Restoring degraded woodlands

In many places on the Swan Coastal Plain Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart) woodlands are in decline or are degraded (Bulletin 1). This occurs for many reasons, including grazing by stock, weed invasion, logging and clearing. It is often a combination of these factors that gradually lead to a decline in the tuart populations

Seed and seedling responses to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and root nodule bacteria: implications for restoration of degraded Mediterranean-type Tuart woodlands

Inoculation with beneficial soil microorganisms has the potential to enhance success of restoration, particularly in harsh Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs). We investigated the effects of microorganisms (mycorrhizal fungi and root nodule bacteria) and planting material (seed and nursery-raised seedlings) on early establishment and growth of two key postdisturbance colonizing species with different life histories, life forms and functional types (Eucalyptus gomphocephala and Acacia saligna) under field conditions. Establishment and growth were monitored at 13months, following the first MTE drought period. For E. gomphocephala, establishment was higher for seedlings (81%) than for seeding (7.5%). Inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungal spores was not beneficial. For A. saligna, establishment was also higher for seedlings (84%) than for seeding (42.5%). Mycorrhizal fungal inoculum had no effect on establishment or growth. This study has shown that in harsh MTE conditions, the use of seedlings is more effective than seeding in degraded woodlands even when attempting to reintroduce key colonizing species. The microorganism treatments tested did not result in significant improvement in establishment or growth

Cavity Coupled Aeroramp Injector Combustion Study

The difficulties with fueling of supersonic combustion ramjet engines with hydrocarbon based fuels presents many challenges that are currently being tackled by the Air Force Research Lab Propulsion Directorate Aerospace Propulsion Division. As the scramjet engine designs are scaled up, the need for a better solution to supersonic mixing has led to the development of many different styles of fuel injection. An aerodynamic ramp injector has been shown to have a quantitative improvement over a physical ramp while still achieving desirable mixing characteristics. The objectives for this research was quantifying the performance and operability implications of replacing four 15 degree round injectors with four arrays of improved aeroramp injectors. Ignition limits and pre-combustion shock position were used to define the operability differences while combustion efficiency was the primary metric used for performance comparisons. Performance and operability data was derived from data taken determining the ignition limits, the wall static pressures, temperature measurements, and thrust stand loading. It was determined that the operability reduces significantly for the aeroramp injector, but the performance is virtually identical to the round injectors. The aeroramp injector indicated improved near-field combustion indicating the potential for better performance in higher Mach number flow to include full scramjet mode

All Possible Regressions Using IBM SPSS: A Practitioner’s Guide to Automatic Linear Modeling

Although the all possible subsets regression procedure (or all possible regressions) has been a preferred method for selecting the “best” model in multiple regression, it might not have been the most frequently used method by SPSS users partly due to its time consuming nature of evaluating all possible combinations of multiple regression models. Starting with Version 19, however, IBM SPSS introduced a new procedure called Automatic Linear Modeling, enabling researchers to select best subsets automatically. While the arrival of this new procedure is highly welcomed by researchers, practitioners, and students, it has also raised a potential threat of misuse due to its apparent simplicity. The purpose of this paper is to provide brief information on all possible regressions and to provide a practical guide on how to make the best use of Automatic Linear Modeling

Nutrient disorders in plantation eucalypts

Summary. The purpose of this manual is to illustrate the symptoms associated with essential nutrient deficiencies of those species of eucalypts which are now widely established in plantations. The manual focuses on three tropical/subtropical species (Eucalyptus grandis, E. pellita and E. urophylla) and one temperate species (E. globulus). Other plantation species are included where illustrations were available. Techniques for identifying nutritional disorders are explained and deficiency symptoms are described in detail for twelve elements. These symptoms can be used to help determine deficiencies in nurseries or young plantations. However, symptoms are a guide to nutrient deficiencies and should be used with other diagnostic tools. For this reason leaf analysis standards are included

Cellular O-Glycome Reporter/Amplification to explore O-glycans of living cells

Protein O-glycosylation has key roles in many biological processes, but the repertoire of O-glycans synthesized by cells is difficult to determine. Here we describe an approach termed Cellular O-Glycome Reporter/Amplification (CORA), a sensitive method used to amplify and profile mucin-type O-glycans synthesized by living cells. Cells convert added peracetylated benzyl-α-N-acetylgalactosamine to a large variety of modified O-glycan derivatives that are secreted from cells, allowing for easy purification for analysis by HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS). Relative to conventional O-glycan analyses, CORA resulted in an ∼100-1,000-fold increase in sensitivity and identified a more complex repertoire of O-glycans in more than a dozen cell types from Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. Furthermore, when coupled with computational modeling, CORA can be used for predictions about the diversity of the human O-glycome and offers new opportunities to identify novel glycan biomarkers for human diseases