Proper class generated by submodules that have supplements

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mathematics, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 37-38)Text in English: Abstract: Turkish and Englishix, 40 leavesIn this thesis, we study the class S of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im& has a supplement in B, i.e. a minimal elemenr in the set {V B V + Im& . B}.The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called k-elements. In general k-elements need not form a subgroup in ExtR(C;A), but in the category TR of torsion R-modules over a Dedekind domain R, S is a proper class; there are no nonzero S-projective modules and the only S-injective modules are injective R-modules in TR. In this thesis we also give the structure of S-coinjective R-modules in TR. Moreover, we define the class SB of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im & has a supplement V in B and V in B and In & is bounded. The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called B-elements. Over a noetherian integral domain of Krull dimension 1, B-elements form a proper class. In the category TR over a Dedekind domain R, SB is a proper class; there are no nonzero SB-projective R-modules and SB-injective R-modules are only the injective R-modules. In the category TR, reduced SB-coinjective R-modules are bounded R-modules

Proper class generated by submodules that have supplements

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mathematics, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 37-38)Text in English: Abstract: Turkish and Englishix, 40 leavesIn this thesis, we study the class S of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im& has a supplement in B, i.e. a minimal elemenr in the set {V B V + Im& . B}.The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called k-elements. In general k-elements need not form a subgroup in ExtR(C;A), but in the category TR of torsion R-modules over a Dedekind domain R, S is a proper class; there are no nonzero S-projective modules and the only S-injective modules are injective R-modules in TR. In this thesis we also give the structure of S-coinjective R-modules in TR. Moreover, we define the class SB of all short exact sequences 0 A B C 0 where Im & has a supplement V in B and V in B and In & is bounded. The corresponding elements of ExtR(C;A) are called B-elements. Over a noetherian integral domain of Krull dimension 1, B-elements form a proper class. In the category TR over a Dedekind domain R, SB is a proper class; there are no nonzero SB-projective R-modules and SB-injective R-modules are only the injective R-modules. In the category TR, reduced SB-coinjective R-modules are bounded R-modules

Circular RNA–MicroRNA–MRNA interaction predictions in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Different types of noncoding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to take part in various cellular processes including post-transcriptional gene regulation during infection. MiRNAs are expressed by more than 200 organisms ranging from viruses to higher eukaryotes. Since miRNAs seem to be involved in host–pathogen interactions, many studies attempted to identify whether human miRNAs could target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNAs as an antiviral defence mechanism. In this work, a machine learning based miRNA analysis workflow was developed to predict differential expression patterns of human miRNAs during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to obtain the graphical representation of miRNA hairpins, 36 features were defined based on the secondary structures. Moreover, potential targeting interactions between human circRNAs and miRNAs as well as human miRNAs and viral mRNAs were investigated

Weakly distributive modules. Applications to supplement submodules

In this paper, we define and study weakly distributive modules as a proper generalization of distributive modules.We prove that, weakly distributive supplemented modules are amply supplemented. In a weakly distributive supplemented module every submodule has a unique coclosure. This generalizes a result of Ganesan and Vanaja. We prove that π-projective duo modules, in particular commutative rings, are weakly distributive. Using this result we obtain that in a commutative ring supplements are unique. This generalizes a result of Camillo and Lima. We also prove that any weakly distributive ⊕-supplemented module is quasi-discrete

The proper class generated by weak supplements

We show that, for hereditary rings, the smallest proper classes containing respectively the classes of short exact sequences determined by small submodules, submodules that have supplements and weak supplement submodules coincide. Moreover, we show that this class can be obtained as a natural extension of the class determined by small submodules. We also study injective, projective, coinjective and coprojective objects of this class. We prove that it is coinjectively generated and its global dimension is at most 1. Finally, we describe this class for Dedekind domains in terms of supplement submodules.TUBITAK (107T709

A relação entre o burnout pela COVID-19 e a sensibilidade moral de profissionais de cuidados à saúde

