Thin and thick cloud top height retrieval algorithm with the Infrared Camera and LIDAR of the JEM-EUSO Space Mission

The origin of cosmic rays have remained a mistery for more than a century. JEM-EUSO is a pioneer space-based telescope that will be located at the International Space Station (ISS) and its aim is to detect Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays (EHECR) by observing the atmosphere. Unlike ground-based telescopes, JEM-EUSO will observe from upwards, and therefore, for a properly UHECR reconstruction under cloudy conditions, a key element of JEM-EUSO is an Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS). This AMS consists of a space qualified bi-spectral Infrared Camera, that will provide the cloud coverage and cloud top height in the JEM-EUSO Field of View (FoV) and a LIDAR, that will measure the atmospheric optical depth in the direction it has been shot. In this paper we will explain the effects of clouds for the determination of the UHECR arrival direction. Moreover, since the cloud top height retrieval is crucial to analyze the UHECR and EHECR events under cloudy conditions, the retrieval algorithm that fulfills the technical requierements of the Infrared Camera of JEM-EUSO to reconstruct the cloud top height is presently reported.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, Atmohead Conference 201

Decretos del Concilio Tercero Provincial Mexicano (1585), edición histórico crítica y estudio preliminar de Luis Martínez Ferrer, prólogo de Alberto Carrillo Cázares, México, El Colegio de Michoacán, Universidad Pontificia de la Santa Cruz, 2010, 2 v., 681 p. ISBN 978-607-7764-23-6

Reseña sobre Decretos del Concilio Tercero Provincial Mexicano (1585), edición histórico crítica y estudio preliminar de Luis Martínez Ferrer, prólogo de Alberto Carrillo Cázares, México, El Colegio de Michoacán / Universidad Pontificia de la Santa Cruz, 2010

La administración de la bula de la Santa Cruzada en Nueva España (1547-1659)

La bula de la Santa Cruzada constituyó uno de los ingresos más originales de la Real Hacienda. Se trataba de las limosnas que aportaban los fieles para obtener indulgencias, exenciones de ayunos y otros privilegios espirituales y, por tanto, de una renta eclesiástica, que, en virtud de las negociaciones de la Corona con la Santa Sede, fue cedida a la monarquía católica. En 1574 comenzó de manera formal la predicación de la bula en el virreinato. En el artículo se analiza cómo se administró este ramo fiscal entre 1574 y 1659, periodo que se caracterizó por el sistema de asientos generales, así denominados porque el contrato abarcaba todos los obispados de Nueva España, Guatemala y Filipinas; se ofrecen datos sobre los tesoreros, la recaudación, las condiciones de los asientos y se reflexiona sobre las oportunidades que ofrecían estos convenios

La bula de la Santa Cruzada en Yucatán. Las peculiaridades y oportunidades de su administración

This article discusses the peculiarities of the administration of the Papal Bull of the Crusade in the Diocese of Yucatán during the colonial period and the opportunities offered by its administration. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms used in the distribution of the bulls and the collection of “alms” in a district with an overwhelming majority of indigenous population and with little access to bullion, circumstances that allowed tax farmers to take advantage by obtaining additional benefits. The Crusade-contract in Yucatan offers other special features. Unlike other dioceses of the Mexican ecclesiastical province, in Yucatan the position of the Crusade treasurer was sold in the middle of the 17th century and remained in the hands of the same family until the end of the colonial era

Geological Characterization, Mapping and Sampling of the Tailing Pond From Cerro El Toro, Region La Libertad-Perú

The present article shows the working methodology of the project field Development and validation of a clean technology for the integral treatment of neutralization of effluents and metallurgical tailings in the use of calcareous agents 1 Geological Characterization 2 Delimitation of the area of environmental influence for legal exploitation 3 Mapping 4 Sampling 5 Calculation of the volume of tailings 6 Study of the environmental impact of legal exploitation relationships It should be noted each one of these activities are important as part of the methodology of work in field which one are developed in the tailing Cerro El Toro which has been divided the aforementioned relationship into 73 sampling points grouped according to the relationships Salinas 1 Salinas 2 Salinas 3 Montoro and Melva whose volume has been determined through the software AutoCAD Civil which has determined that tailings have the following volume Salinas 1 1917 5 m3 Salinas 2 20331 48 m3 Salinas 3 18375 m3 Montoro 668 56 m3 y Melva 27945 5 m3 whose volume allowed the obtention of a representative sample of the tailing for been studied of their Environmental Quality of tailing which gives through the geochemical characterization analysis with the purpose of determining the Real Impact of the pollution of tailing in the mining communities of Shiracmaca and Coigobamb

COVID Obesity: A One-Year Narrative Review

On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study focuses on a narrative review about the illness during the first year of the pandemic in relation to obesity. Databases were used to search studies published up to 8 December 2020. In total, 4430 articles and other scientific literature were found, and 24 articles were included in this one-year narrative review. The mean BMI value of severe COVID-19 patients ranged from 24.5 to 33.4 kg/m2, versus <18.5 to 24.3 kg/m2 for non-severe patients. Articles using the terms obesity or overweight without indicating the BMI value in these patients were common, but this is not useful, as the anthropometric parameters, when not defined by this index, are confusing due to the classification being different in the West compared to among Asian and Korean criteria-based adults. We proposed a new term, called COVID obesity, to define the importance of this anthropometric parameter, among others, in relation with this pandemic

Giyera sa Droga (War on Drugs): An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to the influence of negative word-of-mouth communication to the tourists’ intention to visit the Philippines

War on drugs campaign commenced in the Duterte Administration in 2016. The campaign resulted to worldwide criticisms which spread negative word-of-mouth about the Philippines. The study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by Ajzen and Fishbein (1991) to test the negative word-of-mouth (WOM) communication regarding war on drugs to tourists’ intention to visit the Philippines. Structural Equation Modelling was utilized to determine the relationship among the three factors of TPB namely, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control to tourist intention. The data was collected from 242 foreign passport holders and through an interview conducted with the Department of Tourism (DOT). The result of the study reveals that Attitude does not affect tourist intention to travel. On the other hand, Subjective Norm has the strongest influence on tourist intention followed by Perceived Behavioural Control but does not necessarily affect their decision-making behaviour towards visiting the Philippines regardless of the campaign