JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNIDADE E DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar as possibilidades e os limites do modelo da democracia deliberativa, tendo por base a construção teórica de um de seus principais autores, Jürgen Habermas. Partindo da tese habermasiana de que a modernidade é um processo inacabado, o artigo analisa o paradigma da democracia deliberativa traçado pelo autor, buscando discutir em que medida ele contribui com o desenvolvimento do uso público da razão e com o fortalecimento da legitimidade nas sociedades políticas contemporâneas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: democracia, deliberação, participação política, razão pública, legitimidade. JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNITY AND DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY Denise Vitale The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities and the limits of the deliberative democracy model, based on one of its main authors’, Jürgen Habermas, theoretical construct. Beginning with the habermasian theory that modernity is an unfinished process, this paper analyzes the paradigm of deliberative democracy drawn by the author, aiming to discuss in what measure he contributes to the development of the public use of reason and with the strengthening of legitimacy in contemporary political societies. KEYWORDS: democracy, deliberation, political participation, public reason, legitimacy. JÜRGEN HABERMAS, MODERNITÉ ET DÉMOCRATIE DÉLIBÉRATIVE Denise Vitale L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les possibilités et les limites du modèle de la démocratie délibérative en se basant sur la construction théorique de l’un de ses principaux auteurs, Jürgen Habermas. Partant de la thèse habermasienne qui dit que la modernité est un processus inachevé, l’article analyse le paradigme de la démocratie délibérative tracé par l’auteur afin de discuter dans quelle mesure celui-ci a contribué au développement de l’usage public de la raison et au renforcement de la légitimité dans les sociétés politiques contemporaines. MOTS-CLÉS: démocratie, délibération, participation politique, raison publique, légitimité. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

Luogo e identità: comprendere il Genius Loci, Place and identity. Conceiving the Genius Loci

The Genius Loci sinks roots in the classical era, where the Genius was everyday part of everyday life. This paper is an attempt to capture the true sense of the Genius figure analyzing verses from authors who have written about it and reporting some iconographic illustrations. There are a lot of literary sources and different interpretations, and these are often contradictory. Today this locution is used in various contexts, however we can recognize the Genius Loci in some places and cities, and it can remain in our memories. Someone could make a transposition between Genius and place, because just as devastating a place could antagonise the Genius Loci, in the same way when the soil of a territory is overused, depriving it of its resources, and when the relationships between location and morphology are neither understood nor respected, there is a risk that it will rebel, giving rise to natural phenomena of no small consequenc

REPENSANDO O ESPAÇO PÚBLICO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: Hannah Arendt, 60 anos depois de A condição humana

Este ensaio reflete sobre a ideia de espaço público no pensamento de Hannah Arendt, tal como apresentada em A condição humana, elaborando sobre a pandemia de Covid-19, ocorrida no ano de 2020. O artigo a toma como uma experiência que nos convida a pensar as reconfigurações do espaço (e do tempo) olhando para o esvaziamento das cidades, a paralisação da economia, a circulação de notícias falsas e o revigoramento de certas formas de interação. Entendemos que Arendt nos fornece elementos para pensar os desafios postos pela pandemia.Palavras-Chave: Vida Ativa; Espaço Público; Pluralidade; Pandemia; Teoria PolíticaRETHINKING THE PUBLIC SPACE IN PANDEMIC TIMES: Hannah Arendt, 60 years after the publication of The human conditionABSTRACTThis paper analysis Hannah Arendt´s concept of public space, as presented on The human condition, drawing on the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on this experience, which invites us to think about the reconfigurations on space (and time), looking at the emptiness of the cities, the haltof economy, the circulation of fake news and the strength of certain kinds of interactions. Arendt offers good arguments to think the pandemic challenges.Key words: Vita Activa; Public Space; Plurality; Pandemic; Political TheoryREPENSER L’ESPACE PUBLIC EN TEMPS PANDÉMIQUE: Hannah Arendt, 60 ans après La condition humaineABSTRACTCet essai réfléchit sur l’idée d’espace public dans la pensée d’Hannah Arendt telle que présentée dans La condition de l’homme moderne. Nous allons reprendre les concepts d’Arendt en élaborant sur La pandémie de Covid-19, 2020. L’essai prend la pandémie comme une experience qui invite à réfléchir aux reconfigurations de l’espace (et du temps) enregardant le vidage des villes, la paralysie de l’économie, la circulation de fake news et la redynamisation de certaines formes d’interaction. Nous comprenons que Arendt fournit des elements pour réfléchir aux défis posés par lapandémie et pour imaginer le passage du monde qu’il n’est plus au monde qui n’est pas encore.Key words: Vita activa; Space public; Pluralité; Pandémie; Theorie politique 

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file