаружена достаточная чувствительность грамположительных микроорганизмов, которые преобладали в посевах на всех этапах исследования, к ванкомицину, некоторым карбапенемам, линезолиду, клиндамицину на протяжении всего исследования. При исследовании чувствительности граммотрицательной микрофлоры к антибиотикам выявилась высокая чувствительность к современным защищенным пенициллинам, карбапенемам, аминогликозидам, фторхинолонам, а при исследовании чувствительности в повторных посевах из верхних дыхательных путей пациентов установлено, что достаточно высокая чувствительность сохраняется к карбапенемам и аминогликозидам. Выводы. Граммположительные микроорганизмы преобладали в микробиологических исследованиях как при поступлении, так и при вторичных исследованиях. Применение антибактериальной терапии с учетом чувствительности флоры является залогом более скорого улучшения клинико-биологических показателей пациента и, как следствие, сокращения срока пребывания в отделении интенсивной терапии.Мета дослідження – встановити кількісний і якісний склад мікрофлори верхніх дихальних шляхів новонароджених пацієнтів та визначити чутливість її до антибактеріальних препаратів. Матеріали та методи. Проведено мікробіологічне дослідження посівів із верхніх дихальних шляхів та визначення чутливості мікрофлори до антибактеріальних препаратів у 201 пацієнта, які були госпіталізовані та проліковані у відділенні анестезіології та інтенсивної терапії новонароджених дітей КНП «Міська дитяча лікарня № 5 Запорізької міської ради». Дослідження проводились при госпіталізації хворого до відділення, надалі посiви здійснювали кожні 7 днів. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Достатню чутливість грампозитивних мікроорганізмів, які переважали в посівах на всіх етапах дослідження, виявили до ванкомiцину, деяких карбапенемів, лiнезолiду, кліндаміцину протягом всього дослідження. При дослiдженнi чутливості грамнегативної мікрофлори до антибіотиків виявилась висока чутливість до сучасних захищених пеніцилінів, карбапенемів, аміноглiкозидiв, фторхiнолонiв, а при вивченні чутливості у повторних посівах із верхніх дихальних шляхів пацієнтів виявлено, що досить висока чутливість зберігається до карбапенемів та аміноглікозідів. Висновки. Грампозитивні мікроорганізми переважали в мікробіологічних дослідженнях як при госпіталізації, так і при вторинних дослідженнях. Застосування антибактеріальної терапії з урахуванням чутливості флори є запорукою швидшого покращення клініко-біологічних показників пацієнта і, як наслідок, скорочення терміну перебування у відділенні інтенсивної терапії

GEOMETRY OF RECENT RUPTURE ZONE AT СAPE RYTYI BASED ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (NORTHWESTERN COAST OF LAKE BAIKAL)

In here, we present the results of the GPR study of the modern rupture zone discovered earlier in the periphery of the Rita River delta flowing into Lake Baikal. The research was aimed at subsurface imaging of dislocation geometry using the Logis-Geotech OKO-2 radar equipped with the ABDL Triton antenna. As a result, the characterizations have been obtained for six 73 to 197 m long profiles across the rupture zone. All disturbances visible on the aerial photography materials are highlighted on the radargrams by the oblique reflection event due to a decrease in the signal amplitude. The rupture zone has two large segments – northeastern and submeridional, – which differ in zone width, number of discontinuities, dip angles, and displacement amounts. The deformation features can be attributed to different amounts of a plastic loamy aggregate of coarse deposits in different parts of the Rita River delta that is indirectly confirmed by weaker signal amplitudes on the northeastern segment. Based on present and previous studies, we proposed that the M=5.2 earthquake occurred on August 13, 1962, in Lake Baikal initiated the gravitational sinking in the Rita river delta edge by subsidence along gently sloped rupture surfaces on one segment and along steeply sloped ones on the other. It is necessary to identify and monitor such phenomena to prevent the development of emergencies associated with the collapse of the coasts of large water reservoirs

Contribution of α2\alpha^2-terms to the total interaction cross sections of relativistic elementary atoms with atoms of matter

It is shown that the corrections of $\alpha^2$ order to the total cross sections for interaction of elementary hydrogen-like atoms with target atoms, reported in the previously published paper [S.Mrowczynski, Phys.Rev. D36, 1520 (1987)], do not include some terms of the same order of magnitude. That results in a significant contribution of these corrections in particular cases. The full $\alpha^2$-corrections have been derived and it is shown that they are really small and could be omitted for most practical applications.Comment: 5 page

Discovery of an unusual bright eclipsing binary with the longest known period: TYC 2505-672-1 / MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8

