Effects of Oxidative Damage during Ruesi Dadton Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1528-1537, 2022. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) in 8-isoprostane (8-iso) and 8-hydroxy-2\u27–deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a 12-week Ruesi Dadton (RD) exercise. A total of 274 enrolled participants were classified into blocks based on age and formal educational years, and randomly assigned into two groups: RD and control (CON). The participants’ cognitive functions were tested using Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores to screen for MCI. Urine samples of approximately 30 mL were collected from both groups pre- and post-intervention. All participants signed consent forms before participating in the program. Participants in the RD group were instructed to perform 15 postures of RD exercise in 60 min, three times a week for 12 weeks. A 2 x 2 (group x time) repeated multivariate analysis, with MoCA score, 8-iso, and 8-OH-dG as covariates, was performed to analyze the between-subject differences across group [V = 0.143, F(2,60) = 5.020, p = 0.010, d = 0.209] and within-subject differences across interaction between group [V = 0.143, F(2,60) = 5.020, p = 0.010, d = 0.408]. There were significant differences from univariate data regarding both 8-iso (F1,61 = 10.081, P = 0.002, d = 0.406) and 8-OH-dG (F(1,61) = 5.965, P = 0.018, d = 0.312) levels. Moreover, results from both biomarkers in the RD group revealed significant improvements in 8-iso (p \u3c 0.001) and 8-OH-dG (p = 0.003), whereas there were no improvements in the CON group. In conclusion, RD decreased biomarkers of OS during 12 weeks of RD exercise in MCI. These results indicate that in MCI, RD could improve lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation by 8-iso and 8-OH-dG, respectively

Reactive species and DNA damage in chronic inflammation: Reconciling chemical mechanisms and biological fates

Chronic inflammation has long been recognized as a risk factor for many human cancers. One mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer involves the generation of nitric oxide, superoxide and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by macrophages and neutrophils that infiltrate sites of inflammation. Although pathologically high levels of these reactive species cause damage to biological molecules, including DNA, nitric oxide at lower levels plays important physiological roles in cell signaling and apoptosis. This raises the question of inflammation-induced imbalances in physiological and pathological pathways mediated by chemical mediators of inflammation. At pathological levels, the damage sustained by nucleic acids represents the full spectrum of chemistries and likely plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This suggests that DNA damage products could serve as biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically accessible compartments such as blood and urine. However, recent studies of the biotransformation of DNA damage products before excretion point to a weakness in our understanding of the biological fates of the DNA lesions and thus to a limitation in the use of DNA lesions as biomarkers. This review will address these and other issues surrounding inflammation-mediated DNA damage on the road to cancer.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (CA116318)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (CA103146)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (CA026731)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES016450)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES002109)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES017010)National Cancer Institute (U.S.)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (grant no. CHE-1019990)Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology (Westaway Fund

Screening for anti-pancreatic lipase properties of 28 traditional Thai medicinal herbs

AbstractObjectiveTo screen the effect of 28 medicinal plants on inhibition of pancreatic lipase and evaluate the phytochemical contents of extracts.MethodsThe ethanolic extracts of 28 traditional Thai herbal medicines were assayed for their in vitro activities against porcine pancreatic lipase using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate. Quantitative estimation of flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids was done.ResultsExtracts from four herbs, Memecylon edule Roxb., Garcinia vilersiana Pierre, Cryptolepis elegans Wall. and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl., at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, strongly inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase by 90.97%, 92.04%, 94.64% and 95.38%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between phenolic content and inhibition activity. Inhibition activity was significantly correlated with flavonoid and with alkaloid contents.ConclusionsFrom this result, it could be concluded that herbs represent a rich of anti-pancreatic lipase compounds, in particular, Cryptolepis elegans Wall. and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl. It is suggested that the phytochemical compounds from these plants may be applied for the prevention and treatment of obesity or hyperlipidemia

