Münch-Mertz (Eveline), Au chevet de l’humanité souffrante. Les médecins cantonaux ou médecins des pauvres dans le département du Haut-Rhin (1825-1870)

C’est à une catégorie particulière du monde médical du XIXe siècle que s’intéresse Eveline Münch-Mertz dans cet ouvrage issu de sa thèse, dirigée par Jean-Michel Boehler, aujourd’hui professeur émérite à l’Université Marc Bloch de Strasbourg, qui, dans sa préface, souligne tout l’intérêt de cette étude, véritable histoire socio-culturelle d’un groupe, celui des médecins cantonaux du département du Haut-Rhin, des praticiens « de terrain » au service des indigents malades. L’auteur a su en effe..

Münch-Mertz (Eveline), Au chevet de l’humanité souffrante. Les médecins cantonaux ou médecins des pauvres dans le département du Haut-Rhin (1825-1870)

C’est à une catégorie particulière du monde médical du XIXe siècle que s’intéresse Eveline Münch-Mertz dans cet ouvrage issu de sa thèse, dirigée par Jean-Michel Boehler, aujourd’hui professeur émérite à l’Université Marc Bloch de Strasbourg, qui, dans sa préface, souligne tout l’intérêt de cette étude, véritable histoire socio-culturelle d’un groupe, celui des médecins cantonaux du département du Haut-Rhin, des praticiens « de terrain » au service des indigents malades. L’auteur a su en effe..

Making New "New AI" Friends : Designing a Social Robot for Diabetic Children from an Embodied AI Perspective

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Robin is a cognitively and motivationally autonomous affective robot toddler with "robot diabetes" that we have developed to support perceived self-efficacy and emotional wellbeing in children with diabetes by providing them with positive mastery experiences of diabetes management in a playful but realistic and natural interaction context. Underlying the design of Robin is an "Embodied" (formerly also known as "New") Artificial Intelligence approach to robotics. In this paper we discuss the rationale behind the design of Robin to meet the needs of our intended end users (both children and medical staff), and how "New AI" provides a suitable approach to developing a friendly companion that fulfills the therapeutic and affective requirements of our end users beyond other approaches commonly used in assistive robotics and child-robot interaction. Finally, we discuss how our approach permitted our robot to interact with and provide suitable experiences of diabetes management to children with very different social interaction styles.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Examining ecological validity in social interaction: problems of visual fidelity, gaze, and social potential

Social interaction is an essential part of the human experience, and much work has been done to study it. However, several common approaches to examining social interactions in psychological research may inadvertently either unnaturally constrain the observed behaviour by causing it to deviate from naturalistic performance, or introduce unwanted sources of variance. In particular, these sources are the differences between naturalistic and experimental behaviour that occur from changes in visual fidelity (quality of the observed stimuli), gaze (whether it is controlled for in the stimuli), and social potential (potential for the stimuli to provide actual interaction). We expand on these possible sources of extraneous variance and why they may be important. We review the ways in which experimenters have developed novel designs to remove these sources of extraneous variance. New experimental designs using a ‘two-person’ approach are argued to be one of the most effective ways to develop more ecologically valid measures of social interaction, and we suggest that future work on social interaction should use these designs wherever possible

Biosignals reflect pair-dynamics in collaborative work : EDA and ECG study of pair-programming in a classroom environment

Collaboration is a complex phenomenon, where intersubjective dynamics can greatly affect the productive outcome. Evaluation of collaboration is thus of great interest, and can potentially help achieve better outcomes and performance. However, quantitative measurement of collaboration is difficult, because much of the interaction occurs in the intersubjective space between collaborators. Manual observation and/or self-reports are subjective, laborious, and have a poor temporal resolution. The problem is compounded in natural settings where task-activity and response-compliance cannot be controlled. Physiological signals provide an objective mean to quantify intersubjective rapport (as synchrony), but require novel methods to support broad deployment outside the lab. We studied 28 student dyads during a self-directed classroom pair-programming exercise. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activation was measured during task performance using electrodermal activity and electrocardiography. Results suggest that (a) we can isolate cognitive processes (mental workload) from confounding environmental effects, and (b) electrodermal signals show role-specific but correlated affective response profiles. We demonstrate the potential for social physiological compliance to quantify pair-work in natural settings, with no experimental manipulation of participants required. Our objective approach has a high temporal resolution, is scalable, non-intrusive, and robust.Peer reviewe

