Утвердження національної ідентичності в словотвірній морфонології девербативів

У статті розглянуто проблемні питання дериваційних відношень, напрямів морфонологічних трансформацій, складні процеси, пов’язані з використанням варіантних формантів та з утвердженням національної ідентичності в словотвірній морфонології девербативів і відповідність їх словотвірним нормам української літературної мови, окреслено концептуальні засади морфонологічного аналізу девербативів, проаналізовано ефективні й специфічні методи й прийоми дослідження віддієслівних іменників у словотвірно-морфонологічному аспекті та визначено найбільш дієві методики аналізу морфонологічних явищ

Engineering applications of metaheuristics: an introduction

Metaheuristic algorithms are important tools that in recent years have been used extensively in several fields. In engineering, there is a big amount of problems that can be solved from an optimization point of view. This paper is an introduction of how metaheuristics can be used to solve complex problems of engineering. Their use produces accurate results in problems that are computationally expensive. Experimental results support the performance obtained by the selected algorithms in such specific problems as digital filter design, image processing and solar cells design

Influencing the coordination mode of tbta (tbta = tris[(1-benzyl- 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine) in dicobalt complexes through changes in metal oxidation states

The complexes [(tbta)Co(μ-CA-2H)Co(tbta)(CH3CN)](BF4)21 and [(tbta)Co(μ-OH)2Co(tbta)](BF4)42 (tbta = tris[(1-benzyl- 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine and CA = chloranilic acid) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, SQUID magnetometry and NMR spectroscopy. The reactions to form these complexes deliver 1 as a paramagnetic species containing two high spin Co(II) centers, and 2 as a diamagnetic compound with two low spin Co(III) centers. Structural analysis shows that in 1 the capped-octahedral environment around the Co(II) centers is highly distorted with rather long bonds between the metal and donor atoms. The tbta ligand binds to the Co(II) centers through the three triazole nitrogen donor atoms in a facial form, with the Co–N(amine) distance of 2.494(2) Å acting as a capping bond to the octahedron. In the crystal an unusual observation of one acetonitrile molecule statistically occupying the coordination sites at both Co(II) centers is made. 1 displays a series of intermolecular C–HCl and π–π interactions leading to extended three- dimensional structures in the solid state. These interactions lead to the formation of voids and explain why only one acetonitrile molecule can be bound to the dinuclear complexes. In contrast to 1, the cobalt centers in 2 display a more regular octahedral environment with shorter cobalt–donor atom distances, as would be expected for a low spin Co(III) situation. The tbta ligand acts as a perfect tetradentate ligand in this case with the cobalt–N(amine) distance of 2.012(3) Å falling in the range of a normal bond. Thus, we present the rare instances where the ligand tbta has been observed to bind in a perfectly tetradentate fashion in its metal complexes. The room temperature magnetic moment of 6.30 μB for 1 shows values typical of two high spin Co(II) centers, and this value decreases at temperatures lower than 30 K indicating a weak antiferromagnetic coupling and zero field splitting. Mass spectrometric analysis of 2 provided evidence for the formation of an oxo- bridged dicobalt complex in the gas phase

Iron–molybdenum-oxo complexes as initiators for olefin autoxidation with O2

The reaction between [(TPA)Fe(MeCN)2](OTf)2 and [nBu4N](Cp*MoO3) yields the novel tetranuclear complex [(TPA)Fe(μ-Cp*MoO3)]2(OTf)2, 1, with a rectangular [Mo–O–Fe–O–]2 core containing high-spin iron(II) centres. 1 proved to be an efficient initiator/(pre)catalyst for the autoxidation of cis-cyclooctene with O2 to give cyclooctene epoxide. To test, which features of 1 are essential in this regard, analogues with zinc(II) and cobalt(II) central atoms, namely [(TPA)Zn(Cp*MoO3)](OTf), 3, and [(TPA)Co(Cp*MoO3)](OTf), 4, were prepared, which proved to be inactive. The precursor compounds of 1, [(TPA)Fe(MeCN)2](OTf)2 and [nBu4N](Cp*MoO3) as well as Cp2*Mo2O5, were found to be inactive, too. Reactivity studies in the absence of cyclooctene revealed that 1 reacts both with O2 and PhIO via loss of the Cp* ligands to give the triflate salt 2 of the known cation [((TPA)Fe)2(μ-O)(μ-MoO4)]2+. The cobalt analogue 4 reacts with O2 in a different way yielding [((TPA)Co)2(μ-Mo2O8)](OTf)2, 5, featuring a Mo2O84− structural unit which is novel in coordination chemistry. The compound [(TPA)Fe(μ-MoO4)]2, 6, being related to 1, but lacking Cp* ligands failed to trigger autoxidation of cyclooctene. However, initiation of autoxidation by Cp* radicals was excluded via experiments including thermal dissociation of Cp2*

Influencing the coordination mode of tbta (tbta = tris[(1-benzyl- 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine) in dicobalt complexes through changes in metal oxidation states

