Peur et tremblements : Autour de Hard Candy et The Brave One

Que se passe-t-il lorsqu’une femme préfère la rage à l’anesthésie des comprimés ? C’est ce qu’ont fait les personnages féminins de Hard Candy et The Brave One, en se faisant vigilante pour se faire justice. Par une lecture de l’intertexte du Petit Chaperon rouge, l’article montre que la victime et la bête ne sont parfois qu’une même personne et que si la jeune fille entre dans la gueule du loup, c’est seulement pour mieux le tailler en pièces.What happens when a woman chooses rage over anti-depressants ? This is what the female protagonists of Hard Candy and The Brave One have done, becoming vigilantes in order to do justice to themselves and other women. Through a reading of the movies’ little red riding hood intertext, this article shows how the beast and the victim are sometimes one and the same, and if a girl lets herself eaten up by a wolf, it is to better turn the tables on him

Comment faire apparaître Écho ? Soeurs, saintes et sibylles de Nan Goldin et Autoportrait en vert de Marie Ndiaye

Cet article étudie l’usage du portrait photo-textuel dans l’écriture autobiographique au féminin, par le biais de l’analyse parallèle de Soeurs, saintes et sibylles de Nan Goldin, et de Autoportrait en vert de Marie Ndiaye. Grâce au jeu entre photographie et littérature, ces objets intermédiatiques présentent une structure en écho (et reposent sur une série d’échos) qui permet de revoir le mythe d’Écho et de Narcisse ainsi que le rapport entre le visuel et le verbal. Goldin et Ndiaye fondent leur travail sur l’indécidabilité de la photographie pour écrire entre le mythe et l’histoire personnelle, le sacré et le profane. Par ailleurs, les oeuvres étudiées peuvent être lues comme des légendes et des échos dans le cadre du corpus de chacune des auteures. Ces pratiques intermédiaires mettent en place une série de résonances qui permettent aux femmes, à l’intérieur des deux textes, d’être vues et entendues. Par le vacillement entre portrait et autoportrait, ces pratiques réussissent à faire apparaître des visages là où il y avait des voix.This article examines contemporary photo-textual portraiture in women’s autobiographical writing through a parallel analysis of Nan Goldin’s Soeurs, saintes et sibylles and Marie Ndiaye’s Autoportrait en vert. These mixed media works function through and as a series of echoes that revisit the myth of Echo and Narcissus and reforge the relationship between visual and vocal in the interplay between literature and photography. Goldin and Ndiaye seize upon the indeterminate nature of photographs to write between myth and personal history, between the sacred and the secular. The works studied are also read as legends or echoes of each author’s corpus. These intermediary practices establish a series of resonances that enable the women in each author’s text to be seen and heard, and give faces to voices in the vacillation of portraiture and self-portraiture

Factors associated with self-perceived burden to the primary caregiver in older patients with hematologic malignancies: an exploratory study

Objective: Although cancer patients frequently experience self-perceived burden to others, this perception has not been enough studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of selfperceived burden to the primary caregiver (SPB-PC) and associated factors in an older patient population with hematologic malignancies at the time of chemotherapy initiation. Methods: In total, 166 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies aged ≥65 years were recruited at the time of chemotherapy initiation. Patients’ SPB-PC was assessed using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Characteristics potentially associated with SPB-PC, including sociodemographic and medical characteristics, physical functioning status (Karnofsky performance score, activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental ADL), symptoms (fatigue, pain, nausea, quality of life), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), perceived cognitive function (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Cognitive (FACT-Cog) Scale), and patients’/primary caregivers’ personal relationship characteristics (family tie, support), were assessed. Results: Thirty-five percent of patients reported moderate to severe SPB-PC (VAS ≥ 50 mm). Patients’ SPB-PC was associated with lower Karnofsky performance (β = 0.135, p = 0.058) and ADL (β = 0.148, p = 0.037) scores, and higher HADS (β = 0.283, p<0.001) and FACT-Cog perceived cognitive impairments subscale (β = 0.211, p = 0.004) scores. The proportion of explained variance was 23.5%. Conclusions: Health care professionals should be aware that about one third of older cancer patients experience moderate to severe SPB-PC at the time of chemotherapy initiation. They should adapt their support of patients who report such a feeling

The SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients is lower on face mask filters than on nasopharyngeal swabs.

Face masks and personal respirators are used to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory droplets; filters embedded in some personal protective equipment could be used as a non-invasive sample source for applications, including at-home testing, but information is needed about whether filters are suited to capture viral particles for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this study, we generated inactivated virus-laden aerosols of 0.3-2 microns in diameter (0.9 µm mean diameter by mass) and dispersed the aerosolized viral particles onto electrostatic face mask filters. The limit of detection for inactivated coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 extracted from filters was between 10 to 100 copies/filter for both viruses. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, using face mask filters and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from hospitalized COVID-19-patients, showed that filter samples offered reduced sensitivity (8.5% compared to nasopharyngeal swabs). The low concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection between filters and nasopharyngeal swabs indicated that number of viral particles collected on the face mask filter was below the limit of detection for all patients but those with the highest viral loads. This indicated face masks are unsuitable to replace diagnostic nasopharyngeal swabs in COVID-19 diagnosis. The ability to detect nucleic acids on face mask filters may, however, find other uses worth future investigation

Gout and pseudo-gout-related crystals promote GLUT1-mediated glycolysis that governs NLRP3 and interleukin-1β activation on macrophages

Objective Macrophage activation by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals mediates an interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent inflammation during gout and pseudo-gout flare, respectively. Since metabolic reprogramming of macrophages goes along with inflammatory responses dependently on stimuli and tissue environment, we aimed to decipher the role of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the IL-1β-induced microcrystal response. Methods Briefly, an in vitro study (metabolomics and real-time extracellular flux analysis) on MSU and CPP crystal-stimulated macrophages was performed to demonstrate the metabolic phenotype of macrophages. Then, the role of aerobic glycolysis in IL-1β production was evaluated, as well in vitro as in vivo using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging and glucose uptake assay, and molecular approach of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition. Results We observed that MSU and CPP crystals led to a metabolic rewiring toward the aerobic glycolysis pathway explained by an increase in GLUT1 plasma membrane expression and glucose uptake on macrophages. Also, neutrophils isolated from human synovial fluid during gout flare expressed GLUT1 at their plasma membrane more frequently than neutrophils isolated from bloodstream. Both glucose deprivation and treatment with either 2-deoxyglucose or GLUT1 inhibitor suppressed crystal-induced NLRP3 activation and IL-1β production, and microcrystal inflammation in vivo. Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake is instrumental during the inflammatory IL-1β response induced by MSU and CPP crystals. These findings open new therapeutic paths to modulate crystal-related inflammation