8 research outputs found

    Trace metals from historical mining sites and past metallurgical activity remain bioavailable to wildlife today.

    No full text
    11 pagesInternational audienceThroughout history, ancient human societies exploited mineral resources all over the world, even in areas that are now protected and considered to be relatively pristine. Here, we show that past mining still has an impact on wildlife in some French protected areas. We measured cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in topsoils and wood mouse kidneys from sites located in the Cévennes and the Morvan. The maximum levels of metals in these topsoils are one or two orders of magnitude greater than their commonly reported mean values in European topsoils. The transfer to biota was effective, as the lead concentration (and to a lesser extent, cadmium) in wood mouse kidneys increased with soil concentration, unlike copper and zinc, providing direct evidence that lead emitted in the environment several centuries ago is still bioavailable to free-ranging mammals. The negative correlation between kidney lead concentration and animal body condition suggests that historical mining activity may continue to play a role in the complex relationships between trace metal pollution and body indices. Ancient mining sites could therefore be used to assess the long-term fate of trace metals in soils and the subsequent risks to human health and the environment. The first evidence of extractive metallurgy dates from the 6 th millennium BC in the Near East 1,2. Since then, mining and smelting activities have developed almost everywhere that humans have settled 3,4 , resulting in the emission of unexpectedly large amounts of metals into the environment, e.g., during the Roman Empire 5,6. Deleterious consequences on human health were observed as early as the 1 st century BC, with Lucretius, for instance, pointing out "the ill effects in the miners' complexions" and writing "How deadly are the exhalations of gold mines!" (De natura rerum, 4, 808 7). Negative impacts of mining and smelting activities on animals and the environment were also recognized long ago. During the 1 st century BC, Vitruvius wrote that springs coming from mining areas were very harmful (De Architectura, 8, 5 8), while Pliny the Elder, during the 1 st century AD, noticed how silver mine emissions affect all animals (Naturalis Historia, 33, 31 9). With geographical shifts of human settlements over time, some mining and/or smelting sites may have vanished from collective memory 10-12. For instance, in the Morvan and Cévennes massifs (France), the older sites remain difficult to identify in the field, particularly in forested areas. Because of their outstanding landscapes and biodiversity, both the Morvan and the Cévennes are recognized as nature parks, considered to be pristine areas, relatively free from anthropogenic impact. These areas have nonetheless experienced several phases of mining and smelting, starting as early as the Bronze Age for the Morvan 13-15 and at least from the Iron Age for the Cévennes 16

    Impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques sur les ecosystemes actuels -synthèse des principaux résultats

    No full text
    International audienceLe Morvan et les Cévennes sont des massifs protégés pour leurs paysages et leur biodiversité exceptionnels. Cependant ces régions ont été le lieu d'activités minières et métallurgiques dès la Protohistoire. De telles activités peuvent affecter les écosys-tèmes de manière durable. Il est donc important de les localiser, puis de quantifier leur impact sur la faune et la flore. Le présent travail propose une démarche pluridisciplinaire alliant archéologie, géochimie, écologie et écotoxicologie. L'application de méthodes statistiques empruntées à la prospection minière a permis de dresser des cartes de potentiel minier, afin de guider l'ar-chéologue dans ses recherches de terrain. Des cartes de distribution spatiale des éléments traces métalliques ont été construites sur six sites (trois dans chaque parc). La biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques a été estimée à partir de l'étude de mulots, de truites et de mousses aquatiques, utilisées comme bioindicateurs. Une relation négative entre les indices de condition et la concentration en plomb dans les animaux, et dans certains cas une plus grande instabilité de développement a été mise en évidence, suggérant la présence d'effets délétères sur les organismes. L'impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques est donc toujours décelable dans les écosystèmes actuels. Ces sites doivent être surveillés, notamment au sein des zones protégées supposées à tort exemptes de toutes contaminations anthropiques. AbstRAct The Morvan and the Cevennes Massifs are now protected areas because of their outstanding landscapes and biodiversity. However, from Prehistory onwards, mining and smelting activities existed in these regions. Such activities may have a lasting effect on ecosystems. Locating these ancient sites is therefore capital and impacts on fauna and flora must be quantified. The present work is based in on a multidisciplinary approach, combining archaeology, geochemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. Statistical methods from modern prospection techniques were used to delineate geochemical anomalies, potentially due to mining exploitation, thus facilitating archaeological prospection. Spatial distribution maps of trace metals were created for six sites (three in each park). Bioavailability was assessed through analyses of wood mice, trout and aquatic mosses. A negative relationship between Pb concentrations in animals and their body condition indices was observed and, in some cases, developmental instability was higher, suggesting deleterious effects on wildlife. The impact of past mining and smelting works still remains traceable in ecosystems today. Such sites should therefore be monitored, particularly in protected areas, erroneously thought to be free of any anthropogenic contamination

    Le programme « Identification et impact des sites miniers abandonnés sur les écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres actuels » : Bilan au sein du Parc naturel régional du Morvan

    No full text
    International audienceLe Parc naturel régional du Morvan a été le lieu d'activités minières et métallurgiques dès la protohistoire. Il est important de localiser ces dernières, puis de quantifi er leur impact sur les écosystèmes actuels. C'était l'objectif du programme « Identifi cation et impact des sites miniers abandonnés sur les écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres actuels », un projet de recherche mené par l'université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (2009-2013) qui combinait archéologie, géochimie, écologie et écotoxicologie. Des cartes de potentiel minier ont d'abord été dressées afi n de guider l'archéologue dans ses prospections de terrain. La biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols a été estimée, de même que leur impact sur la faune et la fl ore. Les eff ets délétères sur les organismes sont toujours observés, bien que les travaux ayant entraîné la contamination remontent souvent à plusieurs centaines, voire milliers d'années
    corecore