Adjunctive Use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors for Improving Alveolar Socket Healing: A Systematic Review

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the adjunctive use of plasma rich in growth factors in post-extraction sites could be beneficial in terms of hard/soft tissue healing and patient\u2019s comfort. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL. Only controlled clinical trials or randomized clinical trials that used plasma rich in growth factors in the test group were included. The primary outcomes were: pain assessment, complications and adverse events; secondary outcomes were hard tissue healing, bone remodelling, soft tissue healing. Results: Eight comparative studies (5 RCTs) were included. Four studies had a split-mouth design. 614 teeth were extracted in 338 patients. Only qualitative analysis could be done. Postoperative pain and the incidence of complications like alveolar osteitis was consistently lower in the test group. Hard tissue healing, evaluated by clinical, radiographic, histological and histomorphometric technique showed results significantly better for the test group in almost all studies. Better epithelization, keratinized tissue thickness and healing score were also reported. Conclusion: Plasma rich in growth factors may bring advantages in some relevant clinical and radiographic outcomes following tooth extraction, such as bone density and soft tissue healing. It could also represent a useful tool for reducing adverse events, complications and patients\u2019 discomfort, however still not quantifiable

In Vivo and In Vitro Effectiveness of Rotary Nickel-Titanium vs Manual Stainless Steel Instruments for Root Canal Therapy : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files compared to stainless-steel (SST) hand files. Methods: An electronic search was performed on Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Scopus databases up to February 2016. An additional hand searching was performed in 13 journals. The studies were classified according to study type and the outcome variables. Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria, extracted data, and three reviewers independently assessed the quality of the evidence of each included study according to The Cochrane Collaboration's procedures. A meta-analysis was performed whenever it was possible. Results: The electronic and hand search strategies yielded 1155 references of studies after removal of duplicates. Four clinical studies (two prospective and two retrospective studies) and 18 in vitro studies (on extracted teeth) were included for the qualitative synthesis after full-text evaluation of the eligible studies. The overall level of methodological quality of the studies included can be considered inadequate. Only one clinical study was judged at low risk of bias, whereas most non-clinical studies had a low risk of bias. Three meta-analyses, based on a very limited number of studies, could be performed. Each meta-analysis contained two studies. Of these, one meta-analysis was based on clinical studies. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggested that NiTi rotary instruments were associated with lower canal transportation and apical extrusion when compared to SST hand files, whereas both groups had similar outcomes in terms of success of therapy, amount of residual bacteria, and cleansing ability after treatment. However, due to the limited evidence available, these results should be interpreted with caution. Consequently, more randomized control trials using standardized protocols are needed in order to provide more solid recommendations

Production and detection of doubly charmed tetraquarks

The feasibility of tetraquark detection is studied. For the cc\bar{u}\bar{d} tetraquark we show that in present (SELEX, Tevatron, RHIC) and future facilities (LHCb, ALICE) the production rate is promising and we propose some detectable decay channels.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Recognition and genotyping of minor germplasm of Friuli Venezia Giulia revealed high diversity

The wealth of vine varieties that used to exist in Friuli Venezia Giulia has been progressively lost. In order to ascertain the current situation regarding vine germplasm in the region, between 2001 and 2008, a wide-ranging study was conducted of recovery, conservation and molecular characterization with microsatellite markers (SSR) of accessions of minor germplasm at risk of erosion or extinction. A total of 178 accessions were analyzed and 93 varieties identified. Of these, 44 are already registered in the Italian Catalogue, 8 have been imported and are well-known foreign varieties even if not registered in the Italian Catalogue, 38 are potentially autochthonous and of these only 15 are described or at least cited in the literature; there are no hypotheses on the remaining three. In order to obtain information on possible genetic similarities, three types of software were used to process the molecular data, but only Structure allowed the existence of two principal groupings to be hypothesized for some of the presumed Friuli autochthons: one that gravitates around ‘Prosecco’ and the other around ‘Refoscone’.

