Iatrogenias resultantes da inserçāo de mini-implantes

Com o intuito de facilitar e possibilitar uma atuação clinica mais tranquila na instalação desses dispositivos, procurou-se sintetizar nesta revisāo bibliográfica algumas das principais iatrogenias decorrentes desses procedimentos assim como certas manobras e locais que podem auxiliar na diminuição de tais ocorrências. Perfuraçāo do seio maxilar, trauma radicular, fratura do mini-implante, mucosites/peri-implantites, deslize do mini-implante além de injúrias ao feixe vasculonervoso foram as principais iatrogenias encontradas na literatura. Essa pesquisa permitiu a tomada de conhecimento de alguns procedimentos importantes, para que as iatrogenias nāo se intensifiquem, como: a inclinaçāo do dispositivo instalado, a realizaçāo de pre-perfurações, a preferência da instalação do dispositivo em gengiva queratinizadas, as localizações mais seguras para as instalações dos dispositivos de ancoragem temporária entre raízes além de algumas técnicas mais atuais de instalação extra-alveolar desses dispositivos.In order to facilitate and facilitate and make possible a quieter clinical performance in the installation of these devices, we tried to synthesize in this bibliographic review some of the main iatrogenies resulting from these procedures as well as certain maneuvers and places that can help in the reduction of such occurrences. Maxillary sinus perforation, radicular trauma, mini-implant fracture, mucositis/ perimplantites, mini-implant slide and injuries to the vascular-nervous bundle were the main iatrogenic factors found in the literature. This research allowed the knowledge of some important procedures to prevent iatrogenies from intensifying, such as: inclination of the installed device, the accomplishment of pre-perforations, the preference of installing the device in keratinized gingiva, the safest locations for the installation of DAT(s) between roots, and some more current techniques for extra-cellular installation of these devices

Iatrogenias resultantes da inserçāo de mini-implantes

Com o intuito de facilitar e possibilitar uma atuação clinica mais tranquila na instalação desses dispositivos, procurou-se sintetizar nesta revisāo bibliográfica algumas das principais iatrogenias decorrentes desses procedimentos assim como certas manobras e locais que podem auxiliar na diminuição de tais ocorrências. Perfuraçāo do seio maxilar, trauma radicular, fratura do mini-implante, mucosites/peri-implantites, deslize do mini-implante além de injúrias ao feixe vasculonervoso foram as principais iatrogenias encontradas na literatura. Essa pesquisa permitiu a tomada de conhecimento de alguns procedimentos importantes, para que as iatrogenias nāo se intensifiquem, como: a inclinaçāo do dispositivo instalado, a realizaçāo de pre-perfurações, a preferência da instalação do dispositivo em gengiva queratinizadas, as localizações mais seguras para as instalações dos dispositivos de ancoragem temporária entre raízes além de algumas técnicas mais atuais de instalação extra-alveolar desses dispositivos.In order to facilitate and facilitate and make possible a quieter clinical performance in the installation of these devices, we tried to synthesize in this bibliographic review some of the main iatrogenies resulting from these procedures as well as certain maneuvers and places that can help in the reduction of such occurrences. Maxillary sinus perforation, radicular trauma, mini-implant fracture, mucositis/ perimplantites, mini-implant slide and injuries to the vascular-nervous bundle were the main iatrogenic factors found in the literature. This research allowed the knowledge of some important procedures to prevent iatrogenies from intensifying, such as: inclination of the installed device, the accomplishment of pre-perforations, the preference of installing the device in keratinized gingiva, the safest locations for the installation of DAT(s) between roots, and some more current techniques for extra-cellular installation of these devices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR): A major challenge for the aquaculture industry in Bangladesh

This fact sheet is to provide up-to-date information supported by scientific evidence on the importance of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic food systems of Bangladesh to support all relevant stakeholders to engage in interventions and actions to minimize AMU and promote One Health initiatives through responsible and sustainable aquaculture practices

Aquatic food systems and antimicrobial use in Bangladesh: A One Health perspective

This scoping review is one of the deliverables of the antimicrobial resistance work package of the CGIAR Initiative on One Health. It reviews past literature and projects on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic food systems of Bangladesh from a One Health perspective. The purpose of this review is to gain a better understanding of the challenges of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in the prevailing aquatic food production systems in Bangladesh using a One Health approach. The review also sheds light on past and ongoing initiatives led by government agencies, non-governmental organizations and collaborative research partners to reduce the burden of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture in Bangladesh

Tilapia aquaculture, emerging diseases, and the roles of the skin microbiomes in health and disease

This is the finale version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordAquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in global food security, especially for low-income and food-deficit countries. The majority of aquaculture production occurs in freshwater earthen ponds and tilapia has quickly become one of the most widely adopted culture species in these systems. Tilapia are now farmed in over 140 countries facilitated by their ease of production, adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, fast growth, and high nutritional value. Typically, tilapia have been considered a hardy, disease resilient species; however, the disease is increasing with subsequent threats to the industry as their production is intensified. In this review, we discuss tilapia production, with a focus on Bangladesh as one of the top producing countries, and highlight the problems associated with disease and treatment approaches for them, including the misuse of antimicrobials. We address a key missing component in understanding health and disease processes for sustainable production in aquaculture, specifically the role played by the microbiome. Here we examine the importance of the microbiome in supporting health, focused on the symbiotic microbial community of the fish skin mucosal surface, the abiotic and biotic factors that influence the microbiome, and the shifts that are associated with diseased states. We also identify conserved taxa of skin microbiomes that may be used as indicators of health status for tilapia offering new opportunities to mitigate and manage the disease and optimize environmental growing conditions and farming practices.University of ExeterWorldFishCefasBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems (FISH