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the burnout of physicians and nurses and their moral sensitivity during the pandemic. This was a descriptive and correlational study. This study was carried out with physicians and nurses who were continuing to work actively during the pandemic. Snowboard sampling method was utilized. The total mean score of the participants on the MSQ was 90.78±19.10. The total mean score of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale was 34.52±9.65. A statistically weak and significant correlation was found between the COVID-19 Burnout Scale and the MSQ total score, as well as the “benefit” and “conflict” sub-dimensions. It was determined that as MSQ total scores, “benefit” and “conflict” scores decreased in healthcare workers, COVID-19 burnout scores increased. In our study, the moral sensitivity of the participants was found to be moderate, and their burnout levels were found to be high. Although there was a weak relationship, it was observed that burnout levels increased as moral sensitivity levels increased. It is crucial that we learn from pandemic experiences and transfer this knowledge to future generations. In particular, we must assimilate these important lessons into training in order to develop and protect the moral sensitivity of healthcare professionals.Este estudio pretendía examinar la relación entre el burnout de médicos y enfermeras y su sensibilidad moral durante la pandemia. Se trató de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, y se llevó a cabo con médicos y enfermeras que seguían trabajando activamente durante la pandemia. Se utilizó el método de muestreo de Snowboard. La puntuación media total de los participantes en el MSQ fue de 90,78±19,10. La puntuación media total de la Escala de Burnout COVID-19 fue de 34,52±9,65. Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente débil y significativa entre la Escala de Burnout COVID-19 y la puntuación total del MSQ, así como las subdimensiones “beneficio” y “conflicto”. Se determinó que, a medida que disminuían las puntuaciones totales del MSQ y las puntuaciones de “beneficio” y “conflicto” en los trabajadores sanitarios, aumentaban las puntuaciones de burnout de la COVID-19. En nuestro estudio, se observó que la sensibilidad moral de los participantes era moderada y que sus niveles de burnout eran elevados. Aunque existía una relación débil, se observó que los niveles de burnout aumentaban a medida que lo hacían los de sensibilidad moral. Es crucial que aprendamos de las experiencias pandémicas y transmitamos estos conocimientos a las generaciones futuras. En particular, debemos asimilar estas importantes lecciones en la formación para desarrollar y proteger la sensibilidad moral de los profesionales sanitarios.Esse estudo objetivou examinar a relação entre o burnout de médicos e enfermeiras e sua sensibilidade moral durante a pandemia. Esse era um estudo descritivo e correlacional. Esse estudo foi realizado com médicos e enfermeiras que continuaram trabalhando ativamente durante a pandemia. O método da amostragem em snowboard foi utilizado. A média total dos participantes no MSQ foi 90,78±19,10. A média total na Escala de Burnout pela COVID-19 foi 34,52±9,65. Uma correlação fraca e significante foi encontrada entre os escores totais na Escalas de Burnout pela COVID-19 e MSQ, assim como nas subdimensões “benefício” e “conflito”. Determinou-se que como os escores totais na MSQ e os escores “benefício” e “conflito” diminuiram em trabalhadores de cuidados à saúde, os escores de burnout pela COVID-19 aumentaram. Em nosso estudo, a sensibilidade moral dos participantes foi considerada ser moderada e seus níveis de burnout considerados serem altos. Embora tenha havido uma correlação fraca, foi observado que os níveis de burnout aumentaram quando os níveis de sensibilidade moral aumentaram. É essencial que aprendamos das experiências com a pandemia e passemos esse conhecimento para as futuras gerações. Em particular, nós devemos assimilar essas importantes lições em treinamentos, de forma a desenvolver e proteger a sensibilidade moral de profissionais de cuidados à saúde

In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of Marrubium vulgare L. methanol extract

Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) is a herbal drug used for centuries for many diseases. In this present study the plant material was acquired from commercial sources in pharma grade (PhEur 8.0) quality. The methanol extract of the aerial parts was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic activity by measuring the percentage of viable cells (U87 LN229 and T98G glioblastoma multiforme cell lines) using a luminescence system, and the antioxidant activities by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging spectrophotometrically. As a result, the methanol extract of M. vulgare showed 48.97 ± 0.82 mg of GA/g corresponding to the total phenolic amounts, and moderate antioxidant activity (1.33 and 2.08) by ABTS• and DPPH• assays. To the best of knowledge, after evaluation of the cytotoxicity on M. vulgare treated U87 (IC50:270.3 μM), LN229 (IC50:343.9 μM) and T98G (336.6 μM) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines, significant cytotoxic activities with 69.9% (p= 0.0081) and 71% cell viability (p= 0.0028) was observed in M. vulgare treated U87 and LN229 GBM cell lines, respectively. Overall, further in vitro and in vivo bioactivity studies based on phytochemistry on various M. vulgare preparations are worthwhile in order to discover bioactive secondary metabolites

Composition of the essential oils of five subspecies of Scutellaria orientalis from Turkey

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of five subspecies of Scutellaria orientalis L. (subsp. carica, subsp. haussknechtii, subsp. macrostegia, subsp. orientalis and subsp. santolinoides) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), simultaneously. According to essential oil analysis in five subspecies of S. orientalis, germacrene D (57.2%), bicyclogermacrene (7.4%) and β-caryophyllene (5.2%) in subsp. carica; germacrene D (23.5%), β-caryophyllene (14.2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.1%) in subsp. haussknechtii; germacrene D (47.8%), β-caryophyllene (16.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.0%) in subsp. macrostegia; caryophyllene oxide (23.5%), germacrene D (20.1%) and β-caryophyllene (14.5%) in subsp. orientalis; germacrene D (42.1%), β-caryophyllene (13.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.3%) in subsp. santolinoides were determined as major components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil of four subspecies of S. orientalis. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Chemical composition and microbiological quality of the doner kebabs sold in Tekirdag market

The objective of this research was to determine chemical composition and hygienic quality of the doner kebabs sold in the Tekirdag market. In the chemical analysis; pH, moisture, protein, fat and salt contents as well as some minerals, Na, K, Zn, Fe and Cu, were determined. The samples were examined for aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, mould and yeast, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. to observe the hygienic quality of the doner samples