The complexes [(tbta)Co(μ-CA-2H)Co(tbta)(CH3CN)](BF4)21 and [(tbta)Co(μ-OH)2Co(tbta)](BF4)42 (tbta = tris[(1-benzyl- 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine and CA = chloranilic acid) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, SQUID magnetometry and NMR spectroscopy. The reactions to form these complexes deliver 1 as a paramagnetic species containing two high spin Co(II) centers, and 2 as a diamagnetic compound with two low spin Co(III) centers. Structural analysis shows that in 1 the capped-octahedral environment around the Co(II) centers is highly distorted with rather long bonds between the metal and donor atoms. The tbta ligand binds to the Co(II) centers through the three triazole nitrogen donor atoms in a facial form, with the Co–N(amine) distance of 2.494(2) Å acting as a capping bond to the octahedron. In the crystal an unusual observation of one acetonitrile molecule statistically occupying the coordination sites at both Co(II) centers is made. 1 displays a series of intermolecular C–HCl and π–π interactions leading to extended three- dimensional structures in the solid state. These interactions lead to the formation of voids and explain why only one acetonitrile molecule can be bound to the dinuclear complexes. In contrast to 1, the cobalt centers in 2 display a more regular octahedral environment with shorter cobalt–donor atom distances, as would be expected for a low spin Co(III) situation. The tbta ligand acts as a perfect tetradentate ligand in this case with the cobalt–N(amine) distance of 2.012(3) Å falling in the range of a normal bond. Thus, we present the rare instances where the ligand tbta has been observed to bind in a perfectly tetradentate fashion in its metal complexes. The room temperature magnetic moment of 6.30 μB for 1 shows values typical of two high spin Co(II) centers, and this value decreases at temperatures lower than 30 K indicating a weak antiferromagnetic coupling and zero field splitting. Mass spectrometric analysis of 2 provided evidence for the formation of an oxo- bridged dicobalt complex in the gas phase

Simulation of the communication system between an AUV group and a surface station

An object model for simulation of the communications system of an autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) group with a surface station is proposed in the paper. Implementation of the model is made on the basis of the software package "Object Distribution Simulation". All structural relationships and behavior details are described. The application was developed on the basis of the proposed model and is now used for computational experiments on the simulation of the communications system between the autonomous underwater vehicles group and a surface station

Typology of Ukrainian Verb Stems: Word-Forming and Morphonological Aspects

The description of word-forming morphology of deverbatives of the modern Ukrainian language in view of its functional character, dynamic processes in the language, shifts that have taken place in its corpus in recent times, provides good grounds for determining new classification principles of morphological analysis of deverbatives. The article identifies morphonological types of basic verbs of word-forming units in the Ukrainian language. The word-forming units play a dominant role in the systematization of Ukrainian word-formation, as it clearly traces the patterns of the internal mechanism, which is characterized by hierarchical connections between other complex units of the word-formation system (word-forming pairs, chains, series and word-forming paradigms). Reconstruction of the basic verbs of word-forming units makes it possible to correctly determine the direction of word-forming motivation, morphonological type and to establish a morphonological model. Their properties are clarified by the nature of the basic verb stem, morphonological transformations into morphonologically marked derivatives at different degrees of derivation. The spectrum of morphonological types of basic verbs of word-forming units in the Ukrainian language covers word-forming units of morphonological types of indivisible and divisible basic verbs of word-forming units. With indivisible basic verbs there are 5 morphological classes, with divisible basic verbs – 7

Tuning the magnetic ground state of a novel tetranuclear Nickel(II) molecular complex by high magnetic fields

Electron spin resonance and magnetization data in magnetic fields up to 55 T of a novel multicenter paramagnetic molecular complex [L_2Ni_4(N_3)(O_2C Ada)_4](Cl O_4) are reported. In this compound, four Ni centers each having a spin S = 1 are coupled in a single molecule via bridging ligands (including a \mu_4-azide) which provide paths for magnetic exchange. Analysis of the frequency and temperature dependence of the ESR signals yields the relevant parameters of the spin Hamiltonian, in particular the single ion anisotropy gap and the g factor, which enables the calculation of the complex energy spectrum of the spin states in a magnetic field. The experimental results give compelling evidence for tuning the ground state of the molecule by magnetic field from a nonmagnetic state at small fields to a magnetic one in strong fields owing to the spin level crossing at a field of ~25 T.Comment: revised version, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Public-private partnerships for health care infrastructure and services:Considerations for policy makers in Ukraine

Independent of the current conflict, the health sector in Ukraine faces several critical shortcomings. In particular, the country has an oversupply of hospitals and an undersupply of primary care and diagnostic facilities. Addressing these limitations will require substantial amounts of capital investment, but constraints on public finances in the post-war context will reduce the Government’s ability to fund the needed reconfiguration. Multiple international financial institutions have stated their intention to support reconstruction in the aftermath of the war. The use of public–private partnerships (‎PPPs)‎ may support the achievement of these outcomes and their use in Ukraine is likely to remain an important issue for Government policy-makers and their partners to consider in a variety of post-war scenarios. This report draws on evidence from countries of the WHO European Region and elsewhere to evaluate if and how PPPs can be used to strengthen the health system in Ukraine