Methodology of Comparing the Carbon Footprint in Means of Rail Passenger Transport: Case Study in the Slovak Republic on the Žilina - Rajec Railway Line

Today, the transport of people and goods is an integral part of every country. For passengers and customers, the price and time of transport are dominant. Today, very few passengers and customers look at the ecological side of transport. The ecological side of transport is represented by various parameters and one of them, which is addressed in this article is the carbon footprint. The main task of the presented article is to create a methodology for comparing the carbon footprint on the Žilina - Rajec railway line. It is a non-electrified line of local significance. The comparison consists in the electrification of the line and the subsequent deployment of electrical units. The main task of the presented article is to create a methodology for comparing the carbon footprint on the Žilina - Rajec railway line. It is a non-electrified line of local significance. The comparison consists in the electrification of the line and the subsequent deployment of electrical units. The aim is to determine the advantage of electrification of this line from an ecological point of view based on this parameter. At the same time, it is possible to point out the beneficial effects of the use of rail transport in the long run for the environment

New Mathematical Methods in Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Abstract: In recent years, several new methods for the mathematical modeling have gradually emerged in pharmacokinetics, and the development of pharmacokinetic models based on these methods has become one of the most rapidly growing and exciting application-oriented sub-disciplines of the mathematical modeling. The goals of our MiniReview are twofold: i) to briefly outline fundamental ideas of some new modeling methods that have not been widely utilized in pharmacokinetics as yet, i.e. the methods based on the following concepts: linear time-invariant dynamic system, artificialneural-network, fuzzy-logic, and fractal; ii) to arouse the interest of pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmaceutical scientists in the given methods, by sketching some application examples which indicate the good performance and perspective of these methods in solving pharmacokinetic problems. It often occurs in science that tools, knowledge, or techniques developed in one field enable advances in other fields. This applies also to methods for building mathematical models, i.e. tools that have been developed predominantly in the field of mathematics, computer science, and system engineering. In contrast to animal or disease models commonly used in pharmacology, mathematical models are mathematical structures which, on abstracting from reality, allow formulations in mathematical terms of essential assumptions believed to underlie particular actual-world problems. The mathematical modeling relies on: i) the sound understanding and appreciation of the problem under study; ii) the realistic mathematical representation of the important phenomena; iii) the finding of useful solutions; iv) the interpretation of the mathematical results, the model-based prediction or simulation, and so on. All that is required for the practical use of mathematical models is to understand these models properly and then to apply them to study phenomena of the interest in various fields of science, including pharmacokinetics. In the latter field, mathematical models have historically played a vital role, and methods for the development models such as deterministic linear compartment models, physiologically-based models, and population models have become quite common. Along with this, other modeling methods have gradually emerged in pharmacokinetics over recent years, and the Author for correspondence: Mária Ď urišová, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic (fax π42 12 5477 5928, e-mail maria.durisova/savba.sk). development of pharmacokinetic models has become one of the most rapidly growing and exciting applicationoriented sub-disciplines of the mathematical modeling. The goals of this MiniReview are twofold: i) to briefly outline fundamental ideas of some mathematical methods that have not been widely utilized in pharmacokinetics so far, i.e. the methods based on the following concepts: linear time-invariant dynamic system, artificial-neural-network, fuzzy-logic, and fractal; ii) to arouse the interest of pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmaceutical scientists in the outlined methods by sketching some application examples that indicate the good performance and perspective of these methods in solving pharmacokinetic problems. The reason for the selection of the methods listed above is that according to our understanding these methods exhibit strong potential to advance pharmacokinetic frontiers, since they offer the possibility of profoundly changing the nature of the pharmacokinetic modeling itself. Concurrently, we would like to stress that by this selection we do not want in any way to denigrate the importance of other innovative and promising methods for building mathematical models which have appeared in pharmacokinetics over the last years. Since this MiniReview is predominantly aimed at permitting assimilation of the presented ideas by non-mathematically oriented readers, the mathematical formulations of the outlined methods are not given. Instead, interested readers are referred to literature resources where they the can find not only such formulations but also an additional coverage of all the issues raised, and also information on currently available software packages based on the outlined methods

HIERARCHY OF OPERATIONAL-ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES IN RAILWAY PASSENGER TRANSPORT

Charakteristickou črtou železničnej osobnej dopravy je jej vysoká prepravná kapacita. Predurčuje ju, aby vytvorila nosný dopravný systém. Základnou prekážkou je však kvalita dopravnej infraštruktúry, nakoľko v mnohých členských štátoch EÚ neexistujú vysokorýchlostné železničné trate. Cieľom príspevku je analyzovať základné problémy prevádzky a organizácie osobnej železničnej dopravy a navrhnúť opatrenia na zvýšenie jej efektívnosti, atraktívnosti, lepšieho obrazu v očiach verejnosti, ale najmä zvýšenie prepravných výkonov. Stanovením vhodných prevádzkových, organizačných a infraštruktúrnych parametrov sa zlepší konkurencieschopnosť železničnej dopravy.The characteristic feature of rail passenger transport is its high transport capacity. It predetermines the railway to create the key mode of transport. Main bottleneck is the transport infrastructure quality. There are no high-speed rail links in many European Union Member States. The aim of the contribution is to analyse the basic problems of the operation and organization of rail passenger transport and to propose measures for increasing its efficiency, attractiveness, better image in the eyes of the public, but especially the increase of transport performance. By setting the appropriate operational, organizational and infrastructure parameters, the competitiveness of rail transport will be enhanced

