Origin of ferromagnetism in Cs2_2AgF4_4: importance of Ag - F covalency

The magnetic nature of Cs$_{2}$AgF$_{4}$, an isoelectronic and isostructural analogue of La$_2$CuO$_4$, is analyzed using density functional calculations. The ground state is found to be ferromagnetic and nearly half metallic. We find strong hybridization of Ag-$d$ and F-$p$ states. Substantial moments reside on the F atoms, which is unusual for the halides and reflects the chemistry of the Ag(II) ions in this compound. This provides the mechanism for ferromagnetism, which we find to be itinerant in character, a result of a Stoner instability enhanced by Hund's coupling on the F

Optimization of machine parameters of Parvatiya Sugam motorized thresher using response surface methodology

A Parvatiya Sugam Thresher was designed and developed at College of Home Science GBPUA & T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. It is a low cost motorized machine for threshing paddy crops especially for hill region, it is user friendly and more efficient in its working. The machine performance was evaluated for optimal design parameters viz, height 755 mm, time 5.1 minutes and crop load 1.5 kg. Comparative performance tests between the newly developed (Parvatiya sugam thresher) and existing thresher were conducted to the optimization. Test result indicates that Parvatiya sugam thresher gives better result compared to existing thresher. It was inferred that ½ hp motor was introduced to have optimum drum speed and threshing performance of paddy thresher

Design of Transfer Lines for INDUS-I

For synchrotron radiation source INDUS-I, electron beam from an injector microtron is to be transported to the booster synchrotron and from the synchrotron after acceleration to the storage ring INDUS-I with proper matching of beam parameters. Design of the two transfer lines is discussed from the beam dynamics considerations

Study of inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyse inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and to formulate reliable disease markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.Methods: This prospective study was conducted for 2 years in a tertiary care center in 60 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and compared them with 60 controls that had no signs of osteoarthritis.Results: The hematological markers to study inflammatory basis of idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee suggested that ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was more than 20 mm/hour in 83.3%. Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and CRP (C-reactive protein) was positive in 8.3% and 13.3% patients respectively. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 2 (3.3%) patients and negative in 58 (96.7%) patients. Synovial fluid analysis was done in 44 patients with RF positivity in only 1 patient. The control group has ESR less than 30 mm/hour and CRP was (<3 µg/ml). In the control group RF and ANA were similar to the normal population.Conclusions: Synovial fluid analysis is of value to rule out crystal arthropathies and pyogenic arthritis. The study indicates that ESR, CRP and RF collectively can serve as surrogate markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. Further studies need to be done to formulate reliable disease markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee.

Immunoinformatics Approach to T-cell Epitopes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is major human disease which belongs to lentivirus (retrovirus). It is a major cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. A number of ways for transmission of HIV form human to another human through the blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate or breast milk has been proved. An urgent need arises to establish antigen based immunodiagnostic for earlier monitoring of HIV and development of vaccines. In the present study, we have identified two major proteins i.e. ENV and NEF for identification of T-cell epitopes. We used two well established immunoinformatics tools Propred and Propred1 for identification. We identified a novel T-cell epitope for major histocompatibility complex class I and II with highest binding affinity. These finding provide a new insight for development of antigen based diagnostic kit and peptide based vaccine designing for controlling of AIDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF YOGA ON DIFFERENT BODY SYSTEMS

The life style of men changed due to technological modernization and advancement of science. Increased standard of living has brought a great comfort to mankind but they are worried about health. Everyone is sick having either physical or mental problem. Yogasanas are one of the important parts of yogic exercises which contribute to physical as well as mental health. Yoga is a mind body practice that combines stretching exercises, controlled breathing and relaxation. It is considered a mind body type of complementary and alternative medicine practice. The health benefits of Yoga with a regular practice of Yoga poses, breathing exercise and meditation is grouped into three kinds: physiological, psychological and biochemical effects. Yogasanas have an equal balancing effect on all organs simultaneously without making an effort to think about different parts and internal organs of the body. Yogasanas have a combined effect on all the systems simultaneously. Chiefly Yogasanas cause positive effects on digestive system like Padmasana, Vajrasana, Gomukhasana etc. If we talk about respiratory system, a regular practice of deep Pranayama and Shavasana help to regulate inspiration and expiration. In endocrine system, Yogasanas regulate and control the secretion of hormones from all glands in the body. Regular practice of Yogasanas promotes purification and circulation of blood in different systems of the body. Likewise here are some physiological benefits of Yoga that can get through a regular Yoga practice

Changes in elemental composition of scales of Channa punctatus on treatment with mercury

In the present study different regions in the scales of Channa punctatus were investigated for elemental composition to see the impact of mercury on them. Five sublethal concentrations of mercury were used after calculating the LC50 value which is 1.21mg/L in 96 hours. When focal and lepidontal regions of scales were seen under electron probe analysis (JEOL 8600M), they were composed of four major elements and these are: calcium (Ca); iron (Fe); aluminium (Al); and phosphorus (P). The percent composition of calcium was recorded to be maximum, followed by phosphorus, aluminium and iron. The percent composition of each element upon exposure to mercury was compared to corresponding control and the deviations were observed. When fish was exposed to different sublethal concentrations of mercury for 15d and 30d, an increase was observed in percentage composition of aluminium and phosphorus, whereas reverse trend was noticed for calcium and iron

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NEW BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some new 1,3-benzothiazolyl pyrazole derivatives.Methods: Aseries of novel2-[3-(substituted phenyl)-4-formylpyrazol-1-yl]-6-chloro benzothiazole derivatives (5a-g) have been synthesized by cyclization through Vilsmeier-Haack reaction on hydrazones (4a-g)of substituted aromatic ketones with 6-chloro benzothiazol-2-yl hydrazine under microwave irradiation in fairly good yields. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, Mass spectral studies and elemental analysis and were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities also.Results: The results revealed that all 1,3-benzothiazole pyrazole derivatives(5a-g) were synthesized in satisfactory yields and pharmacologically evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. All the synthesized compounds were in good agreement with elemental and spectral data. Some of the tested compounds showed good to moderate antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains.Conclusion: For the present investigation we have prepared benzothiazole derivatives that are incorporated with pyrazolyl moiety with the hope of potentiating the activity of two such units in the same compound. Compounds 5b, 5c, and 5a showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities as compared to reference drugs norfloxacin and ketoconazole.Â