Knowledge management: Philosophy, process, and pitfalls

According to a leading scholar of management James Brian Quinn,' "The capacity to manage human intellectand to transform intellectual output into a service or a group of services embodied in a product is fast becoming the critical executive skill of this era." Contrast that with the assertion by the pointy-haired boss of the Dilbert cartoon that his company's success will be driven by "redesigning processes to enable enterprise integration of knowledge resources and tools." The first is a serious, thoughtful, and eminently reasonable statement of a belief in the transformation of management. The second is a caricature of that belief, subsequently doused by Wally's response, "Is it okay if I do nothing?" Leave it to Scott Adams and his alter egos to gut the sanctity from the latest management fad

Applied regional monitoring of the vernal advancement and retrogradation (green wave effect) of natural vegetation in the Great Plains corridor

The author has identified the following significant results. Rangelands in southwest Texas were used to establish threshold values and limitations on measuring herbaceous biomass under typical arid and semi-arid range conditions. Previous regression relationships established between ND6 and green biomass for two different ecosystems were similar. The west Texas data set for brush-free sites was too small to be statistically conclusive. It appears that a line with a third (and steeper) slope would be best for the west Texas data, and that line would intersect the other two. Results show that similar relationships exist between ND6 and green biomass under low brush canopy cover conditions, but local variations require a calibration to determine the best fit for an ecosystem. The brush canopy has a detrimental effect on the ND6 vs. herbaceous green biomass relationship

Monitoring the Vernal Advancement and Retrogradation (Green Wave Effect) of Natural Vegetation

The author has identified the following significant results. The Great Plains Corridor rangeland project successfully utilized natural vegetation systems as phenological indicators of seasonal development and climatic effects upon regional growth conditions. An effective method was developed for quantitative measurement of vegetation conditions, including green biomass estimates, recorded in bands 5 and 6, corrected for sun angle, were used to compute a ratio parameter (TV16) which is shown to be highly correlated with green biomass and vegatation moisture content. Analyses results of ERTS-1 digital data and correlated ground data are summarized. Attention was given to analyzing weather influences and test site variables on vegetation condition measurements with ERTS-1 data

Does presenting perpetrator and innocent suspect faces from different facial angles influence the susceptibility of eyewitness memory? An investigation into the misinformation effect and eyewitness misidentification

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of face angle congruency across stages of a misinformation paradigm on lineup discrimination accuracy.Methods: In a between-subjects design, participants viewed a mock crime with the perpetrator’s face from the front or profile angle. They then read a news report featuring an innocent suspect’s image from the same or different angle as the perpetrator had been shown. A subsequent lineup manipulated perpetrator presence and viewing angle of the lineup members, who were all shown either from the front or in profile.Results: No significant difference emerged in identification errors based on angle congruency between stages. However, accuracy was higher when faces were shown from the front angle, both during the initial event and the lineup, compared to the profile angle.Discussion: The results of this research underscore the importance of considering viewing angles in the construction of lineups

Applied regional monitoring of the vernal advancement and retrogradation (Green wave effect) of natural vegetation in the Great Plains corridor

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT 2 has shown that digital data products can be effectively employed on a regional basis to monitor changes in vegetation conditions. The TV16 was successfully applied to an extended test site and the Great Plains Corridor in tests of the ability to assess green forage biomass on rangelands as an index to vegetation condition. A strategy for using TV16 on a regional basis was developed and tested. These studies have shown that: (1) for rangelands with good vegetative cover, such as most of the Great Plains, and which are not heavily infested with brush or undesirable weed species, the LANDSAT digital data can provide a good estimate (within 250 kg/ha) of the quantity of green forage biomass, and (2) at least five levels of pasture and range feed conditions can be adequately mapped for extended regions

Skip Nav Destination RESEARCH ARTICLE| MARCH 16, 2022 Assessing the effect of melt extraction from mushy reservoirs on compositions of granitoids: From a global database to a single batholith

Mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks are often considered to be crystal cumulates (i.e., they are melt-depleted), but such a classification is much more contentious for intermediate to silicic granitoids (e.g., tonalite, granodiorite, granite, and syenite). Whether or not a given plutonic rock has lost melt to feed shallower subvolcanic intrusive bodies or volcanic edifices has key implications for understanding igneous processes occurring within the crust throughout the evolution of the Earth. We use statistical analyses of a global volcanic and plutonic rock database to show that most mafic to felsic plutonic rock compositions can be interpreted as melt-depleted (i.e., most of the minerals analyzed are more evolved than their bulk-rock compositions would allow). To illustrate the application of the method to natural samples (from the Tertiary Adamello Batholith in the southern Alps), we estimate the degree of melt depletion using a combination of magmatic textures, bulk-rock chemistry, modal mineralogy, distributions of plagioclase composition (using scanning electron microscope phase mapping/electron microprobe analyses), and thermodynamic modeling. We find that melt depletion correlates with the magmatic foliation and is accompanied by bulk depletion in incompatible elements, low amounts of near-solidus minerals, and mineral compositions that are too evolved (i.e., depleted in Ca or Mg, depending on the mineral) to be in equilibrium with their bulk-rock chemistry. The analytical and modeling workflow proposed in this study provides a path to quantifying melt depletion in any plutonic samples

