In vitro antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts on mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary

Antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts were tested against Phytophthora infestans using radial growth technique. While all tested plant extracts produced some antifungal activities Xanthium strumarium, Lauris nobilis, Salvia officinalis and Styrax officinalis were the most active plants that showed potent antifungal activity. They totally inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans. The other tested plant extracts exhibited moderate activity and average daily radial growth of fungus varied from 0.8 to 5.0 mm/day which were significantly lower than the control. The lowest antifungal activity was observed on Cynodon dactylon extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 2 and 8% (w/v). X. strumarium extract produced the lowest MIC value of 2% which was lower than the standard fungicide Ridomil Gold mz 68 WP. Further studies on isolation and characterization of the active (antifungal) compound is needed before the possible use of the tested extracts in control strategies of this fungus.Keywords: Plant extracts, Phytophthora infestans, antifungal, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC

Covariate selection for multilevel models with missing data

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135979/1/sta4133_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135979/2/sta4133.pd

Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma masquerading as cervical cancer

Genital tract lymphomas are rare entities that can be diagnosed at advanced stages. The uterine cervix is not generally infiltratedby lymphoma. Nevertheless it can be seen as a consequence of either a systemic disease or primary disease. The infrequency ofprimary cervical lymphoma makes the diagnosis challenging

Bioactive Volatile Content of the Stem and Root of Centaurea carduiformis DC. subsp. carduiformis var. carduiformis

Several species of Centaurea, biennial (or more rarely perennial) plants which belong to the Asteraceae family, possess medicinal properties and are currently used in phytotherapy. In the present study, antiproliferative activity of hexane extract from stems and roots of Centaurea carduiformis DC. subsp. carduiformis var. carduiformis (CCS and CCR) on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney), C6 cells (Rat Brain tumor cells), and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. Antiproliferative effect of the extract was tested at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL using BrDu Cell Proliferation ELISA. The hexane extract was significantly inhibited proliferation of Vero, HeLa, and C6 cancer cell lines with absorbance values. The extract of CCS and CCR showed the highest activity against the Vero, HeLa, and C6 cell lines at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL

Determination of antioxidant activities of various extracts and essential oil compositions of Thymus praecox subsp skorpilii var. skorpilii

demirtas, ibrahim/0000-0001-8946-647X; OZEN, Tevfik/0000-0003-0133-5630WOS: 000282500000009The aim of this work is to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of separated essential oils and different solvent extracts of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii var. skorpilii (TPS). The ethanol, acetone, methanol, hexane, aqueous extracts and separated essential oils of TPS were assessed for their antioxidant activities. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V), reducing power, superoxide scavenging activity, free radical-scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, linoleic acid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and peroxide scavenging activity. Essential oils were characterized in total to be 41 components, whereas 9 components were isolated by column chromatography for antioxidant activity. TPS essential oil was found to contain thymol (40.31%) and o-cymene (13.66%) as the major components. The ethanol, methanol and water extracts exerted significant free radical-scavenging activity. The methanol and water extracts displayed highest superoxide scavenging activity. The water extract has the highest total phenolics (6.211 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g DW) and flavonoids (0.809 mg quercetin/g DW). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.State Planning Organization, TurkeyTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi [DPT 2003K120510]We thank Prof. Dr. Hamdi G. Kutbay for characterization of plant material, Mustafa Evli, Namik Yildirim, Temel Cirak for contribution, and the State Planning Organization, Turkey (DPT 2003K120510) for the grants

Investigation of Mutagenic Effects of Some Synthetic Direct Dyes in Textile Industry by Using Umu-Test

Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. 10-20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic direct ve dyes are searched by umu test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 mu g/ml, 120 mu g/ml, 40 mu g/ml and 4 mu g/ml of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study, Direct Yellow 86, Direct Orange 39, Direct Blue 200, Direct Yellow 142 ve Direct Red 243 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study, Direct Blue 200 have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400 mu g/ml and 120 mu g/ml concentration also Direct Blue 200 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400 mu g/ml concentration

Investigation of Mutagenic Effects Of Some Synthetic Reactive Dyes In Textile Industry By Using Umu-Test

10 - 20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic reactive dyes are searched by umu-test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 mu g/mL, 120 mu g/mL, 40 mu g/mL and 4 mu g/mL of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Red 74, Reactive Red 141, Reactive Yellow 84 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study Reactive Yellow 84, Reactive Black 5 have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400 mu g/mL concentration also Reactive Black 5 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400 mu g/mL concentration

Biological activities, phenolic profiles and essential oil components of <i>Tanacetum cilicicum</i> (BOISS.) GRIERSON

<p><i>Tanacetum</i> species are consumed as tea in Turkey. We comparatively evaluated the phytochemical potentials and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanolic extracts of <i>Tanacetum cilicicum</i>. The chemical constitutes of <i>T. cilicicum</i> essential oil and antioxidant activity of this species was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. Bicyclo (3,1,1) hept-2-en-4-ol (21.92%), camphor (15.56%) and 1,8-cineole (13.45%) which are oxygenated monoterpenes were found as the major constituents. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantificated by HPLC–UV. Catechin was found as the main component. The essential oils and methanolic extracts were evaluated by antioxidant activities. The leaves exhibited significant metal chelation activity with a value of 20.75 ± 4.63 μg/mL.</p