La autoestima y el proceso de aprendizaje en escolares de la institución educativa inicial 404 de Mazo

Las personas determinan una serie de condiciones favorable para que su vida sea exitosa o de lo contrario que puede ser conflictiva, ello implica que desde niños debe de generarse en su vida factores que orientan su vida a reacciones positivas cuando los estímulos externos sean poco favorables a su desarrollo, lo que incide que la formación de la autoestima los ayude a actuar en todo campo de la vida personal, incluyendo el proceso educativo que le toca vivir. Según lo testimoniado el propósito del estudio es fijar la dependencia entre la autoestima y el proceso de aprendizaje en escolares de la Institución Educativa Inicial 404 de Mazo. Para llevar a efecto se define la investigación como elemental, de dirección cuantitativa, de tipo representativa y de diseño correlacional; la muestra poblacional que sirvió para el estudio fueron los 25 niños de la institución educativa, pero para la aplicación de los instrumentos que fueron las fichas de observación para las variables. Procesado los datos estadísticos de forma descriptiva e inferencial se contrastaron las hipótesis que arrojaron los resultados: se muestra una correlación de r=0,702 con una significancia inferior r a 0,05 la que consiente a la hipótesis propuesta e impugna la hipótesis opuesta. Por tanto, concluimos que se manifiesta la existencia de reciprocidad explicativa entre la autoestima y el proceso de aprendizaje en escolares de la Institución Educativa Inicial 404 de Mazo, evidenciando una intensidad buena

Role of cis-zeatin in root responses to phosphate starvation

Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for all organisms. Root are underground organs, but the majority of the root biology studies have been done growing the root system in presence of light.Root illumination alters the Pi starvation response (PSR) at different levels. Thus, we have analyzed morphological, transcriptional and physiological responses to Pi starvation in dark‐grown roots.We have identified new genes and pathways regulated by Pi starvation that were not described previously. We also show that Pi‐starved plants increase the cis‐zeatin (cZ)/trans‐zeatin (tZ) ratio. Transcriptomic analyses show that tZ preferentially represses cell cycle and PSR genes while cZ induces genes involved in cell and root hair elongation and differentiation. In fact, cZ‐treated seedlings show longer root system as well as longer root hairs than tZ‐treated, increasing the total absorbing surface. Mutants with low cZ levels do not allocate free Pi in roots during Pi starvation.We propose that Pi‐starved plants increase the cZ/tZ ratio to maintain basal CK responses and allocate Pi in the root system to sustain its growth. Therefore, cZ acts as a Pi‐starvation response hormone that stimulates root and root hair elongation to enlarge root absorbing surface and to increase Pi levels in roots

Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease Associated to Oxaliplatin: An Entity to Think about It

Portal sinusoidal vascular disease is a presinusoidal cause of portal hypertension (PHT) of unknown etiology, characterized by typical manifestations of PHT (esophageal varices, ascites, portosystemic collaterals), plaquetopenia and splenomegaly with a gradient of portal pressure slightly increased, according to the presinusoidal nature of the PHT. A few cases in the literature have shown a relationship between oxaliplatin and the development of presinusoidal portal hypertension, years after the chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (therefore, different to sinusoidal obstruction syndrome). There are three mechanisms through which oxaliplatin can cause sinusoidal damage: 1) damage at the level of endothelial cells and stimulates the release of free radicals and depletion of glutathione transferase, with altering the integrity of the sinusoidal cells. The damage in the endothelial sinusoidal cells allows to erythrocytes to across into the Dissé space and formation of perisinusoidal fibrosis, 2) the appearance of nodular regenerative hyperplasia is favored by the chronic hypoxia of the centrilobular areas and, finally, 3) oxaliplatin can generate an obliteration of the blood capillaries and zones of parenchymal extinction. These three facts can develop, in a minority of cases, the appearance of a presinusoidal increase of portal pressure, which typically appears years after the completion of chemotherapy and sometimes is underdiagnosed until variceal bleeding, ascites or encephalopathy appear. The knowledge of this pathology is essential to be able to perform an early diagnostic and consult to the hepatologist.Funding: This research received an external funding of CI18/67/02 Acuerdo de cooperación en el programa de becas de investigación científica de IDIVAL de JANSSEN-CILAG, S.A

