Sonderbericht 2016. Frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung im Landkreis Mühldorf a. Inn

Mit dem Sonderbericht 2016 „Frühkindliche Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung im Landkreis Mühldorf a. Inn“ – einem Kooperationsprojekt der Bereiche Bildungsmonitoring (Lernen vor Ort) und Jugendhilfeplanung (Amt für Jugend und Familie) – wird die Bildungsberichterstattung im Landkreis Mühldorf a. Inn fortgeführt. Neben Angeboten und Bildungsbeteiligung in der Kindertagesbetreuung, Inklusion und dem Übergang vom Kindergarten in die Grundschule stellt die Qualität und Qualitätsentwicklung im frühkindlichen Bereich im Sonderbericht einen Schwerpunkt dar. Erstmalig in der Bildungsberichterstattung für den Landkreis Mühldorf a. Inn können mit dem Sonderbericht kleinräumige Daten abgebildet werden, welche eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Ergebnisse unterhalb der Kreisebene ermöglichen. (Hrsg.

Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Multifocal Mucosal Melanoma of the Oral Cavity with Imatinib

BACKGROUND: Mucosal melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare entity and accounts for less than 1\u20133% of all melanomas. Contrary to cutaneous melanoma, primary oral melanoma more commonly harbors mutations in c-KIT. METHODS: A 64-year-old man presented with asymptomatic, multiple, brown-to-black macules in the oral cavity. A biopsy was taken and histopathology exhibited mucosal melanoma. In molecular analysis, a c-KIT mutation was proven and a CT scan revealed pulmonary metastases. Due to the multifocality of the lesions, the metastases, and the mutation status, a therapy with imatinib was initiated. RESULTS: After 1 year of therapy, progressive disease in the lung was noticed. Therefore, the therapy was switched to a PD-1 antagonist and a CTL-4 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Our case suggests that imatinib may be considered as first-line treatment for both locally advanced and distant primary multifocal oral melanoma, for which surgery or radiotherapy of the primary tumor is impossible

Outcome of 11 children with ependymoblastoma treated within the prospective HIT-trials between 1991 and 2006

Ependymoblastoma is a rare malignant brain tumor of early childhood. Data on clinical behavior and optimal treatment strategies are scarce. We report on 11 consecutively treated children with centrally confirmed diagnosis of CNS ependymoblastoma, registered between February 1994 and October 2006 to the prospective GPOH-HIT multicenter brain tumor trials, and treated by multimodal regimens. Median age at diagnosis was 3.5years (range, 1.8-5.6years), and the median follow-up of survivors was 5.9years (range, 2.2-12.7years). Initial stage was M0 in 9, and M0/1 (no cerebrospinal fluid examination done) in 2 patients. Gross-total tumor resection was achieved in 7 patients, incomplete resection in 4 patients. Further primary therapy included chemotherapy in all patients, craniospinal radiotherapy in 5 patients and high-dose chemotherapy in 2 patients. Tumor response to chemotherapy was observed in 1 of 4 evaluable patients. Tumor progression occurred in 7 patients after a median time of 5.0months (range, 2.5-19.2months). Five-year progression-free survival was 36.4% (±14.5%), 5-year overall survival 30.3% (±15.9%). Of 4 survivors, 3 had gross-total tumor resection, and all were treated by either craniospinal radiotherapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell rescue. Prognosis of children with ependymoblastoma is poor, but sustained remissions have been achieved after multimodal treatment. Considerable diagnostic discrepancies between local and central pathologists underscore the importance of central review. Further studies are needed to improve survival of children with this rare malignant central nervous system tumo

Simulation und Modellierung von 5G Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) / Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) Anwendungsfällen unter Berücksichtigung des 5G QoS Modells

