A geoscience evaluation of multifrequency radar imagery of the Pisgah Crater area, California

Comparison of multiband simultaneous radar imaging over geological test sit

Radar signal return from near-shore surface and shallow subsurface features, Darien Province, Panama

The AN/APQ-97 radar imagery over eastern Panama is analyzed. The imagery was directed toward extraction of geologic and engineering data and the establishment of operational parameters. Subsequent investigations emphasized landform identification and vegetation distribution. The parameters affecting the observed return signal strength from such features are considered. Near-shore ocean phenomena were analyzed. Tidal zone features such as mud flats and reefs were identified in the near range, but were not detectable in the far range. Surface roughness dictated the nature of reflected energy (specular or diffuse). In surf zones, changes in wave train orientation relative to look direction, the slope of the surface, and the physical character of the wave must be considered. It is concluded that the establishment of the areal extent of the tidal flats, distributary channels, and reefs is practical only in the near to intermediate range under minimal low tide conditions

The Barber County Earthquake of January 6, 1956

A few minutes before 6 a.m. on January 6, 1956, south-central Kansas experienced the strongest earthquake to occur in the state since 1929. It was reported felt in south-central Kansas and northcentral Oklahoma; from Dodge City, Kansas, approximately 200 km (125 miles) east to Garden Plain, Kansas, and from Great Bend, Kansas, approximately 230 km (145 miles) south to Longdale, Oklahoma. The maximum effect was felt in the area delimited by Pratt and Coldwater, Kansas, and Alva, Oklahoma. During this investigation the effects of the earthquake were determined and isoseismal lines were drawn (Fig. 1). The area was visited during the period of January 23 to 25, at which time residents in approximately 50 towns were questioned. The greatest amount of time was spent in the zones of intensity III to V (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931). The early hour of occurrence hampered the investigation' somewhat, for it was difficult, especially in the zones of lower intensity, to find persons who were awake and who had felt the shock. Sheriff's offices and newspaper offices were visited, for they generally had been notified by anyone who felt the shock. Hospitals proved to be another good source of information. At the end of January several areas adjacent to the limit of perceptibility, for which sufficient information had not been obtained, were investigated by mail, and at the end of February additional inquiries were sent to 15 towns in Oklahoma in order to define the southern limit of perceptibility. The cooperation of all who were questioned is very much appreciated. It is the desire of the author to acknowledge in particular the aid of city and county officials and of newspaper publishers

The Barber County Earthquake of January 6, 1956

A few minutes before 6 a.m. on January 6, 1956, south-central Kansas experienced the strongest earthquake to occur in the state since 1929. It was reported felt in south-central Kansas and northcentral Oklahoma; from Dodge City, Kansas, approximately 200 km (125 miles) east to Garden Plain, Kansas, and from Great Bend, Kansas, approximately 230 km (145 miles) south to Longdale, Oklahoma. The maximum effect was felt in the area delimited by Pratt and Coldwater, Kansas, and Alva, Oklahoma. During this investigation the effects of the earthquake were determined and isoseismal lines were drawn (Fig. 1). The area was visited during the period of January 23 to 25, at which time residents in approximately 50 towns were questioned. The greatest amount of time was spent in the zones of intensity III to V (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931). The early hour of occurrence hampered the investigation' somewhat, for it was difficult, especially in the zones of lower intensity, to find persons who were awake and who had felt the shock. Sheriff's offices and newspaper offices were visited, for they generally had been notified by anyone who felt the shock. Hospitals proved to be another good source of information. At the end of January several areas adjacent to the limit of perceptibility, for which sufficient information had not been obtained, were investigated by mail, and at the end of February additional inquiries were sent to 15 towns in Oklahoma in order to define the southern limit of perceptibility. The cooperation of all who were questioned is very much appreciated. It is the desire of the author to acknowledge in particular the aid of city and county officials and of newspaper publishers

Satellite microwave observations of the Utah Great Salt Lake Desert

Microwave data acquired over the Great Salt Lake Desert by sensors aboard Skylab and Nimbus 5 indicate that microwave emission and backscatter were strongly influenced by contributions from subsurface layers of sediment saturated with brine. This phenomenon was observed by Skylab's S-194 radiometer operating at 1.4 GHz, S-193 RADSCAT (Radiometer-Scatterometer) operating at 13.9 GHz and the Nimbus 5 ESMR (Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer) operating at 19.35 GHz. The availability of ESMR data over an 18 month period allowed an investigation of temporal variations. Aircraft 1.4 GHz radiometer data acquired two days after one of the Skylab passes confirm the satellites observations. Data from the ESMR revealed similar responses over the Bolivian deserts, which have geologic features similar to those of the Utah desert

Maine Geological Survey - Bulletin 6 : Pegmatites and Associated Rocks in the Newry Hill Area, Oxford County, Maine.

Maine Geological Survey - Bulletin 6 : Pegmatites and Associated Rocks in the Newry Hill Area, Oxford County, Maine. Joseph M. Trefethen, State Geologist. by Vincent E. Shainin, University of Maine and Louis F. Dellwig, U.S. Geological Survey. Maine Development Commission, Augusta, Maine, 1955https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/me_collection/1016/thumbnail.jp

Plastic Flowage of Salt in Mines at Hutchinson and Lyons, Kansas

Plastic flowage in the pillars and floors of salt mines at Hutchinson and Lyons, Kansas, is indicated by buckling, spalling, and fracturing. Detailed measurements of the relative size of the pillars in newly opened rooms and crosscuts were made over a period of 11 months. These data indicate that the salt flowage is due to pressure of the overburden and is controlled by the volume of salt excavated and configuration of the excavation. Plastic flowage causes folds and fractures to develop only in the floor of the Lyons mine. The orientation of structures and rates of flowage in the base, top, and middle of pillars are governed by the direction of easiest relief of stress, which is controlled by the mining plan

Plastic Flowage of Salt in Mines at Hutchinson and Lyons, Kansas

Plastic flowage in the pillars and floors of salt mines at Hutchinson and Lyons, Kansas, is indicated by buckling, spalling, and fracturing. Detailed measurements of the relative size of the pillars in newly opened rooms and crosscuts were made over a period of 11 months. These data indicate that the salt flowage is due to pressure of the overburden and is controlled by the volume of salt excavated and configuration of the excavation. Plastic flowage causes folds and fractures to develop only in the floor of the Lyons mine. The orientation of structures and rates of flowage in the base, top, and middle of pillars are governed by the direction of easiest relief of stress, which is controlled by the mining plan

Active microwave users working group program planning

A detailed programmatic and technical development plan for active microwave technology was examined in each of four user activities: (1) vegetation; (2) water resources and geologic applications, and (4) oceanographic applications. Major application areas were identified, and the impact of each application area in terms of social and economic gains were evaluated. The present state of knowledge of the applicability of active microwave remote sensing to each application area was summarized and its role relative to other remote sensing devices was examined. The analysis and data acquisition techniques needed to resolve the effects of interference factors were reviewed to establish an operational capability in each application area. Flow charts of accomplished and required activities in each application area that lead to operational capability were structured