Chirurgie de décollement de rétine avec rétinectomie (étude rétrospective sur 44 yeux)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ectopie temporale du repli semi-lunaire (une preuve de la traction exercée par les ptérygions nasaux primitifs)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Supplemental material for: "Sclerotic scatter and focusing in eye painting: light through darkness" (Figures S1 and S2 ; Tables S1 to S4)

   Figure S1: Complete set of paintings with a light orientation compatible with peripheral light focusing or sclerotic scatter; Figure S2: Complete set of paintings probably featuring peripheral light focusing or sclerotic scatter; Table S1: Detail about the 113,962 color paintings and pastels of 2311 painters analyzed in the present report. Painters having represented sclerotic scatter are displayed in bold characters.; Table S2: Details about the 909 paintings of 311 painters with light exposure of the eye compatible with the occurrence of sclerotic scatter. Painters having represented sclerotic scatter and paintings featuring sclerotic scatter are displayed in bold characters; Table S3: Details of the 83 paintings of 42 painters with probable sclerotic scatter representation; Tables S4: Details about the 5 paintings with a light exposure of the eye compatible with the occurrence of peripheral light focusing (PLF), among which 2 probably feature PLF. Painters having represented PLF are displayed in bold characters.</p

Human rather than ape-like orbital morphology allows much greater lateral visual field expansion with eye abduction

International audienceWhile convergent, the human orbit differs from that of non-human apes in that its lateral orbital margin is significantly more rearward. This rearward position does not obstruct the additional visual field gained through eye motion. This additional visual field is therefore considered to be wider in humans than in non-human apes. A mathematical model was designed to quantify this difference. The mathematical model is based on published computed tomography data in the human neuro-ocular plane (NOP) and on additional anatomical data from 100 human skulls and 120 non-human ape skulls (30 gibbons; 30 chimpanzees / bonobos; 30 orangutans; 30 gorillas). It is used to calculate temporal visual field eccentricity values in the NOP first in the primary position of gaze then for any eyeball rotation value in abduction up to 45° and any lateral orbital margin position between 85° and 115° relative to the sagittal plane. By varying the lateral orbital margin position, the human orbit can be made "non-human ape-like". In the Pan-like orbit, the orbital margin position (98.7°) was closest to the human orbit (107.1°). This modest 8.4° difference resulted in a large 21.1° difference in maximum lateral visual field eccentricity with eyeball abduction (Pan-like: 115°; human: 136.1°). The Hominoidea superfamily 1 ("hominoids") is comprised of modern humans (Homo sapiens) and non-human apes. Non-human apes, humans' closest relatives 2,3 , include gibbons (family Hylobatidae), orangutans (family Hominidae, genus Pongo), chimpanzees and bonobos (family Hominidae, genus Pan) and gorillas (family Hominidae, genus Gorilla) 1. Modern humans' orbital morphology is unique among the Hominoidea superfamily in that the human orbital width/height ratio is highest and, whilst convergent (front-facing), the human orbit has the rearmost temporal orbital margin 4,5. This orbital margin configuration increases the human median temporal visual field surface area by 46% with eye-abduction, which promotes effective visual and visual field exploration through eye motion rather than head motion 4,6,7. The neuro-ocular plane (NOP) is defined as the plane which, in the primary position of gaze (look-ing straight ahead in the distance), contains the centre of both crystalline lenses, optic discs, and optic foramina 8-10. This plane can be used to obtain head orientations in space to facilitate precise comparisons between human and non-human apes 4,10. In this plane, the human temporal orbital margin is 107.1°4 ,5 from the sagittal plane compared to 98.7°4 ,5 in humans' closest relatives 3,11 chimpanzees and bonobos

Trends and topics in eye disease research in PubMed from 2010 to 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to provide a report on scientific production during the period 2010–2014 in order to identify the major topics as well as the predominant actors (journals, countries, continents) involved in the field of eye disease. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out to extract articles related to eye diseases during the period 2010–2014. Data were downloaded and processed through developed PHP scripts for further analysis. Results: A total of 62,123 articles were retrieved. A total of 3,368 different journals were found, and 19 journals were identified as “core journals” according to Braford’s law. English was by far the predominant language. A total of 853,182 MeSH terms were found, representing an average of 13.73 (SD = 4.98) MeSH terms per article. Among these 853,182 MeSH terms, 14,689 different MeSH terms were identified. Vision Disorders, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, and Cataract were the most frequent five MeSH terms related to eye diseases. The analysis of the total number of publications showed that Europe and Asia were the most productive continents, and the USA and China the most productive countries. Interestingly, using the mean Five-Year Impact Factor, the two most productive continents were North America and Oceania. After adjustment for population, the overall ranking positions changed in favor of smaller countries (i.e. Iceland, Switzerland, Denmark, and New Zealand), while after adjustment for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the overall ranking positions changed in favor of some developing countries (Malawi, Guatemala, Singapore). Conclusions: Due to the large number of articles included and the numerous parameters analyzed, this study provides a wide view of scientific productivity related to eye diseases during the period 2010–2014 and allows us to better understand this field