Extraction, Storage and Eruption of Multiple Isolated Magma Batches in the Paired Mamaku and Ohakuri Eruption, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is well known for its extraordinary rate of rhyolitic magma generation and caldera-forming eruptions. Less is known about how large volumes of rhyolitic magma are extracted and stored prior to eruption, and the role tectonics might play in the process of melt extraction and control of caldera eruption(s). Here we present a new model for the extraction, storage and simultaneous eruption of the >245 km3 paired Mamaku and Ohakuri magmas sourced from calderas centred ∼30 km apart (the Rotorua and Ohakuri calderas, respectively) in the central TVZ. The Mamaku and Ohakuri ignimbrites share a similar bulk pumice composition and the same phenocryst assemblage; however, bulk-rock compositions suggest several poorly mixed magma types in each erupted volume, which are randomly distributed throughout the eruptive deposits. To refine models of the pre-eruptive geometry of the magmatic system and discuss a possible origin for triggering of each eruption, we present an expanded database of matrix glass and quartz-hosted melt inclusion compositions along with the existing bulk-rock and mineral compositions. Major and trace element compositions show that the region produced five different magma batches, extracted from the same source region, and a continuous intermediate mush zone beneath the Mamaku-Ohakuri region is suggested here. These magma batches were most probably juxtaposed but isolated from each other in the upper crust, and evolved separately until eruption. The observed geochemical differences between the batches are likely to be generated by different extraction conditions of the rhyolitic melt from a slightly heterogeneous mush. The lack of evidence for more mafic recharge prior to eruption (for example, there are no bright cathodoluminescence rims on quartz crystals) suggests that a magmatic input is unlikely to be an eruption trigger. However, tectonic activity could be an efficient way to trigger the eruption of isolated magma batches, with the evacuation of one magma batch causing a disturbance to the local stress field and activating regionally linked faults, which then lead to the eruption of additional magma batches and associated caldera subsidence. In addition, the extensional tectonic regime coupled with a high heat flux could be the controlling factor in the emplacement of some of the shallowest and most SiO2-rich magmas on Eart

Cultivating equality: delivering just and sustainable food systems in a changing climate

T oday, the world faces a greater challenge perhaps than ever before: tackling hunger and malnutrition in the face of climate change and increasing natural resource scarcity. Civil society, governments, researchers, donors, and the private sector are simultaneously debating and collaborating to find solutions. But the dialogue is over-emphasizing food production. Improving yields is important, particularly in places where there is not enough food or where food producers live in poverty. But simply producing more is not enough to tackle hunger. Furthermore, acknowledging that lack of food is not the sole cause of hunger is important. Inequality shapes who has access to food and the resources to grow it and buy it. It governs who eats first and who eats worst. Inequality determines who can adapt more readily to a changing climate. Hunger and poverty are not an accident – they are the result of social and economic injustice and inequality at all levels, from household to global. The reality of inequality is no truer for anyone than it is for women – half the world’s population, with far less than their fair share of the world’s resources. If we are to achieve the new Sustainable Development Goal of ending hunger by 2030, we must address the underlying inequalities in food systems. In a changing climate, agriculture and food systems must be sustainable and productive – but our efforts cannot end there. They must be profitable for those for whom it is a livelihood; they must be equitable, to facilitate a level playing field in the market, to secure rights to resources for food producers, and to ensure access to nutritious food for all; they must be resilient to build the capacity of populations vulnerable to economic shocks, political instability, and increasing, climate-induced natural hazards to recover and still lift themselves out of poverty

Rhizoleucinoside, a Rhamnolipid–Amino Alcohol Hybrid from the Rhizobial Symbiont \u3cem\u3eBradyrhizobium\u3c/em\u3e sp. BTAi1

Rhizoleucinoside (1), a unique rhamnolipid–amino alcohol hybrid, was isolated from the rhizobial symbiont bacterium Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1. Compound 1 features a rare rhamnolipid core attached to an unprecedented leucinol moiety. Its structure and absolute configuration were determined by spectroscopic analysis, tandem mass spectrometry, chemical degradation, and application of the Marfey’s method. Compound 1 possesses moderate cytotoxicity to BV-2 murine microglia and highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) rat microglia cells

High Efficiency Plastic Scintillator Detector with Wave-Length Shifting Fiber Readout for the GLAST Large Area Telescope

This paper describes the design and performance studies of the scintillator tile detectors for the Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD) of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), scheduled for launch in early 2008. The scintillator tile detectors utilize wavelength shifting fibers and have dual photomultiplier tube (PMT) readout. The design requires highly efficient and uniform detection of singly charged relativistic particles over the tile area and must meet all requirements for a launch, as well as operation in a space environment. We present here the design of three basic types of tiles used in the ACD, ranging in size from approx.450 sq cm to approx.2500 sq cm, all 1 cm thick, with different shapes, and with photoelectron yield of approx. 20 photoelectrons per minimum ionizing particle (mip) at normal tile incidence, uniform over the tile area. Some tiles require flexible clear fiber cables up to 1.5 m long to deliver scintillator light to remotely located PMT