Organogênese indireta a partir de explantes foliares e multiplicação in vitro de brotações de Eucalyptus benthamii X Eucalyptus dunnii.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar diferentes meios de cultura na organogênese indireta e na multiplicação in vitro de brotos de Eucalyptus benthamii x Eucalyptus dunnii. Para organogênese, explantes foliares foram excisados no sentido transversal e cultivados in vitro, sendo os seguintes fatores testados: dois meios de cultura (MS N/2 e JADS) adicionados de 0,1 ?M de ANA, duas concentrações de thidiazuron (0,1 e 0,5 ?M) e presença ou não de PVP-40 (250 mg L-1). Após 70 dias de cultivo foram avaliadas as porcentagens de explantes oxidados totalmente, formando calo, produzindo antocianina, formando gema, formando brotações e o número de brotações formadas por explante regenerando. No experimento de multiplicação, brotações isoladas foram cultivadas em meio MS, JADS e WPM, adicionados de 1,11 ?M de BAP. Foram realizados quatro subcultivos a cada 28 dias e em cada subcultivo foram avaliados: a porcentagem de oxidação, de explantes apresentando clorose total ou parcial, massa fresca e número médio de brotos por explante. O meio de cultura MS N/2 suplementado com 0,1 ?M de ANA, 0,5 ?M de TDZ e PVP-40 promoveu a maior taxa de organogênese (8,3%). No meio de cultura MS com 1,11 ?M de BAP, a taxa de multiplicação foi maior que nos outros meios, no primeiro e segundo subcultivos (9,28 e 9,24 por mês), não havendo diferença entre os três meios nos demais subcultivos

Pyrrolopyrimidine based CSF1R inhibitors: Attempted departure from Flatland

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is an attractive target for inflammation disorders and cancers. Based on a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine containing two carbo-aromatic rings, we have searched for new CSF1R inhibitors having a higher fraction of sp3-atoms. The phenyl unit in the 4-amino group could efficiently be replaced by tetrahydropyran (THP) retaining inhibitor potency. Exchanging the 6-aryl group with cyclohex-2-ene units also resulted in highly potent compounds, while fully saturated ring systems at C-6 led to a loss of activity. The structure-activity relationship study evaluating THP containing pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivates identified several highly active inhibitors by enzymatic studies. A comparison of 11 pairs of THP and aromatic compounds showed that inhibitors containing THP had clear benefits in terms of enzymatic potency, solubility, and cell toxicity. Guided by cellular experiments in Ba/F3 cells, five CSF1R inhibitors were further profiled in ADME assays, indicating the para-aniline derivative 16t as the most attractive compound for further development.Pyrrolopyrimidine based CSF1R inhibitors: Attempted departure from FlatlandpublishedVersio

Голодомор 1932 –– 1933 рр. в Україні як геноцид

Given its fundamental role in development and cancer, the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway is tightly controlled at multiple levels. RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase originally found in stem cells and proposed to inhibit Wnt signaling by interacting with the Wnt receptors of the Frizzled family. We detected endogenous RNF43 in the nucleus of human intestinal crypt and colon cancer cells. We found that RNF43 physically interacted with T cell factor 4 (TCF4) in cells and tethered TCF4 to the nuclear membrane, thus silencing TCF4 transcriptional activity even in the presence of constitutively active mutants of beta-catenin. This inhibitory mechanism was disrupted by the expression of RNF43 bearing mutations found in human gastrointestinal tumors, and transactivation of the Wnt pathway was observed in various cells and in Xenopus embryos when the RING domain of RNF43 was mutated. Our findings indicate that RNF43 inhibits the Wnt pathway downstream of oncogenic mutations that activate the pathway. Mimicking or enhancing this inhibitory activity of RNF43 may be useful to treat cancers arising from aberrant activation of the Wnt pathwa

Workshops of the Sixth International Brain–Computer Interface Meeting: brain–computer interfaces past, present, and future

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) (also referred to as brain–machine interfaces; BMI) are, by definition, an interface between the human brain and a technological application. Brain activity for interpretation by the BCI can be acquired with either invasive or non-invasive methods. The key point is that the signals that are interpreted come directly from the brain, bypassing sensorimotor output channels that may or may not have impaired function. This paper provides a concise glimpse of the breadth of BCI research and development topics covered by the workshops of the 6th International Brain–Computer Interface Meeting

VR4RobotS - Virtual reality for robot systems

Virtual Reality (VR), die neue Generation von Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen, bildet die Basis für neue Steuerungs- und Bedienkonzepte for Roboter und Automaten. Zur Realisierung dieser Konzepte wurde am IPA eine VR-Workstation entwickelt. Diese Workstation besteht aus einem Industrieroboter mit konventioneller Steuerung, 2 Graphikrechnern in Verbindung mit einem Transputersystem und den neuen Bediener-Schnittstellen bestehend aus Datenhandschuh, 6D-Steuerkugel und einem am Kopf tragbaren Stereodisplay