Human Development Challenges in Africa: A Rights-Based Approach

This paper examines this plethora of questions and attempts to move the theory of human development in Africa beyond the traditional confines of its macroeconomic and political propositions. The paper assesses the concept of human development within the broader discourse on the role of human rights in global development, highlighting the overall African context of the subject. Against the backdrop of remarkably increasing scholarly efforts aimed at establishing human development as a human rights question, this paper evaluates the capacity of existing and emerging human rights frameworks relevant to Africa, and identifies viable trajectories for result-oriented human development actions

Effectiveness of Prisoner Reentry Programs for Reduction of Repeat Incarcerations in Nigeria

The persistently high rate of repeat incarcerations poses a threat to the safety of lives and properties. The problem that led to this study was the prevailing high rate of repeat incarcerations in Nigeria, despite interventions to reduce their occurrences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs in reducing reincarcerations of ex-prisoners. The focus of the research questions was on whether treatment and the type (faith- or non-faith-based) made a difference in a prisoner\u27s reincarceration status after release. The theoretical foundation was based on the transtheoretical model of change. Reincarceration outcomes were analyzed for 818 prisoners who were released between January 2010 and December 2013 from 3 prisons located in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from the prison records on the reincarceration status of the subjects based on an at-risk period of 36 months after release. A propensity score matching procedure was used to select an equal number (n = 409) of treated subjects (those who participated in a prisoner reentry program) and untreated subjects (nonparticipants in the program). Findings from a Cox-regression analysis revealed that participating in any of the programs (faith- or non-faith-based) reduced reincarceration at a statistically significant level; however, there was no difference in reincarceration status based on the type of treatment received. Findings provide evidence that prisoner reentry programs can reduce reincarceration. With this knowledge, the reentry program providers may advocate more government supports for reentry activities. They may collaborate with the policymakers and legislators to develop strategies that will enhance the reintegration of ex-prisoners into communities and thereby prevent their return to crimes but ensure they are productive for themselves, their families and the community

Proposal to introduce disaster risk management topics in master programs in ESAN Graduate School of Business

This paper aims to explain and present a proposal to introduce Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics into ESAN Graduate School of Business Master’s programs. Although disasters have cost Peru more than USD 7,600 million in the past 2 decades the business sector, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises, have not developed preventive or continuity plans mainly because they are not familiar with DRM topics. Taking this into consideration, the paper presents a detailed academic/curricular proposal for DRM topics such as business continuity, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable management. Additionally, it introduces the idea of promoting Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics to the Peruvian business community as a strategy to enhance the graduate education.Este artículo tiene por objeto explicar y presentar una propuesta para introducir los temas de Gestión de Riesgos de Desastres (GRD) en los programas de Maestría de ESAN. A pesar de que los costos generados por los desastres naturales en Perú suman más de 7.600 millones de dólares en las últimas dos décadas, el sector empresarial, en particular las pequeñas y medianas empresas, no han desarrollado planes de prevención o de continuidad. Esto se debe principalmente a que no están familiarizados con los temas de Gestión de Riesgos de Desastres. Tomando en consideración este punto, el documento presenta una propuesta académica y curricular detallada para temas puntuales GRD tales como continuidad de negocio, ética en los negocios, responsabilidad social corporativa y gestión sostenible. Adicionalmente, introduce la idea de promover los temas de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en la comunidad empresarial peruana como una estrategia para mejorar la educación de posgrado

Marine zooplankton volumes and ichthyoplankton distribution during summer 2006 in the Peruvian littoral

Los volúmenes de zooplancton variaron de 0,3 a 150 mL/m2, en dos núcleos: a) entre Caleta La Cruz y Chimbote y b) al sur de San Juan. Se determinaron 53 familias de ictioplancton, las más frecuentes fueron Engraulidae (31%), Myctophidae (18%) y Photichthyidae (16%). Huevos y larvas de anchoveta se distribuyeron desde caleta La Cruz hasta Matarani. Huevos en concentraciones importantes frente a bahía de Sechura, Salaverry y Supe y larvas frente a Chicama y Supe. La abundancia fluctuó de 3 a 26.385 huevos/m2 (47,7% de frecuencia), y de 3 a 6.210 larvas/m2 (66,4% de frecuencia). Tamaño de larvas varió de 1,5 a 20 mm (recién nacidas a 37 días de vida). La mayor frecuencia de tallas estuvo entre 2 y 4 mm en las áreas B y D, el área C presentó mayor rango de tallas. Huevos y larvas de Vinciguerria lucetia cercanos a la costa de Caleta La Cruz-Paita, (ingreso de Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales) y al sur del Callao. Especies con baja abundancia: merluza, sardina, perico; caballa y jurel, registradas en el norte y centro a excepción de la sardina que se presentó frente a San Juan

