Recognizing Vested Development Rights As Protected Property in Fifth Amendment Due Process and Takings Claims

The purpose of this Article is to demonstrate that a landowner possessing vested development rights under state law has a property interest and reasonable expectations which are entitled to great weight when determining the viability of the landowner\u27s Fifth Amendment takings claim or substantive due process claim

WISCO oil field special waste landfill : final design report ; for Williams County, North Dakota Section 26 T. 154 N.R. 104 W

The increasing amount of special waste generated from drilling activity in western North Dakota has created the need for a local special waste landfill for the region. A quarter section of land has been selected for landfill use 20 miles west of Williston on ND 2, (sec.26, T. 154 N, R. 104 W.), Williams County. WISCO Oil Co. recognized this site as an appropriate destination to deposit the special waste. ND 2 dividing the site into Northern and Southern divisions leaves the smaller Northern division to be used for processing waste and maintenance buildings, while the larger 7 4-acre Southern division will contain the special waste landfill. The following report includes site analysis of geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, topography, soil characteristics, geomorphology, tectonic framework, and geotechnical hazards. The site investigation concludes that the site is suitable for the proposed landfill. The WISCO Oil special waste landfill\u27s design will cover a footprint of 109,000 square yards. By increasing the height the landfill potential volumes range from 2. 7 million to 4.5 million cubic yards based upon demand. Assuming an average daily deposit of 500 to 800 cubic yards of waste per day the landfill is expected to be in operation for 15 to 20 years. The site analysis and final design specifications are in compliance with North Dakota Century Code 33-22-07.1, as well as standards set by the North Dakota Department of Health Division of Waste Management

Neural evidence for Bayesian trial-by-trial adaptation on the N400 during semantic priming.

When semantic information is activated by a context prior to new bottom-up input (i.e. when a word is predicted), semantic processing of that incoming word is typically facilitated, attenuating the amplitude of the N400 event related potential (ERP) - a direct neural measure of semantic processing. N400 modulation is observed even when the context is a single semantically related "prime" word. This so-called "N400 semantic priming effect" is sensitive to the probability of encountering a related prime-target pair within an experimental block, suggesting that participants may be adapting the strength of their predictions to the predictive validity of their broader experimental environment. We formalize this adaptation using a Bayesian learning model that estimates and updates the probability of encountering a related versus an unrelated prime-target pair on each successive trial. We found that our model's trial-by-trial estimates of target word probability accounted for significant variance in trial-by-trial N400 amplitude. These findings suggest that Bayesian principles contribute to how comprehenders adapt their semantic predictions to the statistical structure of their broader environment, with implications for the functional significance of the N400 component and the predictive nature of language processing

Effectiveness of Functional Cognition Intervention for Adults with Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review

Purpose: An estimated 5.3 million Americans are living with a permanent disability due to having a traumatic brain injury (TBI) (CDC, 1999). A common deficit seen in this population includes impaired functional cognition, which is the ability to use and integrate thinking and processing skills to complete complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (Giles et al., 2017). Occupational therapy practitioners support individuals post-TBI by creating and implementing occupation-based interventions during rehabilitation to optimize functional cognition and improve individuals\u27 ability to complete IADLs. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve functional cognition in adults with post-TBI. Design: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2022, which addressed adults with TBI, and implemented functional cognition interventions which were within the scope of occupational therapy practice. Method: Results from four literature databases produced 1154 articles. Duplicate articles were removed (n=19). Teams of two researchers screened the titles and abstracts of each of the remaining 1135 articles to determine eligibility for full-text review. Next, the full text of 289 articles were reviewed to determine if they met the study’s inclusion criteria; eight articles were included in the systematic review. The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force levels of certainty and grade definitions were used to describe the strength of evidence. Results: The eight studies included in this systematic review were categorized into two themes: simulated electronic-based interventions and metacognitive strategy training. Three articles addressed simulated electronic-based interventions, which examined the effectiveness of Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART) and virtual reality training (VTR). All three articles supported the use of simulated electronic-based interventions, though the strength of evidence is classified as moderate, given their methodological limitations, which included small sample sizes and differences in participant characteristics at baseline. Five articles addressed metacognitive strategy training, of which four supported its effectiveness. This evidence is classified as moderate, in light of methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and heterogeneity of the interventions. Conclusion: Occupational therapists have a critical role in selecting and implementing intervention strategies that will aid in rehabilitating functional cognition. Based on the findings of this review, occupational therapy practitioners should consider routinely implementing metacognitive strategy training and simulated electronic-based interventions to enhance functional cognition in adults following a TBI. Occupational therapy educational programs should address these interventions in occupational curricula. Additional research is warranted to address the heterogeneity of outcome measures and interventions. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Report to Congress: Traumatic brain injury in the United States. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/ Giles, G. M., Edwards, D. F., Morrison, M. T., Baum, C., & Wolf, T. J. (2017). Screening for functional cognition in postacute care and the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation (IMPACT) Act of 2014. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(5), 7105090010. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.715001https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cahp_ot_sysrev/1002/thumbnail.jp

An instrument to identify computerised primary care research networks, genetic and disease registries prepared to conduct linked research:TRANSFoRm International Research Readiness (TIRRE) survey

