Accessibility, deprivation and rural planning policies.

Since the Second World War a range of policies have been implemented by central and local government agencies, with a view to improving accessibility to facilities, housing and employment opportunities within rural areas. It has been suggested that a lack of reasonable access to a range of such facilities and opportunities constitutes a key aspect of deprivation or disadvantage for rural residents. Despite considerable interest, very few attempts have been made to assess the nature and incidence of this disadvantage or the reaction of different sections of the population of rural areas to it. Moreover, almost all previous assessments have relied on so-called 'objective' measures of accessibility and disadvantage and failed to consider the relationship between such measures and 'subjective' measures such as individual perceptions. It is this gap in knowledge that the research described in this thesis has addressed. Following a critical review of relevant literature the thesis describes the way in which data on 'objective' and 'subjective' indicators of accessibility and behavioural responses to accessibility problems was collected, in six case study areas in Shropshire. Analysis of this data indicates that planning and other government policies have failed to significantly improve rural resident's accessibility to their basic requirements, and may in some cases have exacerbated it, and that as a result certain sections of the rural population are relatively disadvantaged. Moreover, analysis shows that .certain aspects of individual subjective' assessments of such accessibility disadvantage are significantly associated with more easily-obtained 'objective' measures. By using discriminant analysis the research demonstrates that it is possible to predict the likely levels of satisfaction with access to facilities from a range of 'objective' measures. The research concludes by highlighting the potential practical applications of such indicators in policy formulation, policy appraisal and policy evaluation

INVESTING IN WORK: WILKES AS AN EMPLOYMENT LAW CASE

This Article begins by introducing the doctrine of employment at-will and its contemporary operation, and applying the doctrine to the facts in Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc. The point of the exercise is making clear the impact of Wilkes from the standpoint of employment law. The Article next turns to scholarship examining the at-will rule as a default rule and the circumstances under which a default rule may become sticky. Against this background, the Article concludes by reexamining the holding in Wilkes along with subsequent developments in Massachusetts and other jurisdictions. These include the implications of buy-sell and comparable provisions in shareholder agreements. In the situations to which the Wilkes doctrine applies in Massachusetts and elsewhere, at-will is more likely to be a sticky default than in many other employment relationships. Several factors contribute to this conclusion, perhaps most strongly the imponderable (or un-pondered) question of how effective control over the corporation’s decision-making may shift in the future

INVESTING IN WORK: WILKES AS AN EMPLOYMENT LAW CASE

This Article begins by introducing the doctrine of employment at-will and its contemporary operation, and applying the doctrine to the facts in Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc. The point of the exercise is making clear the impact of Wilkes from the standpoint of employment law. The Article next turns to scholarship examining the at-will rule as a default rule and the circumstances under which a default rule may become sticky. Against this background, the Article concludes by reexamining the holding in Wilkes along with subsequent developments in Massachusetts and other jurisdictions. These include the implications of buy-sell and comparable provisions in shareholder agreements. In the situations to which the Wilkes doctrine applies in Massachusetts and elsewhere, at-will is more likely to be a sticky default than in many other employment relationships. Several factors contribute to this conclusion, perhaps most strongly the imponderable (or un-pondered) question of how effective control over the corporation’s decision-making may shift in the future

Assessing Moral Injury and its Clinical Associations in a UK Secure Care Population

© 2023 American Psychological Association. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000480Introduction: Moral Injury (MI) represents a type of trauma that can manifest after committing or witnessing transgressions which result in feelings of shame, guilt, and inner turmoil. Although originally conceived and researched in military settings, emerging research has focused on broader populations including health professionals, social workers, police, and prison staff. Few empirical studies have focused on service-user populations, especially those in forensic clinical settings despite the risk factors associated with these groups. Method: This cross-sectional study assessed the presence of MI along with its clinical associations among a UK forensic secure care sample (n=38). It used a series of brief psychometric tools including a modified Moral Injury Event Scale (MIES), International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL-20), State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Results: MI was endorsed by most participants (89.5%) with an overall moderate-to-high level rating (M=38.2). Other-transgressions (M=9.2) and betrayal (M=13.6) were relatively higher compared with self-transgressions (M=15.4) based on possible maximum sub-domain scores. The overall MI scores were associated with ratings of trauma (r=.550), guilt (r=.470), and poorer quality-of-life (r=-.341), though not shame or self-compassion (p>.05). Regression analyses revealed a moderate contribution of ITQ scores in MIES score variability. Discussion: MI scores were similar to or higher than other populations from across the literature demonstrating a high presence of potentially morally injurious events and related distress among the sample. The findings support the need for trauma-based assessments of moral emotional experiences within a forensic secure care context.Peer reviewe

Interview with Eli Rosenbaum

For transcript, click the Download button above. For video index, click the link below. Eli M. Rosenbaum (WG\u2777) served as director of the U.S. DOJ Office of Special Investigations, which was primarily responsible for identifying, denaturalizing, and deporting Nazi war criminals, from 1994 to 2010, when the office was merged into the new Human Rights and Special Prosecution Section. He is now the Director of Human Rights Enforcement Strategy and Policy in the new Department of Justice section. He is the primary author of Betrayal: The Untold Story of the Kurt Waldheim Investigation, which narrates the inquiry he led into Waldheim\u27s involvement in Nazi war crimes. In 1997 he was named an honorary fellow of Penn Law School

The FIRST-Optical-VLA Survey for Lensed Radio Lobes

We present results from a survey for gravitationally lensed radio lobes. Lensed lobes are a potentially richer source of information about galaxy mass distributions than lensed point sources, which have been the exclusive focus of other recent surveys. Our approach is to identify radio lobes in the FIRST catalog and then search optical catalogs for coincident foreground galaxies, which are candidate lensing galaxies. We then obtain higher-resolution images of these targets at both optical and radio wavelengths, and obtain optical spectra for the most promising candidates. We present maps of several radio lobes that are nearly coincident with galaxies. We have not found any new and unambiguous cases of gravitational lensing. One radio lobe in particular, FOV J0743+1553, has two hot spots that could be multiple images produced by a z=0.19 spiral galaxy, but the lensing interpretation is problematic.Comment: 38 pages, 18 figures, aastex, accepted to A

The efficacy, effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 disinfection methods (including ozone machines) in educational settings for children and young people

Several non-touch disinfectant methods including ozone, light-based technologies, and hydrogen peroxide are being considered to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission to children and young people in educational settings. Concerns have been raised about the evidence of efficacy, effectiveness and safety of these technologies in these settings. We aimed to address the following research questions: What is the evidence for the surface survival of SARS-CoV-2? What is the evidence for the efficacy (in vitro) and real-life effectiveness (in situ) of ozone machines, light-based technologies and hydrogen peroxide vapour as air or surface disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2? What are the potential health effects of ozone, in particular for children and young people and the benefits and harms of using ozone machines