NÁVRH OPATRENÍ PRE SKVALITNENIE A ZEFEKTÍVNENIE PREPRAVNÉHO PROCESU V ŽELEZNIČNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVE V ĎALŠOM OBDOBÍ PANDÉMIE

Pandémia COVID-19 ovplyvnila mnohé aspekty nášho každodenného života. Vlády prijali množstvo opatrení na obmedzenie šírenia pandémie, ktorá mala priamy vplyv na každodennú mobilitu, výber spôsobu dopravy a fungovanie verejnej dopravy. Tieto opatrenia boli do praxe implementované okamžite, bez koncepčnej systematickej prípravy. Príspevok je zameraný na návrh opatrení pre skvalitnenie a zefektívnenie prepravného procesu v železničnej osobnej doprave v ďalšom období pandémie. V procese vybavenia cestujúceho cestovným dokladom v období pandémie sú implementované nové technicko-technologické prvky v železničných staniciach a vlakoch pre zníženie rizika prenosu vírusu s cieľom ochrany zdravia cestujúceho a zamestnancov dopravcu. Zavedením modernejších systémov vybavenia cestujúceho v železničnej osobnej doprave formou automatizácie a digitalizácie procesov je možné zefektívniť a skvalitniť prepravný proces

NÁVRH ŠPECIFICKÝCH PREVÁDZKOVCÝH OPATRENÍ NA PODPORU ŽELEZNIČNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVY V ČASE PANDÉMIE

Neočakávaný vývoj ochorenia COVID-19 sa významným spôsobom podpísal na cestovných návykoch spoločnosti. Už pred pandémiou mali výkony vo verejnej osobnej dopravy klesajúci charakter a vysoký nárast bol zaznamenaný v individuálnej automobilovej doprave. Výskyt ochorenia COVID-19 tento negatívny trend významne posilnil a IAD sa stala preferovanou voľbou cestujúcich. Uvedený príspevok sa zaoberá dopadom opatrení zavedených v prvom polroku 2020 na železničnú osobnú dopravu v Slovenskej republike za účelom spomalenia šírenia vírusu počas prvej vlny pandémie COVID-19. Hlavným cieľom príspevku je skúmať a analyzovať prepad prepravných výkonov v jednotlivých mesiacoch prvého polroku 2020 a následne odhadnúť vplyv týchto zmien na sektor osobnej železničnej dopravy. Prepravné výkony sú následne analyzované na troch významných prepravných reláciách v Slovenskej republike, pričom sú porovnávané roky 2018, 2019 a 2020. Všeobecne sa očakáva, že isté obdobie po skončení pandemickej situácie môžu byť kritické pre zabezpečenie dlhodobého a udržateľného rozvoja v rámci železničnej dopravy

Proposal of the Measures to Increase the Competitiveness of Rail Freight Transport in the EU

Ecological and sustainable modes of transport should be the main modes of transport of goods. Promotion of railway freight transport is a key element of the EU policy. It is important to have an appropriate transport infrastructure to ensure sustainable competitive railway transport. It is able to ensure the most flexible mobility of the goods with the most advantageous parameters. This article analyses the current status as well the level of achievement of the objectives set by the European Commission. The article also deals with the established nine corridors for international railway freight transport. The aim is to introduce different measures that should help increase the efficiency and competitiveness of railway freight transport in the European countries under CIM transportation mode. When designing new corridors, it is necessary to analyse and optimize the current railway network. Optimization solutions are used to analyse the network analysis methods. In particular, the critical path method (CPM) and the critical chain method (CCM) are used

The Analysis of RFID Technology Application in the Company

Import 29/09/2010Diplomová práca analyzuje uplatnenie aplikácie RFID technológie v podniku na báze identifikácie možných prínosov, prípadne nákladov na jej zavedenie. Prostredníctvom technického návrhu implementácie tejto technológie a následného zistenia ekonomickej výhodnosti v konkrétnom podniku je predstavená praktická forma využiteľnosti RFID technológie v skladovom procese.This diploma thesis analyses application of RFID technology in a company by identifying possible benefits, or costs of its implementation. Through technical proposal of this technology installation and subsequent calculation of economical profitability in specific company, a practical form of RFID technology in warehousing process utilization is introduced.152 - Katedra podnikohospodářskávýborn

Drug policy in Czech Republic

Bakalářská práce se věnuje problematice lékové politiky v České republice a ve vybraných evropských zemích. Těžištěm práce je analýza výdajů na zdravotnictví v České republice v letech 2000 - 2007 (včetně nákladů zdravotních pojišťoven dle segmentů 2003 - 2008) a analýza objemu a spotřeby léčivých přípravků v České republice v roce 2008. Součástí práce je analýza vrácených nespotřebovaných léků pacienty do lékáren.The presented bachelor work are focused on a drug policy in Czech Republic and selected European countries. The work are mainly based on the analysis of the health care expenses in Czech Republic in years 2000 - 2007 (including charges of health insurance companies by segments in years 2003 - 2008) and the analysis of a volume and a consumption of pharmaceuticals in Czech Republic in the year 2008. The analysis of unused pharmaceuticals returned to the pharmacies is the part of these work as well.Ústav ekonomieStudent seznámil s obsahem a cílem své práce na téma Léková politika ČR, analyzoval výdaje na zdravotnictví, objem a spotřebu léčivých přípravků.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Non wood forest product

This thesis analyzes the value chain of selected processors of wild mushrooms, focusing on the distribution path HORECA in selected regions. Specifically, the thesis concerns the comparison of buying and selling practices, operators of restaurants, guest houses and hotels with a restaurant in the city of Prague and Liberec