The Saccharina latissima microbiome: Effects of region, season, and physiology

IntroductionSaccharina latissima is a canopy-forming species of brown algae and, as such, is considered an ecosystem engineer. Several populations of this alga are exploited worldwide, and a decrease in the abundance of S. latissima at its southern distributional range limits has been observed. Despite its economic and ecological interest, only a few data are available on the composition of microbiota associated with S. latissima and its role in algal physiologyn.MethodsWe studied the whole bacterial community composition associated with S. latissima samples from three locations (Brittany, Helgoland, and Skagerrak) by 16S metabarcoding analyses at different scales: algal blade part, regions, season (at one site), and algal physiologic state.Results and DiscussionWe have shown that the difference in bacterial composition is driven by factors of decreasing importance: (i) the algal tissues (apex/meristem), (ii) the geographical area, (iii) the seasons (at the Roscoff site), and (iv) the algal host’s condition (healthy vs. symptoms). Overall, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia dominated the general bacterial communities. Almost all individuals hosted bacteria of the genus Granulosicoccus, accounting for 12% of the total sequences, and eight additional core genera were identified. Our results also highlight a microbial signature characteristic for algae in poor health independent of the disease symptoms. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the S. latissima microbiome, forming a basis for understanding holobiont functioning

Exploitation of distributed solar radiation databases through a smart network: the project SoDa

The project SoDa answers the needs of industry and research for information on solar radiation parameters with a satisfactory quality. The methodology is user-driven with a large involvement of users in the project, who will gauge the progresses and achievements. A prototype service will be developed, using Internet technology, that will integrate and efficiently exploit diverse networked information sources to supply value-added information. A multi-disciplinary consortium has been assembled, which gathers companies and researchers with the necessary expertise in solar radiation and information and communication technologies. Customers and potential users are also represented as partners in the consortium via the involvement of commercial private vendors of solar radiation databases and of representatives of large research and development programs. A call is launched to recruit customers to assess the prototype. The project SoDa builds on the expertise gained in previous projects, such as the digital atlases MeteoNorm and European Solar Radiation Atlas, the Web servers Satel-Light and Helioserve, and the Guide of the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers of United Kingdom. Access to data and applications will be improved; efforts will be made on interpolation methods and satellite data processing to achieve better quality; emphasis will be put on applications to supply information actually needed by customers, instead of raw data

SoDa: a Web service on solar radiation

ISBN 3-9809656-4-3International audienceA Web service has been developed for answering the needs of industry and research for information on solar radiation parameters with a satisfactory quality. It intends to solve the three major problems identified by customers: i) improving access to information, ii) improving knowledge on space and time structure and iii) improving matching of delivered information to actual needs of customers. This service (http://www.soda-is.com) is also innovative with respect to the Internet technologies: it is performing a smart networking of information sources of different natures: databases (radiation, meteorology, elevation, geography...) and algorithms (computation of radiation on slopes, sizing of systems...). These sources were available separately and are geographically dispersed. The service SoDa makes them cooperating and combines them in order to answer to requests, ranging from a series of irradiation values to the sizing of a system

Pelvic trauma : WSES classification and guidelines

Complex pelvic injuries are among the most dangerous and deadly trauma related lesions. Different classification systems exist, some are based on the mechanism of injury, some on anatomic patterns and some are focusing on the resulting instability requiring operative fixation. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic impairment of pelvic ring function and the associated injuries. The management of pelvic trauma patients aims definitively to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology associated to the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring. Thus the management of pelvic trauma must be multidisciplinary and should be ultimately based on the physiology of the patient and the anatomy of the injury. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of pelvic trauma and the management Guidelines.Peer reviewe

Antiretroviral-naive and -treated HIV-1 patients can harbour more resistant viruses in CSF than in plasma

Objectives The neurological disorders in HIV-1-infected patients remain prevalent. The HIV-1 resistance in plasma and CSF was compared in patients with neurological disorders in a multicentre study. Methods Blood and CSF samples were collected at time of neurological disorders for 244 patients. The viral loads were >50 copies/mL in both compartments and bulk genotypic tests were realized. Results On 244 patients, 89 and 155 were antiretroviral (ARV) naive and ARV treated, respectively. In ARV-naive patients, detection of mutations in CSF and not in plasma were reported for the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene in 2/89 patients (2.2%) and for the protease gene in 1/89 patients (1.1%). In ARV-treated patients, 19/152 (12.5%) patients had HIV-1 mutations only in the CSF for the RT gene and 30/151 (19.8%) for the protease gene. Two mutations appeared statistically more prevalent in the CSF than in plasma: M41L (P = 0.0455) and T215Y (P = 0.0455). Conclusions In most cases, resistance mutations were present and similar in both studied compartments. However, in 3.4% of ARV-naive and 8.8% of ARV-treated patients, the virus was more resistant in CSF than in plasma. These results support the need for genotypic resistance testing when lumbar puncture is performe

Fatal Case of Listeria innocua Bacteremia

Listeria innocua is widespread in the environment and in food. This species has to date never been described in association with human disease. We report a case of fatal bacteremia caused by L. innocua in a 62-year-old patient

IT Service Management at CERN: Data Centre and Service monitoring and status

The Information Technology department at CERN has been using ITIL Service Management methodologies [1] and ServiceNow since early 2011. In recent years, several developments have been accomplished regarding the data centre and service monitoring, as well as service status reporting. The CERN Service Portal, built on top of ServiceNow, hosts the CERN Service Status Board, which informs end users and supporters of ongoing service incidents, planned interventions and service changes. The Service Portal also includes the Service Availability Dashboard, which displays the technical status of CERN computing services. Finally, ServiceNow has been integrated with the data centre monitoring infrastructure, via GNI (General Notification Infrastructure) in order to implement event management and generate incidents from hardware, network, operating system and application alarms. We detail how these developments have been implemented, and how they help supporters monitor and solve issues and keep users informed of service status. Also, we highlight which lessons have been learnt after the implementation. Finally, possible future improvements are discussed