Retos y oportunidades de la digitalización en la agricultura, la silvicultura y las áreas rurales

DESIRA- Digitalisation: Social and Economic Impacts in Rural Areas es un proyecto Horizonte 2020, que tiene por objetivo analizar los impactos socioeconómicos de la digitalización en áreas rurales y mejorar la capacidad de respuesta de la sociedad y las entidades políticas ante los retos que la digitalización generará en la agricultura, la silvicultura y las áreas rurales. El proyecto de investigación cuenta con 22 ‘Living Labs’ distribuidos por toda Europa que estudian el proceso de digitalización en diferentes escenarios (certificación maderera, agricultura de precisión, incendios forestales, etc.). En cada uno de ellos se identifican y analizan las circunstancias, medidas y/o normativas que puedan perjudicar o facilitar la adopción de tecnologías digitales en la agricultura, la silvicultura y las áreas rurales. Esta información es crucial para facilitar la transición digital y minimizar los potenciales impactos negativos en la sociedad que la adopción de estas nuevas tecnologías pueda generar en los próximos 10 años. Los resultados de este proyecto proporcionarán información útil para afrontar los retos y explotar al máximo las oportunidades relacionadas con la digitalización en la agricultura y las áreas rurales y para diseñar la proxima generación de políticas para las áreas rurales

How was the Hubble sequence 6 Gyrs ago?

The way galaxies assemble their mass to form the well-defined Hubble sequence is amongst the most debated topic in modern cosmology. One difficulty is to link distant galaxies to those at present epoch. We aim at establishing how were the galaxies of the Hubble sequence, 6 Gyrs ago. We intend to derive a past Hubble sequence that can be causally linked to the present-day one. We selected samples of nearby galaxies from the SDSS and of distant galaxies from the GOODS survey. We verified that each sample is representative of galaxies. We further showed that the observational conditions necessary to retrieve their morphological classification are similar in an unbiased way. Morphological analysis has been done in an identical way for all galaxies in the two samples. We found an absence of number evolution for elliptical and lenticular galaxies, which strikingly contrasts with the strong evolution of spiral and peculiar galaxies. Spiral galaxies were 2.3 times less abundant in the past, that is exactly compensated by the strong decrease by a factor 5 of peculiar galaxies. It strongly suggests that more than half of the present-day spirals had peculiar morphologies, 6 Gyrs ago, and this has to be accounted by any scenario of galactic disk evolution and formation. The past Hubble sequence can be used to test these scenarios as well as to test evolution of fundamental planes for spirals and bulges.Comment: Version accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, October 21 2009. Including low resolution images. 11 pages, 8 figure

The ritual of the Opening of the Mouth in the tomb of Djehuty (TT 11)

La liturgia de la Apertura de la boca en la tumba de Djehuty (TT 11) esta relativamente bien conservada. Se sitúa, como es habitual, en el pasillo que conduce a la capilla interna. El presente trabajo en un informe preliminar en el que destacamos el estado muy completo de la copia, posiblemente una de las más antiguas documentadas, lo que significa una importante contribución a la mejor comprensión de este ritual funerario en su conjunto.The liturgy of the Opening of the Mouth represented in the tomb of Djehuty (TT 11) is relatively well preserved. It is placed, as is customary, in the corridor leading to the inner chapel. The present paper is a preliminary report, drawing attention to the fact that here we have a very complete copy of this funerary ritual, and probably one of the oldest preserved, therefore signifying a very important contribution to the better understanding of the whole ceremony

The Evolution of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation over the past 6 Gyr

Scaling relations are salient ingredients of galaxy evolution and formation models. I summarize results from the IMAGES survey, which combines spatially-resolved kinematics from FLAMES/GIRAFFE with imaging from HST/ACS and other facilities. Specifically, I will focus on the evolution of the stellar mass and baryonic Tully-Fisher Relations (TFR) from z=0.6 down to z=0. We found a significant evolution in zero point and scatter of the stellar mass TFR compared to the local Universe. Combined with gas fractions derived by inverting the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation, we derived for the first time a baryonic TFR at high redshift. Conversely to the stellar mass TFR, the baryonic relation does not appear to evolve in zero point, which suggests that most of the reservoir of gas converted into stars over the past 6 Gyr was already gravitationally bound to galaxies at z=0.6.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 277 "Tracing the Ancestry of Galaxies"; 4 pages, 1 figur

Percepción del cambio climático de los agricultores andaluces

La agricultura andaluza, por su situación geográfica, es especialmente vulnerable al cambio climático (CC). La literatura científica muestra que los agricultores más conscientes del CC suelen ser más proclives a adaptarse. Sin embargo, actualmente no existe ningún análisis específico sobre la percepción del CC de los agricultores andaluces. Este trabajo pretende suplir esta carencia, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que modelan la disposición a decidir y actuar frente al CC. Para ello se realiza una encuesta a agricultores de diferentes sistemas agrarios existentes en la región. Del análisis estadístico exploratorio realizado en esta fase preliminar se constata la existencia de relaciones de relevancia predictiva entre la disponibilidad a la adaptación al CC y la creencia en la ocurrencia del fenómeno, los valores relacionados con la sostenibilidad y el CC, así como la percepción de los riesgos asociados. Por otra parte se constata la importancia de la formación, el relevo generacional y la inversión en tecnología

Understanding Climate Change Perception in Community-Based Management Contexts: Perspectives of Two Indigenous Communities