The Sclerotic Scatter Limbal Arc Is More Easily Elicited under Mesopic Rather Than Photopic Conditions

International audienceINTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the limbal lighting illuminance thresholds (LLITs) required to trigger perception of sclerotic scatter at the opposite non-illuminated limbus (i.e. perception of a light limbal scleral arc) under different levels of ambient lighting illuminance (ALI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled. The iris shade (light or dark) was graded by retrieving the median value of the pixels of a pre-determined zone of a gray-level iris photograph. Mean keratometry and central corneal pachymetry were recorded. Each subject was asked to lie down, and the ALI at eye level was set to mesopic values (10, 20, 40 lux), then photopic values (60, 80, 100, 150, 200 lux). For each ALI level, a light beam of gradually increasing illuminance was applied to the right temporal limbus until the LLIT was reached, i.e. the level required to produce the faint light arc that is characteristic of sclerotic scatter at the nasal limbus. RESULTS: After log-log transformation, a linear relationship between the logarithm of ALI and the logarithm of the LLIT was found (p\textless0.001), a 10% increase in ALI being associated with an average increase in the LLIT of 28.9%. Higher keratometry values were associated with higher LLIT values (p = 0.008) under low ALI levels, but the coefficient of the interaction was very small, representing a very limited effect. Iris shade and central corneal thickness values were not significantly associated with the LLIT. We also developed a censored linear model for ALI values ≤ 40 lux, showing a linear relationship between ALI and the LLIT, in which the LLIT value was 34.4 times greater than the ALI value. CONCLUSION: Sclerotic scatter is more easily elicited under mesopic conditions than under photopic conditions and requires the LLIT value to be much higher than the ALI value, i.e. it requires extreme contras

Unique human orbital morphology compared with that of apes

International audienceHumans’ and apes’ convergent (front-facing) orbits allow a large overlap of monocular visual fields but are considered to limit the lateral visual field extent. However, humans can greatly expand their lateral visual fields using eye motion. This study aimed to assess whether the human orbital morphology was unique compared with that of apes in avoiding lateral visual field obstruction. The orbits of 100 human skulls and 120 ape skulls (30 gibbons; 30 orangutans; 30 gorillas; 30 chimpanzees and bonobos) were analyzed. The orbital width/height ratio was calculated. Two orbital angles representing orbital convergence and rearward position of the orbital margin respectively were recorded using a protractor and laser levels. Humans have the largest orbital width/height ratio (1.19; p \textless 0.001). Humans and gibbons have orbits which are significantly less convergent than those of chimpanzees / bonobos, gorillas and orangutans (p \textless 0.001). These elements suggest a morphology favoring lateral vision in humans. More specifically, the human orbit has a uniquely rearward temporal orbital margin (107.1°; p \textless 0.001), suitable for avoiding visual obstruction and promoting lateral visual field expansion through eye motion. Such an orbital morphology may have evolved mainly as an adaptation to open-country habitat and bipedal locomotio

Sunglasses with Thick Temples and Frame Constrict Temporal Visual Field

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Preclinical assessment of scleral lens as a reservoir-based ocular therapeutic system

International audiencePurpose - Bacterial keratitis is a sight threatening infection of the cornea which remains one of the most important potential complications of contact lens use. If the corneal ulcer is small, peripheral with no impending perforation present, intensive monotherapy with fluoroquinolones could be used. Therefore, a study was conducted with the objective to provide pharmacological data of the intra-ocular diffusion after administration of Ofloxacin using a scleral lens reservoir, as well as an evaluation of surface tolerability in rabbits. Materials and methods - Samples of corneas, aqueous humor and vitreous were collected to measure the drug levels of Ofloxacin using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The corneas were examined by electron microscopy scanning and the eyeballs by light polarizing microscopy in order to evaluate surface tolerability. Results - Ofloxacin levels found in the aqueous humor and cornea were higher than those previously reported. The mean Ofloxacin corneal levels exceeded the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for which 90% of isolates are indicated for all bacteria implicated in keratitis. Conclusion - To our knowledge, this is the first preclinical study assessing local tolerance and intra-ocular diffusion of Ofloxacin after administration using a scleral lens reservoir

Eye motion increases temporal visual field extent

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