We report on the MASTER Global Robotic Net discovery of an eclipsing binary, MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8, previously known as unremarkable star TYC 2505-672-1, which displays extreme orbital parameters. The orbital period P=69.1 yr is more than 2.5 times longer than that of epsilon-Aurigae, which is the previous record holder. The light curve is characterized by an extremely deep total eclipse with a depth of more than 4.5 mag, which is symmetrically shaped and has a total duration of 3.5 yrs. The eclipse is essentially gray. The spectra acquired with the Russian 6 m BTA telescope both at minimum and maximum light mainly correspond to an M0-1III--type red giant, but the spectra taken at the bottom of eclipse show small traces of a sufficiently hot source. The observed properties of this system can be better explained as the red giant eclipsed by a large cloud (the disk) of small particles surrounding the invisible secondary companion.Comment: 8 figures, 9 pages, Astronomy and astrophysics in prin

Muon pair creation from positronium in a circularly polarized laser field

We study elementary particle reactions that result from the interaction of an atomic system with a very intense laser wave of circular polarization. As a specific example, we calculate the rate for the laser-driven reaction $e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^-$, where the electron and positron originate from a positronium atom or, alternatively, from a nonrelativistic $e^+e^-$ plasma. We distinguish accordingly between the coherent and incoherent channels of the process. Apart from numerical calculations, we derive by analytical means compact formulas for the corresponding reaction rates. The rate for the coherent channel in a laser field of circular polarization is shown to be damped because of the destructive interference of the partial waves that constitute the positronium ground-state wave packet. Conditions for the observation of the process via the dominant incoherent channel in a circularly polarized field are pointed out

Nerve growth factor and post-infarction cardiac remodeling

The prevalence of sudden death from chronic heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction is a complex problem in cardiology. Post-infarction cardiac remodeling occurs after myocardial infarction. This compensatory-adaptive reaction, regulated by mechanical, neurohumoral and genetic factors, includes the structural and functional changes of cardiomyocytes, stromal elements and extracellular matrix, geometry and architectonics of the left ventricular cavity. Adverse left ventricular remodeling is associated with heart failure and increased mortality. The concept of post-infarction cardiac remodeling is an urgent problem, since the mechanisms of development and progression of adverse post-infarction changes in the myocardium are completely unexplored. In recent years, the scientist attention has been focused on neurotrophic factors involved in the sympathetic nervous system and the vascular system remodeling after myocardial infarction. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein from the neurotrophin family that is essential for the survival and development of sympathetic and sensory neurons, which also plays an important role in vasculogenesis. Acute myocardial infarction and heart failure are characterized by changes in the expression and activity of neurotrophic factors and their receptors, affecting the innervation of the heart muscle, as well as having a direct effect on cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle vascular cells. The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between cardiomyocytes and neurons, as well as the study of the effects of NGF in the cardiovascular system, will improve understanding of the cardiac remodeling mechanism. This review summarizes the available scientific information (2019–2021) about mechanisms of the link between post-infarction cardiac remodeling and NGF functions

Аtypical nonsecreting medullar thyroidal carcinoma

Аtypical nonsecreting medullar thyroidal carcinom

Cytokines and HIF-1α as dysregulation factors of migration and differentiation of monocyte progenitor cells of endotheliocytes in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy

Background. Angiogenic endothelial dysfunction and progenitor endothelial cells (EPCs) in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) have not been studied enough.The aim. To establish the nature of changes in the cytokine profile and HIF-1α in blood and bone marrow associated with impaired differentiation of monocytic progenitor cells of endotheliocytes (CD14+VEGFR2+) in the bone marrow and their migration into the blood in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), suffering and not suffering from ICMP.Materials and methods. A single-stage, single-centre, observational case-control study was conducted involving 74 patients with CHD, suffering and not suffering from ICMP (30 and 44 people, respectively), and 25 healthy donors. In patients with CHD, bone marrow was obtained during coronary bypass surgery, peripheral blood – before surgery. Healthy donors were taken peripheral blood. The number of CD14+VEGFR2+ in bone marrow and blood was determined by flow cytometry; the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, M-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and HIF-1α – by the method of enzyme immunoassay.Results. A high content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of patients with CHD without cardiomyopathy was established relative to patients with ICMP against the background of a comparable number of these cells in myeloid tissue. Regardless of the presence of ICMP in the blood, patients with CHD showed an excess of TNF-α, a normal concentration of IL-6, GM-CSF, HIF-1α and a deficiency of M-CSF, and in the bone marrow supernatant, the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α exceeded that in the blood plasma (the level of GM-CSF – only in patients without cardiomyopathy). With ICMP, the normal concentration of MCP-1 was determined in the blood plasma, and with CHD without cardiomyopathy, its elevated content was determined.Conclusion. The formation of ICMP is accompanied by insufficient activation of EPCs migration with the CD14+VEGFR2+ phenotype in blood without disruption of their differentiation in the bone marrow, which associated with the absence of an increase in the concentration of MCP-1 in blood plasma and not associated with the plasma content of M-CSF, GM-CSF, HIF-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α