Comparison of predictive and descriptive models in order to plan the monitoring and research on the rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) in the North Eastern Alps

Within the implementation of the Management Plan for the Alpi Carniche region (SPA IT3321001, SCI IT3320001, SCI IT3320002, SCI IT3320003, SCI IT3320004) and the realization of the monitoring plan referred to art. 8 of RL No. 7/2008 (Friuli Venezia Giulia) some predictive and descriptive models for the presence and abundance of rock partridge Alectoris graeca saxatilis have been developed and tested. During 2010 the monitoring plan has been carried out during the spring (play-back censuses) and the summer (pointing dog censuses) in 10 sample areas to assess the presence, abundance and reproductive success of the species. These areas have been identified through expert knowledge and predictive models developed by the superimposition on regional UTM 1x1 kilometer grid quadrants of some CORINE Biotopes habitat parameters (open vegetation coverage >50% and open + transitional vegetation coverage >80%) and slope (>10%) and elevation (1000-2200 m above sea level), subsequently ranked from 0 to 4 for a suitability index. The census results related to UTM quadrants (n = 46, 40% with the presence of partridges) and buffer areas (100 meters of radius) created from the locations of the observed animals and the transect points of the censuses (n = 89) have been described by linear selection models that contain habitat classes from the Habitat Map of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Map of the Nature at the scale 1:50.000, ISPRA 2009) and morphological characteristics such as slope, elevation and aspect. The descriptive models have selected different variables according to the season (reproductive and post-reproductive), identifying the presence of Eastern Alpine calcicolous larch with moorland as one of the most important variables to define habitat suitability. Moreover, the descriptive models that use the lesser spatial scale (100 m buffer) seemed to describe better the presence and abundance of this species. The predictive models however were inappropriate to describe the presence of this species and should be used with caution to plan the monitoring activities. The research was supported by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Autonomous Region

Pedicled buccal fat pad graft for root coverage in severe gingival recession defect

Gingival recession (GR) is a condition resulting in root exposure which leads to root sensitivity, pain, root caries, plaque retention, poor esthetics, and tooth loss. Sites exhibiting Miller Class III and IV GR are not suitable for treatment with surgical root coverage techniques, and their prognosis are very poor with current techniques. In this case report, pedicled buccal fat pad (PBFP) was employed as subepithelial graft technique for root coverage of maxillary tooth with Class III GR defect along with furcation involvement and the absence of keratinized gingiva. PBFP as the subepithelial graft is likely to increase the predictability and outcome of root coverage procedures in the treatment of cases with poor prognosis, owing to its pedicled vascularity. PBFP may be considered as a reliable modality for root coverage of such severe maxillary posterior GR defects, as reported, that could not be repaired by other conventional procedures

CONVERSAR e Tensionar na Formação (des)continuada, Inventiva/inclusiva: Cartografia de uma Escola Território

A tese inicia com indagações sobre a formação de educadores inclusivos a partir do paradigma de rede. A concepção de homem e de mundo que orienta esta investigação aponta para a complexidade da vida, entendendo o homem e a sociedade como emaranhados em uma rede de produções, intensidades de sentidos e afetações que configuram a existência. Compreendem-se os fenômenos como produção coletiva, produção de subjetividade, onde os padrões assumidos como normais são fruto de um complexo processo de reprodução de sujeitos e reinvenção da vida através da potência de criação. O trabalho configura-se como uma investigação qualitativa móvel, onde nos perguntávamos e perguntamos acerca de como a conversação, na formação de professores se efetiva como uma forma de resistência, de criação à subjetividade capitalística? Como as conversações da formação de professores se efetivavam e inventavam modos de existência inclusivos? Realizamos uma pesquisa-intervenção porque assume o plano da experiência enquanto intervenção. Tateamos, fabricamos dispositivos produtivos para fazer emergir desde o fazer, o saber. Realizamos uma cartografia das ações e criações de profissionais de uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental de Educação de Jovens e Adultos que trabalha nos três turnos com pessoas oriundas das camadas populares e que tiveram negado o direito de estudar. Realizamos o acompanhamento do percurso formativo de um grupo de professores da escola-território no decorrer do ano de 2014. Todos os relatos e narrativas foram registrados no diário de campo e gravados digitalmente. O material produzido foi analisado a partir das orientações da análise do discurso proposto por Foucault, buscando escapar da frágil interpretação daquilo que estaria por trás dos documentos, pois entendemos que as produções são uma realização histórica, política. As análises dos discursos nos levaram a dois platôs, duas regiões, territórios intensivos: a) A formação descontinuada que dinamiza o processo de organização do trabalho docente e b) A prática inclusiva via produção de redes colaborativas que dinamizam a escolaterritório. Uma formação em tempos de desafios inclusivos demanda ser inventiva. Na experiência junto à escola-território vimos que quando uma formação se rege por análises da implicação, onde não há linearidade dos estudos e reflexões, já que a cada encontro se conversa sobre novas experiências vividas e problemas enfrentados, proliferam redes colaborativas, fundamentais para a superação do individualismo. Uma formação que opera pela resistência produzirá agenciamentos e conexões éticas/estéticas/políticas, possibilitando a produção de outros valores, diferentes dos da sociedade neoliberal, porque fortalece a coletivização da vida, criando redes sociais territoriais. O encontro das modalidades da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e da Educação Especial pela via da formação inventiva/descontinuada/ ética/estética/política se apresenta como um forte caminho e modo de produção de uma educação equitativa, por ser pública e popular