Proposal to introduce disaster risk management topics in master programs in ESAN Graduate School of Business

This paper aims to explain and present a proposal to introduce Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics into ESAN Graduate School of Business Master?s programs. Although disasters have cost Peru more than USD 7,600 million in the past 2 decades the business sector, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises, have not developed preventive or continuity plans mainly because they are not familiar with DRM topics. Taking this into consideration, the paper presents a detailed academic/curricular proposal for DRM topics such as business continuity, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable management. Additionally, it introduces the idea of promoting Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics to the Peruvian business community as a strategy to enhance the graduate education.Este art?culo tiene por objeto explicar y presentar una propuesta para introducir los temas de Gesti?n de Riesgos de Desastres (GRD) en los programas de Maestr?a de ESAN. A pesar de que los costos generados por los desastres naturales en Per? suman m?s de 7.600 millones de d?lares en las ?ltimas dos d?cadas, el sector empresarial, en particular las peque?as y medianas empresas, no han desarrollado planes de prevenci?n o de continuidad. Esto se debe principalmente a que no est?n familiarizados con los temas de Gesti?n de Riesgos de Desastres. Tomando en consideraci?n este punto, el documento presenta una propuesta acad?mica y curricular detallada para temas puntuales GRD tales como continuidad de negocio, ?tica en los negocios, responsabilidad social corporativa y gesti?n sostenible. Adicionalmente, introduce la idea de promover los temas de Gesti?n del Riesgo de Desastres en la comunidad empresarial peruana como una estrategia para mejorar la educaci?n de posgrado

Las empresas ante su desafío histórico: de la acumulación egoísta a la responsabilidad social

When the first productive organizations of the pre-industrial era appeared, man noticed that the development of these organizations had a negative impact, especially in terms of labor exploitation. However, man also foresaw the positive impacts: wealth and diversity of goods and products. This led later on, to the discussion of which role the companies must play inthe development of society. Socialist movements and subsequent revolutions tried to eradicate labor exploitation within the corporate world. But socialism’s failure to eliminate social injustice only strengthened the capitalist model. The manner in which most companies perform their activities, based solely on profit, threatens to eradicate not only wage earners, but theplanet it self. As a response to this, the concept of Socially Responsible Companies (SRC),emerging with great strength in the past decade, constitutes a rational and viable alternative in order to achieve a sustainable, desirable and necessary type of development.Cuando aparecieron las primeras organizaciones productivas de la era preindustrial el hombre se percató de que el desarrollo de estas generaba impactos negativos, sobre todo la explotación abusiva de la mano de obra. Sin embargo, también advirtió lo positivo de la creación de riqueza y la diversidad de bienes. Esto llevó más tarde a plantear la discusión acerca del rol que las empresas debían cumplir en el desarrollo de la sociedad. Las corrientes teóricas socialistas y las posteriores revoluciones se orientaron a erradicar la explotación del trabajo dentro de las empresas. Pero elfracaso del socialismo en eliminar la injusticia social fortaleció el modelo capitalista. La forma como desarrollan sus actividades gran parte de estas empresas, basadas en la búsqueda de la rentabilidad sin importar los medios, es otra amenaza que puede acabar no sólo con los asalariados, sino con todo el planeta. Frente a ello, el concepto de empresas socialmente responsables (ESR), que surge con fuerza durante los últimos diez años, constituye una alternativa racional y factible para lograr un desarrollo sostenible, deseado y necesario

Propuesta para introducir temas de gestión de riesgos de desastres en los programas de maestría de ESAN Graduate School of Business

