478 research outputs found
How to Recognize an Adult When You Meet One? : Adultness in the Novel Minoes and Its Film Adaptation
Children learn about the cultural meanings of age and aging from the people in their environment but also from the media. In an era in which the different life stages are understood as a continuum rather than separate categories, age socialization has probably become more complicated than ever before, making the role of the mediatorsâchildrenâs books and flms includedâespecially important. This article explores the mediation of aging in Minoes (1970), a childrenâs book by Annie M. G. Schmidtâthe most famous Dutch author of childrenâs booksâand compares its age ideology to that of the flm adaptation, which appeared in 2001. The comparison is set against the background of changes over the last ffty years in how aging is perceived within Western societies. Both in the book and in the flm, this analysis shows, the model of standard adulthood is under revision. Instead of representing a fxed age identity, adulthood is portrayed as being as much a process of becoming as childhood is, as it is characterized by inner growth and making individual choices. Although the similarities between book and flm are more striking than the differences, the flmâs adult protagonists are slightly more capable of making their own decisions than those in the book; this difference mirrors the ongoing shift towards a changing perception of adultness that had only just started when the book was published in 1970
How to Recognize an Adult When You Meet One?
Children learn about the cultural meanings of age and aging from the people in their environment but also from the media. In an era in which the different life stages are understood as a continuum rather than separate categories, age socialization has probably become more complicated than ever before, making the role of the mediatorsâchildrenâs books and flms includedâespecially important. This article explores the mediation of aging in Minoes (1970), a childrenâs book by Annie M. G. Schmidtâthe most famous Dutch author of childrenâs booksâand compares its age ideology to that of the flm adaptation, which appeared in 2001. The comparison is set against the background of changes over the last ffty years in how aging is perceived within Western societies. Both in the book and in the flm,
this analysis shows, the model of standard adulthood is under revision. Instead of representing a fxed age identity, adulthood is portrayed as being as much a process of becoming as childhood is, as it is characterized by inner growth and making individual choices. Although the similarities between book and flm are more striking than the differences, the flmâs adult protagonists are slightly more capable of making their own decisions than those in the book; this difference mirrors the ongoing shift towards a changing perception of adultness that had only just started when the book was published in 1970
Perspectief op het verleden Over jeugdliteratuur, volwassenenliteratuur en hun geschiedschrijving
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Metabolic Fate of [14C]Diuron and [14C]Linuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Radish (Raphanus sativus)
Metabolism of xenobiotics in plants usually occurs in three phases, phase I (primary metabolism), phase II (conjugation processes), and phase III (storage). The uptake and metabolism of [14C]diuron and [14C]linuron were investigated in wheat and radish. Seeds were sown in quartz sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution of either radioactive herbicide. Plants were harvested after two weeks, and metabolites were extracted and then analyzed by radio-reverse-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uptake of the two molecules was higher in radish compared to wheat. Translocation of parent compounds and related metabolites from roots to aerial plant parts was important, especially for radish. A large proportion of extractable residues were found in radish whereas nonextractable residues amounted to 30% in wheat, mainly associated with roots. Chemical structure of metabolites was thereafter identified by acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolyses followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). This study highlighted the presence of diuron and linuron metabolites conjugated to sugars in addition to N-demethylation and N-demethoxylation products
Relation between crust development and heterocyclic aromatic amine formation when air-roasting a meat cylinder
The meat crust that develops during cooking is desired by consumers for its organoleptic properties, but it is also where heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) are formed. Here we measured HAs formation during the development of a colored crust on the surface of a beef meat piece. HAs formation was lower in the crust than previously measured in meat slices subjected to the same air jet conditions. This difference is explained by a lower average temperature in the colored crust than in the meat slices. Temperature effects can also explain why colored crust failed to reproduce the plateauing and decrease in HAs content observed in meat slices. We observed a decrease in creatine content from the center of the meat piece to the crust area. In terms of the implications for practice, specific heating conditions can be found to maintain a roast beef meat aspect while dramatically reducing HAs content
Biotransformations of bisphenol A in a mammalian model: answers and new questions raised by low-dose metabolic fate studies in pregnant CD1 mice.