Guided tissue regeneration using a barrier membrane in endodontic surgery

Endodontic surgery aims at the resolution of a periapical inflammatory process by surgical access followed by enucleation of the lesion and root-end filling to curb any potentially noxious agent within the physical confines of the affected root. Guided bone regeneration could be associated to endodontic surgery aiming to enhance periradicular tissue regeneration. The objective of this paper was to review the scientific literature about guided bone regeneration in endodontic surgery, evaluating the effects on periapical lesion healing process. The included articles are classified considering the anatomical characteristics of the lesion. Fourteen articles were included in the review after abstract and title selection. Eight articles were on studies on lesions affecting only the periapical region (three about through-and-through lesions) while six were about the treatment of apico-marginal lesions. On the basis of the currently available literature, there is a low scientific evidence of a benefit related. to the use of guided bone regeneration procedure in endodontic surgery

Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) removal efficacy of several chelating agents

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial, toxicity and cleaning effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and maleic acid (MA) alone and combined with cetrimide (CTR). Methodology: Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed on Chinese hamster cells V79 using the MTT, clonogenic and micronucleus assays, respectively. The bacterial inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) were determined on a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial tests were performed on a biofilm model after treatment with the chelating agents by using a biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. Quantification of cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass were assessed for each group. The percentage reduction of accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) after root canal preparation and final irrigation protocols was evaluated by micro-CT. Statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance (anova), Bonferroni test, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, Dunn\u2019s multiple comparison test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were used. Results: Cetrimide alone as well as in combination with EDTA and MA at dilutions of 1/10 and 1/100 was significantly more toxic as compared to untreated controls (P < 0.001). All tested mixtures were nontoxic at a dilution of 1/1000. EDTA retained a weak inhibitory and bactericidal effect against planktonic cells, whilst MA inhibited cells growth and killed 99.9% of the cells when diluted. CTR revealed the most prominent effect, being inhibitory and bactericidal, also when diluted. Cetrimide alone or combined with EDTA was able to remove, respectively, 40% (P < 0.01) and 60% (P < 0.001) of the entire biomass after 1 min. Conversely, MA alone and in combination with CTR did not have a significant effect on biomass reduction. After final irrigation, the AHTD volume was significantly decreased in all groups (P < 0.05). EDTA + CTR and MA + CTR were associated with a significant reduction in the percentage of AHTD on the entire root canal compared to the same solutions without surfactant. Conclusions: 7% MA was less cytotoxic in comparison with 17% EDTA. The addition of cetrimide to EDTA and MA removed accumulated hard-tissue debris effectively from the canal walls and increased their antimicrobial activity when compared to the same solutions without detergents

Healing of Postextraction Sockets Preserved With Autologous Platelet Concentrates : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose The true benefit of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) for enhancing the healing of postextraction sites is still a matter of debate, and in recent years several clinical trials have addressed this issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an APC adjunct in the preservation of fresh extraction sockets. Materials and Methods An electronic search was performed on Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only controlled clinical trials or randomized clinical trials were included. Selected articles underwent risk-of-bias assessment. The outcomes were complications and adverse events, discomfort and quality of life, bone healing and remodeling assessed by histologic and radiographic techniques, and soft tissue healing. Results Thirty-three comparative studies were included. Nine articles had a parallel design and 24 had a split-mouth design. Twenty studies were considered to have a low risk of bias and 13 were considered to have a high risk. Overall, 1,193 teeth were extracted from 911 patients. Meta-analysis showed that soft tissue healing, probing depth at 3 months, and bone density at 1, 3, and 6 months were statistically better for the APC group. Qualitative analysis suggested that APCs might be associated with a decrease in swelling and trismus. However, no relevant difference among groups was found for probing depth at 1 month, incidence of alveolar osteitis, acute inflammation or infection, percentage of new bone, and indirect measurement of bone metabolism. Conclusion APCs should be used in postextraction sites to improve clinical and radiographic outcomes such as bone density and soft tissue healing and postoperative symptoms. The actual benefit of APCs on decreasing pain in extraction sockets is still not quantifiable