Relevance of DNA Alkylation Damage Repair Systems in Salmonella enterica Virulence▿

Systematic inactivation of pathways involved in DNA alkylation damage repair demonstrated that inactivation of the ada, ogt, tag, uvrA, and mfd genes is required to detect a Salmonella enterica virulence decrease. Furthermore, the fitness of S. enterica, defective in these genes, is lowered only when the bacterium is orally, but not intraperitoneally, inoculated

Genomics of Three New Bacteriophages Useful in the Biocontrol of Salmonella

Non-typhoid Salmonella is the principal pathogen related to food-borne diseases throughout the world. Widespread antibiotic resistance has adversely affected human health and has encouraged the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. The advances in bacteriophage therapy highlight their use in controlling a broad spectrum of food-borne pathogens. One requirement for the use of bacteriophages as antibacterials is the characterization of their genomes. In this work, complete genome sequencing and molecular analyses were carried out for three new virulent Salmonella-specific bacteriophages (UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87) able to infect a broad range of Salmonella strains. Sequence analysis of the genomes of UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87 bacteriophages did not evidence the presence of known virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes, and potential immunoreactive food allergens. The UAB_Phi20 genome comprised 41,809 base pairs with 80 open reading frames (ORFs); 24 of them with assigned function. Genome sequence showed a high homology of UAB_Phi20 with Salmonella bacteriophage P22 and other P22likeviruses genus of the Podoviridae family, including ST64T and ST104. The DNA of UAB_Phi78 contained 44,110 bp including direct terminal repeats of 179 bp and 58 putative ORFs were predicted and 20 were assigned function. This bacteriophage was assigned to the SP6likeviruses genus of the Podoviridae family based on its high similarity not only with SP6 but also with the K1-5, K1E, and K1F bacteriophages, all of which infect Escherichia coli. The UAB_Phi87 genome sequence consisted of 87,669 bp with terminal direct repeats of 608 bp; although 148 ORFs were identified, putative functions could be assigned to only 29 of them. Sequence comparisons revealed the mosaic structure of UAB_Phi87 and its high similarity with bacteriophages Felix O1 and wV8 of E. coli with respect to genetic content and functional organization. Phylogenetic analysis of large terminase subunits confirms their packaging strategies and grouping to the different phage genus type. All these studies are necessary for the development and the use of an efficient cocktail with commercial applications in bacteriophage therapy against Salmonella

Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis isolado de bovinos

A campilobacteriose venérea bovina, ocasionada principalmente pelo Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus e Campylobacter subsp. venerealis, é transmitida através do coito ou por inseminação com sêmen contaminado. O propósito deste estudo foi determinar a susceptibilidade in vitro de isolados de C. fetus subesp. venerealis a agentes antimicrobianos comumente utilizados para o tratamento clínico e de sêmen. Foram testadas duas cepas padrão, sendo uma de C. fetus subsp. fetus e outra de C. fetus subsp. venerealis, bem como 21 amostras de isolados clínicos de C. fetus subsp. venerealis. Os testes foram realizados conforme o método de Kirby-Bauer. A amostra padrão de C. fetus subsp. fetus demonstrou-se resistente à lincomicina, penicilina e ácido nalidíxico, enquanto a de C. fetus subsp. venerealis apresentou susceptibilidade a todos antimicrobianos testados, com exceção do ácido nalidíxico. Todas as amostras de C. fetus subsp. venerealis foram susceptíveis à amicacina, ampicilina, cefalotina, estreptomicina, gentamicina, penicilina e tetraciclina. Foi observada resistência de 42,86% à lincomicina e 4,76 % a enrofloxacina, e de 100% ao ácido nalidíxico. Ainda, 4,76% apresentaram susceptibilidade intermediária à enrofloxacina, neomicina e polimixina B e 9,52% à lincomicina. Os resultados evidenciaram a sensibilidade das amostras analisadas aos antimicrobianos comumente utilizados para o tratamento clínico e do sêmen

Phagomagnetic Separation and Electrochemical Magneto-Genosensing of Pathogenic Bacteria

This paper addresses the use of bacteriophages immobilized on magnetic particles for the biorecognition of the pathogenic bacteria, followed by electrochemical magneto-genosensing of the bacteria. The P22 bacteriophage specific to Salmonella (serotypes A, B, and D₁) is used as a model. The bacteria are captured and preconcentrated by the bacteriophage-modified magnetic particles through the host interaction with high specificity and efficiency. DNA amplification of the captured bacteria is then performed by double-tagging polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further detection of the double-tagged amplicon is achieved by electrochemical magneto-genosensing. The strategy is able to detect in 4 h as low as 3 CFU mL^–1 of Salmonella in Luria–Bertani (LB) media. This approach is compared with conventional culture methods and PCR-based assay, as well as with immunological screening assays for bacteria detection, highlighting the outstanding stability and cost-efficient and animal-free production of bacteriophages as biorecognition element in biosensing devices