Many natural resources around the world are managed by indigenous communities that are closely connected to nature and have nature-based livelihoods. These communities are particularly vulnerable to climate change and in need of adaptation strategies. Therefore, understanding how a community that is connected to nature perceives climate change is crucial. Some studies have shown that the capacity to respond to climate change vulnerability might be influenced by the social ties among community members. We used Q methodology to explore and compare climate change perceptions in two indigenous communities in Colombia and Mexico. Both of these communities are characterized by nature-based livelihoods, collective ownership of land, and community-based natural resource management. We analyzed their perception of climate change and nature, their preferred options for adaptation strategies, and the sources of information they trust. The perceptions that emerged were interpreted according to the four worldviews proposed by cultural theory. Overall, this research suggests that perceptions varied across and within local contexts, meaning that different ways of understanding and dealing with climate change coexist within the communities. The results showed that hierarchy and egalitarian worldviews (as described by cultural theory) are more common in both indigenous communities. The history and lived experiences of community-based management for both communities influence preferred adaptation options to cope with climate change

Influence of surface geometry on the quality of the polishing process of glazed porous ceramic tiles

Comunicació presentada al 23rd International Congress on Project Management and Engineering CIDIP 2019 (Málaga, 10-12 July 2019)Glazed porous ceramic tiles are used for wall tiling due to their high humidity absorption, which produces deformations in them. These tiles have a good surface appearance due to its glazed layer, and polishing is not required. However, some manufacturers proceed to its subsequent polishing, obtaining high-gloss tiles. Nevertheless, the polishing process of these parts is complex because it is very difficult to obtain pieces with the flatness required for polishing, due to different contraction coefficients between the ceramic base and the glazed surface layer. In addition, during the polishing process the parts absorb water used in the process, which produces a change in its geometry, causing a decrease in productivity and a high number of defective parts. In this work a study of the geometry evolution of these pieces according to humidity content and elapsed time is carried out, and a strategy of parts pretreatment prior to polishing is proposed, which allows increasing the productivity by improving the flatness.Las baldosas cerámicas esmaltadas de gres poroso se emplean para el alicatado de paredes dada su elevada absorción de humedad, la cual produce deformaciones en las mismas. Estas baldosas presentan un buen aspecto superficial debido a la capa cristalina de esmalte, no siendo necesario su pulido. Sin embargo, algunos fabricantes proceden a su posterior pulido, obteniendo piezas de muy alto brillo. Sin embargo, el proceso de pulido de estas de piezas es muy complejo debido a que es muy difícil obtener a la salida del horno piezas con la planicidad requerida para su pulido, debido a los muy diferentes coeficientes de contracción entre la base cerámica y capa superficial de esmalte vitrificado. Además, durante el proceso de pulido las piezas absorben parte del agua empleada en el proceso, lo cual origina un cambio de su geometría, provocan un descenso de la productividad y un elevado nivel de defectos. En el trabajo propuesto se realiza un estudio de la evolución de la geometría de estas piezas en función del contenido de humedad y del tiempo transcurrido, y se propone una estrategia de tratamiento de las piezas previo al pulido que permite incrementar la productividad al mejorar la planicida

Checklist for the Multidisciplinary Approach to United Airway in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma

Dear Editor, The united airways concept calls for a multidisciplinary approach to asthma and/or chronic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis (CRS), aimed at integral airway treatment1, 2 and better coordination among specialists.3 Failure to treat rhinitis/rhinosinusitis is associated with poor asthma control, especially of severe asthma.4, 5 Biological treatments targeting type 2 (T2) inflammatory mediators in severe respiratory diseases offer a new therapeutic option directed against the pathophysiological mechanism of these difficult-to-control united airways diseases (UAD)..

Fluctuating hydrodynamic modelling of fluids at the nanoscale

A good representation of mesoscopic fluids is required to combine with molecular simulations at larger length and time scales (De Fabritiis {\it et. al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134501 (2006)). However, accurate computational models of the hydrodynamics of nanoscale molecular assemblies are lacking, at least in part because of the stochastic character of the underlying fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. Here we derive a finite volume discretization of the compressible isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamic equations over a regular grid in the Eulerian reference system. We apply it to fluids such as argon at arbitrary densities and water under ambient conditions. To that end, molecular dynamics simulations are used to derive the required fluid properties. The equilibrium state of the model is shown to be thermodynamically consistent and correctly reproduces linear hydrodynamics including relaxation of sound and shear modes. We also consider non-equilibrium states involving diffusion and convection in cavities with no-slip boundary conditions

Alpha band disruption in the AD-continuum starts in the subjective cognitive decline stage: a MEG study

The consideration of Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) as a preclinical stage of AD remains still a matter of debate. Alpha band alterations represent one of the most significant changes in the electrophysiological profile of AD. In particular, AD patients exhibit reduced alpha relative power and frequency. We used alpha band activity measured with MEG to study whether SCD and MCI elders present these electrophysiological changes characteristic of AD, and to determine the evolution of the observed alterations across AD spectrum. The total sample consisted of 131 participants: 39 elders without SCD, 41 elders with SCD and 51 MCI patients. All of them underwent MEG and MRI scans and neuropsychological assessment. SCD and MCI patients exhibited a similar reduction in alpha band activity compared with the no SCD group. However, only MCI patients showed a slowing in their alpha peak frequency compared with both SCD and no SCD. These changes in alpha band were related to worse cognition. Our results suggest that AD-related alterations may start in the SCD stage, with a reduction in alpha relative power. It is later, in the MCI stage, where the slowing of the spectral profile takes place, giving rise to objective deficits in cognitive functioning.This study was supported by two projects from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, PSI2009-14415-C03-01 and PSI2012-38375-C03-01, a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to DLS (PSI2012-38375-C03-01), and three predoctoral fellowships from the Ministry of Education to RB,NS,ICRR (FPU13/06009, FPU14/07164, FPU13/02064)