In this work, the OMNeT++ simulation framework 5G-Sim-V2I/N was developed for performance evaluation of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for V2I and V2N use cases based on data exchange via 5G Uu air interface. The complete protocol stack of the 5G user plane was modeled to measure QoS requirements for simulated vehicles as well as Internet servers at the application level. Three use cases were evaluated using the simulation model regarding QoS requirements specified by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 5G Automotive Association (5GAA). First, Cooperative Perception per V2I was investigated. It is shown that with a bandwidth of 10 MHz the QoS requirements can be met, but this depends on the number of vehicles simultaneously connected to a base station. Subsequently, two V2N use cases were then investigated. In a multi-application scenario, vehicles run up to four applications with different QoS requirements in parallel. The third use case represents a remote driving scenario in which few remote vehicles are simulated with human-controlled vehicles and also compete for radio resources. Both use cases showed that scheduling with Proportional Fair Queueing (PFQ), which distributes radio resources fairly, is not sufficient for compliance with QoS requirements. The Medium Access Control (MAC)-level scheduling procedure, which has to ensure a performant distribution of radio resources, especially in base stations, was therefore extended by the 5G QoS model and used for various scheduling procedures. A scheduling priority was calculated for each application that required resources. The scheduling methods were compared with PFQ. In both use cases, it is shown that a combination of default priority values and individual parameters, such as channel quality, best ensure compliance with the different QoS requirements. Finally, this thesis gives an outlook on the following mobile communication generation 6G and its impact on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Likewise, possible extensions of the simulation model are summarized.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das OMNeT++-Simulationsframework 5G-Sim-V2I/N zur Performancebewertung von QoS-Anforderungen für V2I und V2N Anwendungsfällen entwickelt, welche auf einem Datenaustausch per 5G-Uu-Luftschnittstelle basieren. Dabei wurde der komplette Protokollstack der 5G User Plane modelliert, um QoS-Anforderungen bei simulierten Fahrzeugen sowie Internet-Servern auf Applikationsebene messen zu können. Drei Anwendungsfälle wurden mit dem Simulationsmodell hinsichtlich der QoS-Anforderungen, die von der 3GPP und der 5GAA vorgegeben werden, bewertet. Zuerst wurde Cooperative Perception per V2I untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass mit einer Bandbreite von 10 MHz die QoS-Anforderungen eingehalten werden können, was allerdings von der Anzahl gleichzeitig mit einer Basisstation verbundener Fahrzeuge abhängt. Anschließend wurden zwei V2N Anwendungsfälle untersucht. In einem Multiapplikationsszenario führen Fahrzeuge bis zu vier Applikationen mit unterschiedlichen QoS-Anforderungen parallel aus. Der dritte Anwendungsfall repräsentiert ein Remote Driving Szenario, bei dem wenige Remote Vehicle mit von Menschen gesteuerten Fahrzeugen simuliert werden und ebenfalls um Funkressourcen konkurrieren. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass das Scheduling per PFQ, welches Funkressourcen fair verteilt, nicht für eine Einhaltung von QoS-Anforderungen ausreicht. Das Schedulingverfahren auf MAC-Ebene, das insbesondere in Basisstationen für eine performante Verteilung der Funkressourcen sorgen muss, wurde deshalb um das 5G QoS Modell erweitert und für verschiedene Schedulingvarianten verwendet. Hierbei erfolgte für jede Anwendung, die Ressourcen benötigt, eine Berechnung einer Schedulingpriorität. Die Schedulingverfahren wurden mit PFQ verglichen. In beiden Anwendungsfällen zeigt sich, dass eine Kombination von Standardprioritätswerten sowie individueller Parameter wie der Kanalqualität am besten die Voraussetzungen für eine Erfüllung der unterschiedlichen QoS-Anforderungen gewährleisten. Die Arbeit gibt abschließend einen Ausblick auf die nachfolgende Mobilfunkgeneration 6G und deren Auswirkungen auf V2X. Ebenso werden mögliche Erweiterungen des Simulationsmodells aufgeführt

Using Natural Language Processing to Increase Modularity and Interpretability of Automated Essay Evaluation and Student Feedback

