L’expression de la modalité par des adjectifs : une comparaison entre l’adjectif grec ancien en -ιμος et l’adjectif latin en -bilis

In questo contributo viene proposta une comparazione tra l’aggettivo denominale greco antico in -ιμος e l’aggettivo deverbale latino in -bilis dal punto di vista della loro semantica modale. Nonostante la differente natura della base derivazionale – gli aggettivi in -ιμος sono di solito derivati da nomi d’azione, gli aggettivi in -bilis sono derivati da basi verbali –, entrambe le formazioni possono veicolare un valore modale di possibilità dinamica o di necessità deontica accanto a altri possibili valori modali. Dopo aver presentato il più recente quadro teorico di riferimento per l’interpretazione della categoria semantica della modalità, ci si interroga sull’emergere del valore modale in diacronia e se e in che termini tale valore è inerente ai due suffissi. In seguito, viene tentata una sistematizzazione dei possibili valori modali (o meno) in relazione alla natura della base derivazionale, del contesto sintattico e del referente dell’aggettivo. Viene inoltre proposto di distinguere tra un impiego morfologico (con scope interno alla formazione) e un impiego lessicale (con scope esterno alla formazione) degli aggettivi in -ιμος e in -bilis che ha delle ripercussioni anche a livello dei sensi modali: solo l’impiego lessicale sembra permettere gli impieghi deontico-valutativo e epistemico. Si conclude con le prospettive di ricerca che il confronto delle due formazioni ha aperto: se la comparazione è possibile, gli aggettivi in -bilis presentano una semantica molto più ricca di quella degli aggettivi in -ιμος. Tale differenza, che resta da approfondire, si spiega forse per via del legame più stretto delle formazioni in -bilis con la classe formale del verbo, mentre le formazioni in -ιμος derivano in prevalenza dalla più ristretta classe dei nomi d’azione.In this contribution a comparison is proposed between the Ancient Greek denominal adjective in -ιμος and the Latin deverbal adjective in -bilis from the point of view of their modal semantics. Despite the different nature of the derivational base – the adjectives in -ιμος are usually derived from action nouns while the adjectives in -bilis are derived from verbal bases –, both formations can convey a modal value of dynamic possibility or deontic necessity alongside other possible modal values. After presenting the most recent theoretical framework of reference for the interpretation of the semantic category of modality, the issue of the emergence of the modal value in diachrony as well as some related questions (such as whether and in what terms this value is inherent in the two suffixes) are addressed. Then, a systematization is attempted of the possible modal (or non-modal) values in relation to the nature of the derivational base, of the syntactic context and of the referent of the adjective. It is also proposed to distinguish between a morphological use (with the scope within the formation) and a lexical use (with the scope outside the formation) of the adjectives in -ιμος and in -bilis that has repercussions also at the level of the modal senses: only the lexical use seems to allow the deontic-evaluative and epistemic readings. This study has opened some new perspectives and, if comparison between the two formations is possible, the adjectives in -bilis present a much richer semantics than that of the adjectives in -ιμος. This difference, which remains to be examined in depth, can be explained, perhaps, by the closer link between the formations in -bilis and the formal class of the verb, while the formations in -ιμος derive mainly from the narrower class of action nouns

WoPoss Guidelines for Annotation

This document contains the guidelines to carry out the fine-grained semantic annotation of modality in the WoPoss project

Implemented to Be Shared: the WoPoss Annotation of Semantic Modality in a Latin Diachronic Corpus

The SNSF project A World of Possibilities [WoPoss] aims at tracking the evolution of modal meanings in the diachrony of the Latin language. Passages expressing modal notions of ‘necessity’, ‘possibility’ and ‘volition’ are annotated following a pipeline that combines both automatic and fine-grained manual annotation. Texts are first gathered from different online open access resources to create the initial dataset. Owing to the heterogeneity of formats and encodings, the files are regularized before the implementation of the automatic annotation of linguistic features. They are then uploaded to the annotation platform [INCEpTION] which has been previously customized for the fine-grained manual annotation [Bermúdez Sabel, in press]. This second type of annotation is carried out following the WoPoss guidelines [Dell’Oro, 2019] and it also involves checking the automatic annotation for curation. In a third stage the files are automatically enriched with metadata. In this paper, we focus on the first two phases of the workflow – i.e. the gathering and automatic annotation of the texts and the fine-grained manual annotation –, which have been the core tasks of the WoPoss team in the first year of the project (2019-2020)

The Results of the URRAH (Uric Acid Right for Heart Health) Project: A Focus on Hyperuricemia in Relation to Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease and its Role in Metabolic Dysregulation

The relationship between Serum Uric Acid (UA) and Cardiovascular (CV) diseases has already been extensively evaluated, and it was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but also acute coronary syndrome, stroke and heart failure. Similarly, also many papers have been published on the association between UA and kidney function, while less is known on the role of UA in metabolic derangement and, particularly, in metabolic syndrome. Despite the substantial number of publications on the topic, there are still some elements of doubt: (1) the better cut-off to be used to refine CV risk (also called CV cut-off); (2) the needing for a correction of UA values for kidney function; and (3) the better definition of its role in metabolic syndrome: is UA simply a marker, a bystander or a key pathological element of metabolic dysregulation?. The Uric acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) project was designed by the Working Group on uric acid and CV risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension to answer the first question. After the first papers that individuates specific cut-off for different CV disease, subsequent articles have been published responding to the other relevant questions. This review will summarise most of the results obtained so far from the URRAH research project

Serum Uric Acid Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Independently of Hypertriglyceridemia in Cardiometabolic Patients without Established CV Disease: A Sub-Analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) Study

High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study cohort who were followed for over 20 years and had no established cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled metabolic disease. All-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were explored by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox multivariable regression, adopting recently defined SUA cut-offs for ACM (≥4.7 mg/dL) and CVM (≥5.6 mg/dL). Exploratory analysis across cardiometabolic subgroups and a sensitivity analysis using SUA/serum creatinine were performed as validation. SUA predicted ACM (HR 1.25 [1.12-1.40], p < 0.001) and CVM (1.31 [1.11-1.74], p < 0.001) in the whole study population, and according to TG strata: ACM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.26 [1.12-1.43], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (1.31 [1.02-1.68], p = 0.033), and CVM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.46 [1.23-1.73], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.31 [0.99-1.64], p = 0.060). Exploratory and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings, suggesting a substantial role of SUA in normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, we report that SUA can predict ACM and CVM in cardiometabolic patients without established cardiovascular disease, independent of TG levels

Serum Uric Acid Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Independently of Hypertriglyceridemia in Cardiometabolic Patients without Established CV Disease: A Sub-Analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) Study

High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study cohort who were followed for over 20 years and had no established cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled metabolic disease. All-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were explored by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox multivariable regression, adopting recently defined SUA cut-offs for ACM (&gt;= 4.7 mg/dL) and CVM (&gt;= 5.6 mg/dL). Exploratory analysis across cardiometabolic subgroups and a sensitivity analysis using SUA/serum creatinine were performed as validation. SUA predicted ACM (HR 1.25 [1.12-1.40], p &lt; 0.001) and CVM (1.31 [1.11-1.74], p &lt; 0.001) in the whole study population, and according to TG strata: ACM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.26 [1.12-1.43], p &lt; 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (1.31 [1.02-1.68], p = 0.033), and CVM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.46 [1.23-1.73], p &lt; 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.31 [0.99-1.64], p = 0.060). Exploratory and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings, suggesting a substantial role of SUA in normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, we report that SUA can predict ACM and CVM in cardiometabolic patients without established cardiovascular disease, independent of TG levels

Harmonized definition of occupational burnout : A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries

Funding Information: This study was supported by the University of Lausanne and European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Action CA 16216 "Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts” (OMEGA-NET). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health. All rights reserved.Objective A consensual definition of occupational burnout is currently lacking. We aimed to harmonize the definition of occupational burnout as a health outcome in medical research and reach a consensus on this definition within the Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts (OMEGA-NET). Methods First, we performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase (January 1990 to August 2018) and a semantic analysis of the available definitions. We used the definitions of burnout and burnout-related concepts from the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) to formulate a consistent harmonized definition of the concept. Second, we sought to obtain the Delphi consensus on the proposed definition. Results We identified 88 unique definitions of burnout and assigned each of them to 1 of the 11 original definitions. The semantic analysis yielded a first proposal, further reformulated according to SNOMED-CT and the panelists` comments as follows: "In a worker, occupational burnout or occupational physical AND emotional exhaustion state is an exhaustion due to prolonged exposure to work-related problems". A panel of 50 experts (researchers and healthcare professionals with an interest for occupational burnout) reached consensus on this proposal at the second round of the Delphi, with 82% of experts agreeing on it. Conclusion This study resulted in a harmonized definition of occupational burnout approved by experts from 29 countries within OMEGA-NET. Future research should address the reproducibility of the Delphi consensus in a larger panel of experts, representing more countries, and examine the practicability of the definition.Peer reviewe