This paper aims to explain and present a proposal to introduce Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics into ESAN Graduate School of Business Master’s programs. Although disasters have cost Peru more than USD 7,600 million in the past 2 decades the business sector, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises, have not developed preventive or continuity plans mainly because they are not familiar with DRM topics. Taking this into consideration, the paper presents a detailed academic/curricular proposal for DRM topics such as business continuity, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable management. Additionally, it introduces the idea of promoting Disaster Risk Management (DRM) topics to the Peruvian business community as a strategy to enhance the graduate education.Este documento discute acerca de la aparente desconexión entre la agenda de investigación para la gestión de riesgos de desastres y la carencia de herramientas para la continuidad de negocios posterior a eventos de desastre en Chile. En tanto los desastres son una instancia común en el desarrollo de los negocios, las empresas locales son cada vez más conscientes de la necesidad de contar con herramientas para su preparación y para la mitigación de los efectos negativos de los desastres. Sin embargo, en Chile esta conciencia privada parece ser parte de la actitud de negocios de las empresas de mayor tamaño más que de las PYME. Algunos de los argumentos presentados evidencian este vacío entre las empresas locales y su necesidad de integrar la gestión para la continuidad de negocio en sus operaciones y toma de decisiones para sobreponerse a los riesgos de desastre. En este contexto, este documento argumenta sobre la necesidad de ofertas académicas innovadoras en Chile y presenta una propuesta para avanzar en la vinculación entre la gestión del riesgo de desastres y la educación en negocios en la Universidad de Chile. Este programa es desarrollado en el mediano plazo en cada uno de sus componentes, se inicia con los estudiantes de pregrado y desarrolla acciones de mayor envergadura con agentes públicos y privados en una secuencia progresiva de iniciativas

Project System, un modelo de gestión para construir el desarrollo sostenible

This paper shows the advantages of the Scorecard Project System as a computer integrated tool to simplify, speed up and streamline the design and monitoring of diagnosis studies, plans and projects included in a strategic view to reach sustainable development. The paper shows the characteristics and advantages of each such tool and establishes their sequence in the feedback cycle for territorial management, whether peasant communities, local governments, regional governments of companies with a social responsibility mission.En el presente artículo se exponen las ventajas del método del Tablero de Mando Project System como herramienta computarizada y totalmente integrada que hace más sencillas, rápidas y eficaces las tareas de elaboración y seguimiento de los diagnósticos, los planes y los proyectos que forman parte de una visión estratégica para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible. Se exponen las características y la utilidad de cada una de las herramientas y se establece la secuencia que les corresponde dentro del ciclo de retroalimentación en el proceso de gestión territorial, sea que se trate de comunidades campesinas, gobiernos locales, gobiernos regionales o empresas con planes de responsabilidad social

Collaborative networks and export intensity in family firms: a quantile regression approach

This paper examines if collaborative networks affect the export status in family firms (FFs) and if the effect of networks is different regarding the degree of internationalisation of the firm. The results show that the network effect is more relevant when the firm has low export intensity. However, this role becomes less relevant when firms show a higher degree of internationalisation. Our results can be useful, on the one hand, for regulators who need to develop programs for supporting sales internationalisation in FFs, and on the other hand, for managers of FFs since the results provide evidence on the importance of networks in the internationalisation of FFs. This paper contributes to the literature and practice by noting that the process of internationalisation is slower in FFs than in other companies since FFs tend to be more reluctant to participate in networks that require greater commitment

The value of the world conferences on research integrity : perspectives from Peru

“The World Conferences on Research Integrity (WCRIs), six to date, were initiated at a time when researchers in various countries were at quite different stages in their thinking about research integrity. Over the course of the past decade, the global conferences have reflected and documented signifi­cant changes in the way research integrity is viewed and supported” The Inter-American Network, formed at the 6th WCRI held in Hong Kong, China with members from Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Chile, and the US has contributed to raising awareness of research integrity issues in Latin America. The network established standards for the responsible conduct of research through the joint project “Generation of Recommendations in Scientific Integrity” and has undertaken the translation to Spanish of the Hong Kong Principles, among other initiatives. The participation of Peruvians in the WCRIs has catalyzed the sharing of knowledge in Peru. Such sharing has been reflected in meetings and events to discuss research integrity, formation of networks, and published articles by Peruvians on plagiarism, predatory journals, good practices, and other topics. Unfortunately, only a few representatives from Latin America have participated thus far in WCRIs, networks, and local events. Thus, we believe more space should be created, particularly in Peru and other countries where systems for research integrity are still being established. Such space should offer a safe place to share experiences, initiatives, and concerns about research and academic integrity. Perhaps most important is coming together to conduct training, reinforce mentoring opportunities, and enhance mechanisms for investigating misconduct and promoting integrity in Peru and across Latin America