Automatic recognition of coordination level in an imitation task

International audienc

Le cinéma entre vérité, fiction et silences : l’exemple de la consommation d’alcool à l’écran

Kino zwischen Wahrheit, Fiktion und Verschweigen : Beispiel Alkoholkonsum am Bildschirm Wer die komplexen und oft mehrdeutigen Beziehungen verstehen will, die unsere Gesellschaft zum Alkohol unterhält, der wird in Filmen reichlich Material dazu finden. Die Untersuchung, über die hier berichtet wird und die auf der Analyse eines breiten Korpus französischer Filme seit den Anfängen des Tonfilms beruht, zeigt, dass die siebente Kunst zwar die Praxis des Alkoholkonsums und die damit verbundenen Vorstel-lungen treu wiedergibt, dass sie aber de fakto auch eine imaginâre Neubewertung der Realitat vomimmt und unvermeidlich Verzerrungen einfuhrt. Von daher ist die Filmkunst -ein „Komplex aus realen und irrealen Aspekten“ -durchdrun-gen von offen gesagten und versteckten Aspekten gegenüber dem, was wir von unserer Gesellschaft wissen oder zu wissen glauben. Wenn das in unserer Kultur vorherrschende doppelte -positive und negative -Image des Alkohols, often am Biidschirm behandelt wird, sind bedeutende Verzerrungen festzustellen, die selbst wieder sinngebend sind durch ailes, was sie von der Gesellschaft selbst und den dort ablaufenden ideologischen Prozessen aufzeigen.For those who wish to understand the complex, and often ambiguous, relations that our society entertains with alcohol, films are a particularly rich resource. The study we report on here is based on the analysis of a vast corpus of French productions since the beginning of the talkies and demonstrates that while cinema is a good “recorder” of the practice of consuming alcoholic drinks and the representations associated thereto, it also gives an imaginary retranslation of reality and introduces inevitable distortions. Thus, in relation to what we know (or think we know) of today’s society, is film production a “real /unreal complex” impregnated with a set of “what is said» but also “what is left unsaid” ? If the double image of alcohol in our culture, with its positive and negative aspects, appears patently on the screen, we can nonetheless observe extensive deformations that are themselves meaningful in all that they reveal of society itself and the ideological processes which are at work here.Pour qui cherche à appréhender les rapports complexes et souvent ambigus que notre société entretient avec l’alcool, les films constituent un matériau particulièrement riche. L’étude dont il est ici rendu compte, et qui repose sur l’analyse d’un vaste corpus de réalisations françaises depuis les débuts du parlant, montre que si le septième art est un bon «enregistreur» des pratiques de consommation de boissons alcooliques et des représentations qui leur sont associées, il opère aussi, de fait, une retraduction imaginaire de la réalité et introduit d’inévitables distorsions. Ainsi, l’œuvre filmique, «complexe de réel et d’irréel », est-elle imprégnée, par rapport à ce que nous savons (ou croyons savoir) de la société existante, d’un ensemble de «dits», mais aussi de «non-dits». Si la double image, positive et négative, qui est celle de l’alcool dans notre culture, apparaît de façon patente à l’écran, d’importantes déformations sont repérables, en elles-mêmes porteuses de sens par tout ce qu’elles révèlent de la société elle-même et des processus idéologiques qui y sont à l’œuvre.Steudler François, Steudler-Delaherche Françoise. Le cinéma entre vérité, fiction et silences : l’exemple de la consommation d’alcool à l’écran. In: Revue des sciences sociales, N°34, 2005. Le rapport à l'image. pp. 106-119

Characterization of coordination in an imitation task

International audienc