For English teachers and students who are dissatisfied with the one-size-fits-all approach of current Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems, this research uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques that provide a focus on configurability and interpretability. Unlike traditional AES models which are designed to provide an overall score based on pre-trained criteria, this tool allows teachers to tailor feedback based upon specific focus areas. The tool implements a user-interface that serves as a customizable rubric. Students’ essays are inputted into the tool either by the student or by the teacher via the application’s user-interface. Based on the rubric settings, the tool evaluates the essay and provides instant feedback. In addition to rubric-based feedback, the tool also implements a Multi-Armed Bandit recommender engine to suggest educational resources to the student that align with the rubric. Thus, reducing the amount of time teachers spend grading essay drafts and re-teaching. The tool developed and deployed as part of this research reduces the burden on teachers and provides instant, customizable feedback to students. Our minimum estimation for time savings to students and teachers is 117 hours per semester. The effectiveness of the feedback criteria for predicting if an essay was proficient or needs improvement was measured using recall. The recall for the model built for the persuasive essays was 0.96 and 0.86 for the source dependent essay model

The prevailing dermoscopic vascular pattern in melanoma is influenced by tumor thickness and pigmentation type.

In non-pigmented skin tumors the diagnosis is mainly based on the evaluation of the vascular morphology and vessels\ub4 distribution dermoscopically [1-4]. However, up to date, no study formally correlated the prevailing vascular morphology with the thickness of melanoma according to Breslow and amount of pigmentation

Dermoscopy in the era of dermato-oncology: from bed to bench side and retour

Today dermoscopy is standard-of-care in the diagnosis and management of patients with benign and malignant skin tumors because it increases the diagnostic accuracy of skin lesions compared to the naked-eye examination up to 25%. Despite its role in the routine dermato-oncology, it increasingly gained interest as a bridge connecting clinical with basic molecular research in dermato-oncology. Here, we correlate dermoscopy patterns of nevi and melanomas with high and low susceptibility genes and somatic mutations, provide an overview on the clinical and dermoscopic patterns of cutaneous melanoma subtypes, and highlight the role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of skin eruptions during systemic treatments of advanced melanoma including targeted therapies and immunotherapies

Use of noninvasive imaging in the management of skin cancer

6Purpose of review: To evaluate noninvasive imaging techniques in the management of skin cancers. Recent findings: In the last decades, a wide range of noninvasive imaging methods has been developed in the field of dermatooncology with the aim to detect and assess the several structural and molecular changes that characterize skin cancer development and progression. Summary: In this review, we discuss the current and emerging applications of noninvasive imaging approaches in skin cancer management, such as digital photography, dermoscopy, ultrasound sonography, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, electrical impedance techniques, Raman spectroscopy, multispectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, and multispectral optoacustic tomography.partially_openopenGiuffrida, Roberta; Conforti, Claudio; Di Meo, Nicola; Deinlein, Teresa; Guida, Stefania; Zalaudek, IrisGiuffrida, Roberta; Conforti, Claudio; Di Meo, Nicola; Deinlein, Teresa; Guida, Stefania; Zalaudek, Iri

Tissue tolerance: an essential but elusive trait for salt-tolerant crops

For a plant to persist in saline soil, osmotic adjustment of all plant cells is essential. The more salt-tolerant species accumulate Na+ and Cl– to concentrations in leaves and roots that are similar to the external solution, thus allowing energy-efficient osmotic adjustment. Adverse effects of Na+ and Cl– on metabolism must be avoided, resulting in a situation known as ‘tissue tolerance’. The strategy of sequestering Na+ and Cl– in vacuoles and keeping concentrations low in the cytoplasm is an important contributor to tissue tolerance. Although there are clear differences between species in the ability to accommodate these ions in their leaves, it remains unknown whether there is genetic variation in this ability within a species. This viewpoint considers the concept of tissue tolerance, and how to measure it. Four conclusions are drawn: (1) osmotic adjustment is inseparable from the trait of tissue tolerance; (2) energy-efficient osmotic adjustment should involve ions and only minimal organic solutes; (3) screening methods should focus on measuring tolerance, not injury; and (4) high-throughput protocols that avoid the need for control plants and multiple Na+ or Cl- measurements should be developed. We present guidelines to identify useful genetic variation in tissue tolerance that can be harnessed for plant breeding of salt tolerance