Quem não é autor?: Reflexões sobre os “invasores de texto” na Era da Cultura da Convergência

A necessary and provocative reflection in the age of the culture of convergence is the one waged around the authorship. Convergence culture, or connection culture, is one where content streams are generated by various media platforms. In this context, the authorship that is so important and reiterated by the epistemology of making librarians in catalogs, indexing, classification and authoritative headings finds itself in wide deconstruction in this world of media convergences, and its discussion is necessary, since a worldwide tendency occurs that the concept of "author" be revised and reinvented. The authorship that for so long has been ignored, in the capitalist context is the central theme of the debate about the use and production of texts, the cognitive capacity becomes intellectual capital. In the context of the social web, where access and sharing are prioritized, the debate about authorship is resumed, especially by the appropriation and creation of content by fans of media products. Harry Potter stands out in this context for being a literary phenomenon responsible for encouraging thousands of young people in the activity of reading as leisure. The Harry Potter canon is one of the greatest representatives of popular culture today, its marketing in various media formats aims to meet the needs of its legion of fans. Most fans need to extrapolate the boundaries of the original content, so they decide to produce content on their own. In this way, authorship becomes a fluid concept in the age of participation, both amateur and professional. Access to diverse technological means of creation and communication left the notions of author a little more subjective. In this perspective, the information professional must be aware of these new forms of production and organization of knowledge and consequently the attribution of authority, not only for the work of classification, but to achieve dialogue with those communities that are extremely involved with literary activity

Quem não é autor?: Reflexões sobre os “invasores de texto” na Era da Cultura da Convergência

A necessary and provocative reflection in the age of the culture of convergence is the one waged around the authorship. Convergence culture, or connection culture, is one where content streams are generated by various media platforms. In this context, the authorship that is so important and reiterated by the epistemology of making librarians in catalogs, indexing, classification and authoritative headings finds itself in wide deconstruction in this world of media convergences, and its discussion is necessary, since a worldwide tendency occurs that the concept of "author" be revised and reinvented. The authorship that for so long has been ignored, in the capitalist context is the central theme of the debate about the use and production of texts, the cognitive capacity becomes intellectual capital. In the context of the social web, where access and sharing are prioritized, the debate about authorship is resumed, especially by the appropriation and creation of content by fans of media products. Harry Potter stands out in this context for being a literary phenomenon responsible for encouraging thousands of young people in the activity of reading as leisure. The Harry Potter canon is one of the greatest representatives of popular culture today, its marketing in various media formats aims to meet the needs of its legion of fans. Most fans need to extrapolate the boundaries of the original content, so they decide to produce content on their own. In this way, authorship becomes a fluid concept in the age of participation, both amateur and professional. Access to diverse technological means of creation and communication left the notions of author a little more subjective. In this perspective, the information professional must be aware of these new forms of production and organization of knowledge and consequently the attribution of authority, not only for the work of classification, but to achieve dialogue with those communities that are extremely involved with literary activity

Serum and Salivary IgE, IgA, and IgG4 Antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Its Major Allergens, Der p1 and Der p2, in Allergic and Nonallergic Children

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a public health problem with high prevalence worldwide. We evaluated levels of specific IgE, IgA, and IgG4 antibodies to the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) house dust mite and to its major allergens (Der p1 and Der p2) in serum and saliva samples from allergic and nonallergic children. A total of 86 children were analyzed, from which 72 had AR and 14 were nonallergic healthy children. Serum IgE and serum/salivary IgG4 levels to Dpt, Der p1, and Der p2 were higher in allergic children whereas serum/salivary IgA levels to all allergens were higher in nonallergic children. IgE levels positively correlated with IgG4 and IgA to all allergens in allergic children, while IgA levels negatively correlated with IgG4 to Dpt and Der p1 in nonallergic children. In conclusion, mite-specific IgA antibodies predominate in the serum and saliva of nonallergic children whereas mite-specific IgE and IgG4 are prevalent in allergic children. The presence of specific IgA appears to have a key role for the healthy immune response to mucosal allergens. Also, specific IgA measurements in serum and/or saliva may be useful for monitoring activation of tolerance-inducing mechanisms during allergen specific immunotherapeutic procedures, especially sublingual immunotherapy

Serum and Salivary IgE, IgA, and IgG 4 Antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Its Major Allergens, Der p1 and Der p2, in Allergic and Nonallergic Children

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a public health problem with high prevalence worldwide. We evaluated levels of specific IgE, IgA, and IgG4 antibodies to the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) house dust mite and to its major allergens (Der p1 and Der p2) in serum and saliva samples from allergic and nonallergic children. A total of 86 children were analyzed, from which 72 had AR and 14 were nonallergic healthy children. Serum IgE and serum/salivary IgG4 levels to Dpt, Der p1, and Der p2 were higher in allergic children whereas serum/salivary IgA levels to all allergens were higher in nonallergic children. IgE levels positively correlated with IgG4 and IgA to all allergens in allergic children, while IgA levels negatively correlated with IgG4 to Dpt and Der p1 in nonallergic children. In conclusion, mite-specific IgA antibodies predominate in the serum and saliva of nonallergic children whereas mite-specific IgE and IgG4 are prevalent in allergic children. The presence of specific IgA appears to have a key role for the healthy immune response to mucosal allergens. Also, specific IgA measurements in serum and/or saliva may be useful for monitoring activation of tolerance-inducing mechanisms during allergen specific immunotherapeutic procedures, especially sublingual immunotherapy

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Expression of Toxoplasma gondii-Specific Heat Shock Protein 70 during In Vivo Conversion of Bradyzoites to Tachyzoites

Stage conversion between bradyzoites and tachyzoites was investigated in C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the ME-49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. In order to promote bradyzoite-tachyzoite conversion, mice were treated in vivo with neutralizing doses of anti-gamma interferon (IFN-γ) or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibodies. Expression of parasite-specific antigens SAG-1, SAG-2, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) was visualized in the central nervous system by immunocytochemistry and measured by photometric assay. The immunosuppressive effect of anti-IFN-γ or anti-TNF-α treatment was immediate, leading to parasite stage conversion as indicated by the increased expression of tachyzoite-specific antigens (SAG-1 and SAG-2) and by rapid parasite replication. We also observed expression of high levels of Hsp-70 during a short period of conversion of bradyzoites to tachyzoites. Our data suggest that Hsp-70 may have an important role in the process of bradyzoite-tachyzoite conversion during the reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis