O processo sucessório em propriedades de produtores de leite nos municípios de Coronel Xavier Chaves e Silveirânia, em Minas Gerais

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores que influenciam a presença de sucessores, em unidades familiares de produção de leite nos Municípios de Coronel Xavier Chaves e Silveirânia, em Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se, como referencial teórico, a influência dos valores tradicionais, e daqueles relacionados com a modernidade, no processo sucessório. Tomou-se, como hipótese, o fato de que o nível tecnológico, o tamanho da propriedade, o acesso ao crédito, a proximidade com o centro urbano e a escolaridade poderiam influenciar a presença do sucessor nas unidades produtoras de leite. Em termos de procedimentos metodológicos, trabalhou-se, nesta pesquisa, com a perspectiva comparativa entre produtores de leite de dois municípios mineiros que apresentavam níveis tecnológicos diferentes, entre si. Utilizou-se o método de levantamento com coleta de dados em campo, por meio da aplicação de 83 questionários semiestruturados a uma amostra de produtores de leite de caráter familiar. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes t, qui-quadrado e de regressão. Os resultados não confirmaram a hipótese de que o nível de tecnologia seria fator interveniente no processo sucessório entre produtores de leite, porém se confirmaram as outras quatro hipóteses

Towards a scientific interpretation of the terroir concept: plasticity of the grape berry metabolome

BACKGROUND: The definition of the terroir concept is one of the most debated issues in oenology and viticulture. The dynamic interaction among diverse factors including the environment, the grapevine plant and the imposed viticultural techniques means that the wine produced in a given terroir is unique. However, there is an increasing interest to define and quantify the contribution of individual factors to a specific terroir objectively. Here, we characterized the metabolome and transcriptome of berries from a single clone of the Corvina variety cultivated in seven different vineyards, located in three macrozones, over a 3-year trial period. RESULTS: To overcome the anticipated strong vintage effect, we developed statistical tools that allowed us to identify distinct terroir signatures in the metabolic composition of berries from each macrozone, and from different vineyards within each macrozone. We also identified non-volatile and volatile components of the metabolome which are more plastic and therefore respond differently to terroir diversity. We observed some relationships between the plasticity of the metabolome and transcriptome, allowing a multifaceted scientific interpretation of the terroir concept. CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments with a single Corvina clone in different vineyards have revealed the existence of a clear terroir-specific effect on the transcriptome and metabolome which persists over several vintages and allows each vineyard to be characterized by the unique profile of specific metabolites.Andrea Anesi, Matteo Stocchero, Silvia Dal Santo, Mauro Commisso, Sara Zenoni, Stefania Ceoldo, Giovanni Battista Tornielli, Tracey E. Siebert, Markus Herderich, Mario Pezzotti and Flavia Guzz

Pruritus: still a challenge Prurido: ainda um desafio

Pruritus is a symptom that may be associated with a wide array of diseases - skin diseases, systemic diseases or even those without a defined cause. According to its severity and evolution, it may compromise the patients' quality of life in a significant way. New therapeutic approaches, in which histamine release is not the main event, are being described for pruritus control. Therefore, taking into account the origin of the mediators of pruritus, we conducted a review of the available resources emphasizing that, although very important, anti-histamines are not the answer for every kind of pruritus.<br>Prurido é um sintoma que pode estar associado a uma gama ampla de patologias, sejam elas cutâneas, sistêmicas ou mesmo sem causa definida . Conforme sua intensidade e evolução pode comprometer de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Novas abordagens terapêuticas estão sendo descritas para o controle do prurido, onde a liberação da histamina não é o fator principal. Assim, baseando-se na origem de seus mediadores, faz-se uma revisão desses recursos e ressalta-se que, embora de grande importância no arsenal terapêutico, os anti-histamínicos não são a panacéia para todos os tipos de prurido

Chemical and physical methodologies for the replacement/reduction of sulfur dioxide use during winemaking: review of their potentialities and limitations

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is probably one of the most versatile and efficient additives used in winemaking due to its antiseptic and antioxidant properties. This compound is also important for minimizing phenolic polymerization rate and color loss during wine aging. However, allergies caused by SO 2 -derived compounds, namely the sulfites, are becoming more frequent, causing symptoms such as headaches, nausea, gastric irritation, and breathing difficulties in asthma patients. Consequently, the legislated maximum concentration of SO 2 allowed in wines has been gradually reduced. For this reason, it is crucial in a competitive global winemaking market strategy, to reduce or even eliminate the use of SO 2 as a preservative and to search for new healthier and safe strategies. This work gives an overview of the main methodologies that have been proposed so far and that have potential to be used in winemaking as an alternative to SO 2 . The addition of compounds such as dimethyl dicarbonate, bacteriocins, phenolic compounds, and lysozyme, and the use of physical methods, namely pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation, and high pressure are discussed and critically evaluated