PURPOSE: The Translational Research and Patients safety in Europe (TRANSFoRm) project aims to integrate primary care with clinical research whilst improving patient safety. The TRANSFoRm International Research Readiness survey (TIRRE) aims to demonstrate data use through two linked data studies and by identifying clinical data repositories and genetic databases or disease registries prepared to participate in linked research. METHOD: The TIRRE survey collects data at micro-, meso- and macro-levels of granularity; to fulfil data, study specific, business, geographical and readiness requirements of potential data providers for the TRANSFoRm demonstration studies. We used descriptive statistics to differentiate between demonstration-study compliant and non-compliant repositories. We only included surveys with >70% of questions answered in our final analysis, reporting the odds ratio (OR) of positive responses associated with a demonstration-study compliant data provider. RESULTS: We contacted 531 organisations within the Eurpean Union (EU). Two declined to supply information; 56 made a valid response and a further 26 made a partial response. Of the 56 valid responses, 29 were databases of primary care data, 12 were genetic databases and 15 were cancer registries. The demonstration compliant primary care sites made 2098 positive responses compared with 268 in non-use-case compliant data sources [OR: 4.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.93–5.35, p < 0.008]; for genetic databases: 380:44 (OR: 6.13, 95% CI: 4.25–8.85, p < 0.008) and cancer registries: 553:44 (OR: 5.87, 95% CI: 4.13–8.34, p < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: TIRRE comprehensively assesses the preparedness of data repositories to participate in specific research projects. Multiple contacts about hypothetical participation in research identified few potential sites

Interventions for Fall Prevention: An Evidence-Based Practice Project

This project considered the following Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) question: What occupational therapy and multidisciplinary/interprofessional interventions are most effective for preventing falls, decreasing fear of falling, improving safety in performing ADLs, and increasing quality of life in community-dwelling older adults

Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm frenemies: when the relationship sours

The opportunistic yeast Candida albicans and lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecalis are frequently co-isolated from various infection sites on the human body, suggesting a common interkingdom interaction. While some reports suggest an antagonism, the reason for their co-isolation therefore remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to undertake a detailed characterisation of this dual-species interaction. We used standard biofilm characterisation methodologies alongside an RNASeq analysis to assess the response of C. albicans to E. faecalis. We evaluated the relevance of pH to dual-species biofilm interactions and demonstrated that E. faecalis rapidly and significantly impacted C. albicans morphogenesis and biofilm formation, which was mirrored by levels of gene expression. These transcripts were enriched in amino acids biosynthesis and metabolism pathways in co-cultures, a finding that guided our investigation into pH related mechanism. We were able to demonstrate the direct role of E. faecalis induced low pH, which inhibited C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis and biofilm formation. The results suggest that the anti-candidal effect of E. faecalis is not based solely on a single mechanism, instead it may involve various mechanisms, which collectively reflects the complexity of interaction between C. albicans and E. faecalis and impacts treatment outcomes

STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN THE PARKLAND AND GRASSLAND NATURAL REGIONS OF ALBERTA

Moose (Alces alces) naturally colonized the Parkland Natural Region of Alberta during the 1980s and early 1990s, and later colonized the Grassland Natural Region by the early 2000s. We summarize population data during 1996–2016 for these regions, examining density, population trends, productivity, distribution, management, and moose-human conflicts to determine population status and sustainability. Within the Parkland, aerial surveys from one frequently monitored Wildlife Management Unit (WMU) indicated a significant increase (R2 = 0.7476, P &lt; 0.001) in density, representing an annual rate of change of 1.07. Pooled data from an additional 21 Parkland WMUs indicated a mean annual rate of change of 1.11. Mean density for the 22 Parkland WMUs over the study period was 0.19 ± 0.06 moose/km2, and aerial surveys indicated a mean of 74.4 ± 3.6 calves/100 cows and 51.9 ± 2.9 bulls/100 cows. Within the Grassland, winter aerial survey data from 4 WMUs indicated a mean density of 0.05 ± 0.01 moose/km2, and 72.5 ± 6.75 calves/100 cows and 108.8 ± 34.4 bulls/100 cows. Hunting in these regions has been managed with a limited entry hunt. Resident rifle hunting opportunity for moose in the Parkland and Grassland increased 4.2-fold between 1996 and 2015. Opportunity in this region also represented an increasing proportion of that available province-wide, from 3.4% in 1996 to 19.8% in 2015

Oxygen Isotopes in Authigenic Clay Minerals: Toward Building a Reliable Salinity Proxy

Most clay minerals in sedimentary environments have traditionally been considered to be of detrital origin, but under certain conditions, authigenic clay minerals can form at low temperature through the transformation of precursor clays or as direct precipitates from lake water. Such clay minerals can hold important information about the prevailing climatic conditions during the time of deposition. We present the first quantitative reconstruction of salinity in paleolake Olduvai based on the oxygen‐isotope composition of authigenic clay minerals. We provide a framework illustrating that the isotopic signature of authigenic lacustrine clay minerals is related to the isotopic composition of paleo‐waters, and hence to paleosalinity. This new paleosalinity proxy shows that the early Pleistocene East African monsoon was driven by combinations of precession and obliquity forcing and subsequent changes in tropical sea surface temperatures. Such quantitative lacustrine paleosalinity estimates provide a new direction of research for modeling ecosystem change based on an ecologically relevant parameter