We investigated the metabolic fate of a low dose (25 micro g/kg) of bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propane] (BPA) injected subcutaneously in CD1 pregnant mice using a tritium-labeled molecule. Analytic methods were developed to allow a radio-chromatographic profiling of BPA residues in excreta and tissues, as well as in mothers' reproductive tracts and fetuses, that contained more than 4% of the administered radioactivity. BPA was extensively metabolized by CD1 mice. Identified metabolite structures included the glucuronic acid conjugate of BPA, several double conjugates, and conjugated methoxylated compounds, demonstrating the formation of potentially reactive intermediates. Fetal radioactivity was associated with unchanged BPA, BPA glucuronide, and a disaccharide conjugate. The latter structure, as well as that of a dehydrated glucuronide conjugate of BPA (a major metabolite isolated from the digestive tract), showed that BPA metabolic routes were far more complex than previously thought. The estrogenicity of the metabolites that were identified but not tested for hormonal activity cannot be ruled out; however, in general, conjugated BPA metabolites have significantly lower potency than that of the parent compound. Thus, these data suggest the parental compound is responsible for the estrogenic effects observed in fetuses exposed to BPA during gestation in this mammalian model
Retardateurs de flamme bromés (métabolites actifs et biomarqueurs d'exposition chez l'homme)
Les retardateurs de flamme bromĂ©s sont des agents ignifuges utilisĂ©s dans de nombreux produits manufacturĂ©s. Les plus courants sont les polybromodiphĂ©nyl Ă©ther (PBDE), le tĂ©trabromo-bisphĂ©nol A (TBBPA) et l'hexabromocyclododĂ©cane (HBCD). Ces composĂ©s considĂ©rĂ©s comme des polluants organiques persistants (POPs) sont dĂ©sormais retrouvĂ©s dans l'environnement et chez l'Homme, et sont suspectĂ©s, ainsi que leurs mĂ©tabolites, d'ĂȘtre des perturbateurs endocriniens. Des dĂ©veloppements analytiques basĂ©s sur la spectromĂ©trie de masse ont Ă©tĂ© engagĂ©s afin d'Ă©tudier le mĂ©tabolisme in vitro du TBBPA et des PBDE et rechercher les composĂ©s parents et leurs mĂ©tabolites dans diffĂ©rents prĂ©lĂšvements d'origine humaine. Les mĂ©tabolites formĂ©s chez l'Homme ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s comme Ă©tant des conjuguĂ©s pour le TBBPA, et des dĂ©rivĂ©s hydroxylĂ©s, dihydrodiol et conjuguĂ©s pour les PBDE. La plupart de ces mĂ©tabolites ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et quantifiĂ©s dans les fluides biologiques humains, dĂ©montrant ainsi l'exposition du foetus et du nouveau-nĂ© Ă ces composĂ©s, Ă des niveaux similaires Ă ceux retrouvĂ© dans d'autres pays. D'un point de vue qualitatif, la prĂ©sence de mĂ©tabolites potentiellement actifs sur des cibles cellulaires a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence, ainsi que le passage des rĂ©sidus vers le lait (TBBPA, HBCD) et/ou au travers de la barriĂšre placentaire (TBBPA et PBDE). Un mĂ©tabolite spĂ©cifique, prĂ©sent en importantes (octa-BDE hydroxylĂ©) pourrait ĂȘtre un bon biomarqueur d'exposition, et son potentiel toxique devrait par ailleurs ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©Brominated Flame Retardants are widely used for the manufacture of fire-proofed industrial products and consumer goods. Major BFRs are polybromodiphenyl ether (PBDE), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Considered as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), they are detected in various environmental compartments and human samples. Parent compounds as well as several metabolites could act as endocrine disruptors. Methodological developments based on mass spectrometry, in vitro approaches (TBBPA, PBDE) and an extensive review of the available literature have been used to sharpen our current knowledge of the fate of BFR, and to identify both parent compounds and metabolite in human samples. Results obtained in vitro using human primary hepatocyte cultures as well as human cell lines show that human cells biotransform TBBPA into conjugated metabolites and PBDE into hydroxylated, dihydrodiol and conjugated metabolites. Those metabolites were detected in human samples, demonstrating foetal and newborn exposition. BFR and some of their metabolites, including bioactive compounds, are transferred through the placental barrier (TBBPA, PBDE) and/or into milk (TBBPA, HBCD). Even though the monitored concentration levels were found to be low, one of these metabolites, namely (OH-octaBDE) was found to be abundant in almost all serum samples, and appears to be a relevant candidate biomarker of exposureTOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF
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