Defining functional distances over Gene Ontology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A fundamental problem when trying to define the functional relationships between proteins is the difficulty in quantifying functional similarities, even when well-structured ontologies exist regarding the activity of proteins (i.e. 'gene ontology' -GO-). However, functional metrics can overcome the problems in the comparing and evaluating functional assignments and predictions. As a reference of proximity, previous approaches to compare GO terms considered linkage in terms of ontology weighted by a probability distribution that balances the non-uniform 'richness' of different parts of the Direct Acyclic Graph. Here, we have followed a different approach to quantify functional similarities between GO terms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new method to derive 'functional distances' between GO terms that is based on the simultaneous occurrence of terms in the same set of Interpro entries, instead of relying on the structure of the GO. The coincidence of GO terms reveals natural biological links between the GO functions and defines a distance model <it>D</it>_{<it>f </it>}which fulfils the properties of a Metric Space. The distances obtained in this way can be represented as a hierarchical 'Functional Tree'.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The method proposed provides a new definition of distance that enables the similarity between GO terms to be quantified. Additionally, the 'Functional Tree' defines groups with biological meaning enhancing its utility for protein function comparison and prediction. Finally, this approach could be for function-based protein searches in databases, and for analysing the gene clusters produced by DNA array experiments.</p

wKinMut: An integrated tool for the analysis and interpretation of mutations in human protein kinases

BACKGROUND: Protein kinases are involved in relevant physiological functions and a broad number of mutations in this superfamily have been reported in the literature to affect protein function and stability. Unfortunately, the exploration of the consequences on the phenotypes of each individual mutation remains a considerable challenge. RESULTS: The wKinMut web-server offers direct prediction of the potential pathogenicity of the mutations from a number of methods, including our recently developed prediction method based on the combination of information from a range of diverse sources, including physicochemical properties and functional annotations from FireDB and Swissprot and kinase-specific characteristics such as the membership to specific kinase groups, the annotation with disease-associated GO terms or the occurrence of the mutation in PFAM domains, and the relevance of the residues in determining kinase subfamily specificity from S3Det. This predictor yields interesting results that compare favourably with other methods in the field when applied to protein kinases. Together with the predictions, wKinMut offers a number of integrated services for the analysis of mutations. These include: the classification of the kinase, information about associations of the kinase with other proteins extracted from iHop, the mapping of the mutations onto PDB structures, pathogenicity records from a number of databases and the classification of mutations in large-scale cancer studies. Importantly, wKinMut is connected with the SNP2L system that extracts mentions of mutations directly from the literature, and therefore increases the possibilities of finding interesting functional information associated to the studied mutations. CONCLUSIONS: wKinMut facilitates the exploration of the information available about individual mutations by integrating prediction approaches with the automatic extraction of information from the literature (text mining) and several state-of-the-art databases. wKinMut has been used during the last year for the analysis of the consequences of mutations in the context of a number of cancer genome projects, including the recent analysis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia cases and is publicly available at http://wkinmut.bioinfo.cnio.es