Genetic correlations between harvest weight and secondary traits in a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) genetic improvement program

In 2017, the base population of a family-based silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) genetic improvement program was spawned in Bangladesh. This program aims to improve the growth rate of silver carp under polyculture production systems, through direct selection on the primary trait of harvest-age weight. The objective of this study was to quantify genetic variation in, and genetic correlations between, harvest-age weight (assessed on 8012 fish from 184 families) and a set of secondary traits (assessed on 1603 fish from 175 families). Secondary traits examined included feeding and digestive system traits (i.e. gill raker sponginess and gut length as a ratio of standard length), a morphometric trait (i.e. extent of overlap of pectoral and pelvic fins) and health traits (i.e. presence of Lernaea and prevalence of red spots — sites of inflammation/haemorrhaging). Despite not being under direct selection, genetic change in secondary traits is possible across generations in closed genetic improvement populations as a result of a correlated response to selection for the primary trait (i.e. indirect selection), adaptation to culture conditions, inbreeding and/or genetic drift. It was found that the additive genetic variance within genetic groups was significantly different from zero for all but the studied health traits. Heritability estimates for harvest-age weight and pectoral/pelvic fin overlap were moderate (0.24 and 0.22, respectively) but were low for gill raker score and relative gut length (0.12 and 0.09, respectively). Genetic correlations between harvest-age weight and secondary traits were not significantly different from zero, indicating that selection for harvest-age weight will not result in a correlated response to selection in the studied secondary traits

Evolution of the capsular operon of Streptococcus iniae in response to vaccination

Streptococcus iniae causes severe septicemia and meningitis in farmed fish and is also occasionally zoonotic. Vaccination against S. iniae is problematic, with frequent breakdown of protection in vaccinated fish. The major protective antigens in S. iniae are the polysaccharides of the capsule, which are essential for virulence. Capsular biosynthesis is driven and regulated by a 21-kb operon comprising up to 20 genes. In a long-term study, we have sequenced the capsular operon of strains that have been used in autogenous vaccines across Australia and compared it with the capsular operon sequences of strains subsequently isolated from infected vaccinated fish. Intriguingly, strains isolated from vaccinated fish that subsequently become infected have coding mutations that are confined to a limited number of genes in the cps operon, with the remainder of the genes in the operon remaining stable. Mutations in strains in diseased vaccinated fish occur in key genes in the capsular operon that are associated with polysaccharide configuration (cpsG) and with regulation of biosynthesis (cpsD and cpsE). This, along with high ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations within the cps genes, suggests that immune response directed predominantly against capsular polysaccharide may be driving evolution in a very specific set of genes in the operon. From these data, it may be possible to design a simple polyvalent vaccine with a greater operational life span than the current monovalent killed bacterins

Relationships between pond water and tilapia skin microbiomes in aquaculture ponds in Malawi

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData availability: Raw sequencing reads were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession PRJEB46984. Data processing, analysis scripts and final ASV tables are accessible at https://github.com/jamiemcm/Malawi_Tilapia_MicrobiomesIntensification of fish farming practices is being driven by the demand for increased food production to support a rapidly growing global human population, particularly in lower-middle income countries. Intensification of production, however, increases the risk of disease outbreaks and thus the likelihood for crop losses. The microbial communities that colonise the skin mucosal surface of fish are poorly understood, but are important in maintaining fish health and resistance against disease. This skin microbial community is susceptible to disruption through stressors associated with transport, handling and the environment of intensive practices, and this risks the propagation of disease-causing pathogens. In this study, we characterised the microbial assemblages found on tilapia skin — the most widely farmed finfish globally — and in the surrounding water of seven earthen aquaculture ponds from two pond systems in distinct geographic regions in Malawi. Metabarcoding approaches were used to sequence the prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities. We found 92% of prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants were common to both skin and water samples. Differentially enriched and core taxa, however, differed between the skin and water samples. In tilapia skin, Cetobacterium, Paucibacter, Pseudomonas and Comamonadaceae were enriched, whereas, the cyanobacteria Cyanobium, Microcystis and/or Synechocystis, and the diatom Cyclotella, were most prevalent in pond water. Ponds that clustered together according to their water prokaryotic communities also had similar microeukaryotic communities indicating strong environmental influences on prokaryotic and microeukaryotic community structures. While strong site-specific clustering was observed in pond water, the grouping of tilapia skin prokaryotes by pond site was less distinct, suggesting fish microbiota have a greater buffering capacity against environmental influences. The characterised diversity, structure and variance of microbial communities associated with tilapia culture in Malawi provide the baseline for studies on how future intensification practices may lead to microbial dysbiosis and disease onset.Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Newton FundWorldFis