Health risk assessment associated with consumption of heavy metal-contaminated vegetables: A case study in the southern area of Northeast Thailand

This study aims to determine the amount of lead exposure and investigate the health hazards linked to the consumption of leafy vegetables contaminated with lead and cadmium. It focuses on a specific case study conducted in the southern region of Northeast Thailand. Five types of leafy vegetables, including Chinese kale, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and parsley, were collected from the Southern Northeast region of Thailand. The vegetable consumption of 3,831 individuals was calculated. The results showed that Chinese kale had the highest average lead contamination (0.009±0.015 mg/kg DW), followed by Chinese cabbage (0.005±0.01 mg/kg DW), cabbage (0.004±0.003 mg/kg DW), lettuce (0.003±0.003 mg/kg DW), and parsley (0.001±0.01 mg/kg DW), respectively. The evaluation results indicated that the margin of safety values for leafy vegetable consumption ranged between 4.49731E-05 and 0.04550, suggesting no major health risks. Based on geographical information, the lowest altitude was 95 m in the Warin Chamrap District of Ubon Ratchathani Province, while the highest was 450 m in the Pak Chong District of Chum Klat, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Therefore, people in the Southern Northeast region of Thailand should be encouraged to cultivate vegetables for their own consumption based on the season, and hydroponic systems should be utilized. It is important to assess and monitor the levels of heavy metals in the vegetables intended for consumptions and potential adverse effects on the environment and, consequently, human health. When choosing vegetables, it is advisable for consumers to exercise prudence and choose produce sourced from reputable cultivation facilities. Additionally, to prevent the accumulation of pollutants that could result in long-term health effects, it is prudent to vary their vegetable intake. The data obtained can be used in remediation techniques and to implement control measures for heavy metal contamination in vegetables

A method for in vivo evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition using Drosophila

The development of α-glucosidase inhibitors is essential for the prevention of type II diabetes. Previous research has investigated in vitro inhibition using isolated α-glucosidase, which may not accurately reflect physical processes. The method presented in this study aims to establish a rapid and inexpensive in vivo method to study the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity using Drosophila as a model organism. This method can be used to calculate the IC50 value of compounds of interest for inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. The method established in this study can be used for in vivo screening of anti-diabetic compounds. • A rapid and inexpensive in vivo method to study the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. • This method can be used to calculate the IC50 value of compounds of interest for inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. • This is a useful method for in vivo screening of anti-diabetic compounds

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation for Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Properties of <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> L. Kombucha

Cyperus rotundus L. exhibits promising potential for the development of functional foods due to its documented pharmacological and biological activities. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of C. rotundus kombucha. The results demonstrated potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 76.7 ± 9.6 µL/mL for the DPPH assay and 314.2 ± 16.9 µL/mL for the ABTS assay. Additionally, the kombucha demonstrated alpha-glucosidase inhibitory with an IC50 value of 142.7 ± 5.2 µL/mL. This in vitro antioxidant potential was further validated in vivo using Drosophila. Drosophila fed a high-sugar diet and supplemented with pure kombucha revealed significant increases in DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Drosophila on a high-sugar diet supplemented with varying kombucha concentrations manifested enhanced resistance to oxidative stresses induced by H2O2 and paraquat. Concurrently, there was a notable decline in lipid peroxidation levels. Additionally, significant upregulations in CAT, SOD1, and SOD2 activities were observed when the high-sugar diet was supplemented with kombucha. Furthermore, in vivo assessments using Drosophila demonstrated significant reductions in alpha-glucosidase activity when fed with kombucha (reduced by 34.04%, 13.79%, and 11.60% when treated with 100%, 40%, and 10% kombucha, respectively). A comprehensive GC-MS and HPLC analysis of C. rotundus kombucha detected the presence of antioxidative and anti-glucosidase compounds. In conclusion, C. rotundus kombucha exhibits considerable antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, demonstrating its potential as a beneficial beverage for health promotion