An auxin-regulable oscillatory circuit drives the root clock in Arabidopsis

CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)In Arabidopsis, the root clock regulates the spacing of lateral organs along the primary root through oscillating gene expression. The core molecular mechanism that drives the root clock periodicity and how it is modified by exogenous cues such as auxin and gravity remain unknown. We identified the key elements of the oscillator (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7, its auxin-sensitive inhibitor IAA18/POTENT, and auxin) that form a negative regulatory loop circuit in the oscillation zone. Through multilevel computer modeling fitted to experimental data, we explain how gene expression oscillations coordinate with cell division and growth to create the periodic pattern of organ spacing. Furthermore, gravistimulation experiments based on the model predictions show that external auxin stimuli can lead to entrainment of the root clock. Our work demonstrates the mechanism underlying a robust biological clock and how it can respond to external stimuli.This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (MINECO) and/or the ERDF (BFU2016-80315-P to M.A.M.-R., BIO2017-82209-R to J.C.d.P., and TIN2016-81079-R to A.R.-P.), the Comunidad de Madrid and/or ERDF and ESF (2017-T1/BIO-5654 to K.W. and S2017/BMD-3691 to A.R.-P.), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the NIH (R35-GM131725 to P.N.B.), the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO Flanders) (G022516N, G020918N, and G024118N to T.B.), and the “Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R&D” from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of Spain [SEV-2016-0672 (2017–2021)] to K.W., P.P.-G., and M.A.M.-R. through CBGP. M.M. was supported by a postdoctoral contract associated to SEV-2016-0672, E.B.-A. by Ayudante de Investigacion contract PEJ-2017-AI/BIO-7360 from the Comunidad de Madrid, A.S.-C. and L.S.-R. by FPI contracts from MINECO (BES-2014-068852 and BES-2017-080155, respectively), J.C. by a Juan de la Cierva contract from MINECO (FJCI-2016-28607), P.P.-G. by a Juan de la Cierva contract from MINECO (FJCI-2015-24905) and Programa Atraccion Talento from Comunidad Madrid (2017-T2/BIO-3453), A.S. by a Torres Quevedo contract from MINECO (PTQ-15-07915), and K.W. by program PGC2018-093387-A-I00 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICIU)Peer reviewe

An expanded evaluation of protein function prediction methods shows an improvement in accuracy

Background: A major bottleneck in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of life is the assignment of function to proteins. While molecular experiments provide the most reliable annotation of proteins, their relatively low throughput and restricted purview have led to an increasing role for computational function prediction. However, assessing methods for protein function prediction and tracking progress in the field remain challenging. Results: We conducted the second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function. We evaluated 126 methods from 56 research groups for their ability to predict biological functions using Gene Ontology and gene-disease associations using Human Phenotype Ontology on a set of 3681 proteins from 18 species. CAFA2 featured expanded analysis compared with CAFA1, with regards to data set size, variety, and assessment metrics. To review progress in the field, the analysis compared the best methods from CAFA1 to those of CAFA2. Conclusions: The top-performing methods in CAFA2 outperformed those from CAFA1. This increased accuracy can be attributed to a combination of the growing number of experimental annotations and improved methods for function prediction. The assessment also revealed that the definition of top-performing algorithms is ontology specific, that different performance metrics can be used to probe the nature of accurate predictions, and the relative diversity of predictions in the biological process and human phenotype ontologies. While there was methodological improvement between CAFA1 and CAFA2, the interpretation of results and usefulness of individual methods remain context-dependent. Keywords: Protein function prediction, Disease gene prioritizationpublishedVersio

An Expanded Evaluation of Protein Function Prediction Methods Shows an Improvement In Accuracy

Background: A major bottleneck in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of life is the assignment of function to proteins. While molecular experiments provide the most reliable annotation of proteins, their relatively low throughput and restricted purview have led to an increasing role for computational function prediction. However, assessing methods for protein function prediction and tracking progress in the field remain challenging. Results: We conducted the second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function. We evaluated 126 methods from 56 research groups for their ability to predict biological functions using Gene Ontology and gene-disease associations using Human Phenotype Ontology on a set of 3681 proteins from 18 species. CAFA2 featured expanded analysis compared with CAFA1, with regards to data set size, variety, and assessment metrics. To review progress in the field, the analysis compared the best methods from CAFA1 to those of CAFA2. Conclusions: The top-performing methods in CAFA2 outperformed those from CAFA1. This increased accuracy can be attributed to a combination of the growing number of experimental annotations and improved methods for function prediction. The assessment also revealed that the definition of top-performing algorithms is ontology specific, that different performance metrics can be used to probe the nature of accurate predictions, and the relative diversity of predictions in the biological process and human phenotype ontologies. While there was methodological improvement between CAFA1 and CAFA2, the interpretation of results and usefulness of individual methods remain context-dependent