Algunos aspectos de la influencia del árabe en la lengua española

Son numerosos los estudios e investigaciones que demuestran el hecho de que existe una importante influencia árabe en España, a nivel cultural y lingüístico. Los avances de los musulmanes de Al-Ándalus marcaron e influyeron sobre diversos dominios de la vida humana, hecho que hoy día se refleja en el habla de los hispanoparlantes. Este trabajo pretende dar una aproximación, en términos generales, al legado cultural y lingüístico que los árabes dejaron en Al-Ándalus tras el contacto y la larga convivencia con los cristianos, haciendo hincapié en los aspectos fonológico, morfológico, sintáctico y léxico, en el que se muestra una serie de listas de arabismos pertenecientes a diferentes campos semánticosSón nombrosos els estudis i investigacions que demostren el fet que hi ha una important influència àrab a Espanya, a nivell cultural i lingüístic. Els avenços dels musulmans de l'Àndalus van marcar i van influir sobre diversos dominis de la vida humana, fet que avui dia es reflecteix en la parla dels hispanoparlants. Aquest treball pretén donar una aproximació, en termes generals, al llegat cultural i lingüístic que els àrabs van deixar a l'Àndalus després del contacte i la llarga convivència amb els cristians, fent èmfasi en els aspectes fonològic, morfològic, sintàctic i lèxic, en el que es mostra un seguit de llistes d'arabismes pertanyents a diferents camps semànticsDes nombreuses études et recherches démontrent qu'il existe une forte influence arabe, au niveau culturel et linguistique, en Espagne. Les progrès des musulmans d'Al-Andalous ont marqué et ont influencé les différents domaines de la vie humaine, un fait qui se reflète aujourd'hui dans la manière de parler des hispanophones. Ce travail vise à approcher, en termes généraux, l'héritage culturel et linguistique que les arabes ont apportés dans Al -Andalous après le contact et la longue coexistence avec les chrétiens, en insistant sur les aspects de la phonologie, la morphologie, la syntaxe et le lexique. Par ailleurs, on présente une série des listes des arabismes qui appartiennent à différents champs sémantique

Characterisation of Actions of p-menthane-3,8 diol (PMD) Repellent Formulations against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Background Characterisation of mosquito repellents using arm-in-cage tests are performed by assessing the ED95, half-life and complete protection times (CPT). This study fully characterises p-menthane-3,8 diol PMD which has not been widely studied, and a long-acting formulation containing a PMD-vanillin composite. Method A series of arm in cage tests against Aedes aegypti aegypti (Dipera-Culicidae) strain mosquitoes were devised using 6 volunteers to estimate CPT or 10 to estimate the effective dose (ED95) and half-life for three repellents: 20% DEET, 30% PMD and a novel 30% PMD-vanillin formulation. Non-linear Regression analysis was used to characterise the relationship between applied dose and CPT. were also estimated Results PMD and DEET showed a very similar log dose relationship to CPT; however, the PMD-vanillin formulation exhibited a sigmoidal ‘S-shape’ relationship. This resulted in a 1.5 times higher CPT for PMD-vanillin compared to that of 20% DEET when applied at a dose of 1.6mg/cm2, but little difference at lower doses of 0.8-1mg/cm2. The ED95 value for the 30% PMD and PMD-vanillin formulations were 0.25 and 0.24 mg/cm2 respectively, these being higher than that for 20% DEET (0.09 mg/cm2). The half-lives for 30% PMD and 20% DEET were similar (2.23 vs. 2.74 hrs.), but longer for the PMD-vanillin formulations (3.8 hrs.). Conclusion Such a full characterisation for other repellent formulations, particularly those claiming extended longevity, should be conducted in order to identify differences at various applied doses

Microbiota variations in Culex nigripalpus disease vector mosquito of West Nile virus and Saint Louis Encephalitis from different geographic origins

Although mosquito microbiota are known to influence reproduction, nutrition, disease transmission, and pesticide resistance, the relationship between host-associated microbial community composition and geographical location is poorly understood. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we characterized microbiota associated with adult females of Culex nigripalpus mosquito vectors of Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile viruses sampled from three locations in Florida (Vero Beach, Palmetto Inland, and Palmetto Coast). High-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes demonstrated significant differences among microbial communities of mosquitoes sampled from the three locations. Mosquitoes from Vero Beach (east coast Florida) were dominated by uncultivated Asaia sp. (Alphaproteobacteria), whereas microbiota associated with mosquitoes collected from two mosquito populations at Palmetto (west coast Florida) sites were dominated by uncultured Spironema culicis (Spirochaetes), Salinisphaera hydrothermalis (Gammaproteobacteria), Spiroplasma (Mollicutes), uncultured Enterobacteriaceae, Candidatus Megaira (Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiae), and Zymobacter (Gammaproteobacteria). The variation in taxonomic profiles of Cx. nigripalpus gut microbial communities, especially with respect to dominating taxa, is a potentially critical factor in understanding disease transmission and mosquito susceptibility to insecticides among different mosquito populations

Insect Repellents: Modulators of Mosquito Odorant Receptor Activity

Background: DEET, 2-undecanone (2-U), IR3535 and Picaridin are widely used as insect repellents to prevent interactions between humans and many arthropods including mosquitoes. Their molecular action has only recently been studied, yielding seemingly contradictory theories including odorant-dependent inhibitory and odorant-independent excitatory activities on insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and odorant receptor proteins (ORs). Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we characterize the action of these repellents on two Aedes aegypti ORs, AaOR2 and AaOR8, individually co-expressed with the common co-receptor AaOR7 in Xenopus oocytes; these ORs are respectively activated by the odors indole (AaOR2) and (R)-(2)-1-octen3-ol (AaOR8), odorants used to locate oviposition sites and host animals. In the absence of odorants, DEET activates AaOR2 but not AaOR8, while 2-U activates AaOR8 but not AaOR2; IR3535 and Picaridin do not activate these ORs. In the presence of odors, DEET strongly inhibits AaOR8 but not AaOR2, while 2-U strongly inhibits AaOR2 but not AaOR8; IR3535 and Picaridin strongly inhibit both ORs. Conclusions/Significance: These data demonstrate that repellents can act as olfactory agonists or antagonists, thus modulating OR activity, bringing concordance to conflicting models

Impacto del covid en el tráfico de contenedores

El proyecto consiste en estudiar y analizar el impacto de las pandemias, que es el covid-19 y el impacto del covid-19 en el trafico marítimo de contenedores a nivel mundial, además se expondrán los cambios en el sector marítimo a nivel económico mundial, las afectaciones en el sector y sin dejar de lado la globalización, digitalización. promover acciones para resolver problemas de las organizaciones laborales de orientación para facilitar los cambios de tripulación y la repatriación de la gente de mar a las autoridades pertinentes

DEET microencapsulation: a slow-release formulation enhancing the residual efficacy of bed nets against malaria vectors.

Textile materials treated with synthetic repellents have the potential to provide protection against insect disease vectors but lack the residual activity necessary to achieve a prolonged effect or to be cost-effective. DEET MC is a formulation of DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide) in which the repellent is gradually released from a capsule that binds the repellent. An experiment carried out on DEET-treated mosquito netting showed that the formulation repels, inhibits blood-feeding and kills mosquitoes for a period of at least 6 months under laboratory conditions. Such formulations may have the potential for use on nets against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes or on clothing or bedding materials distributed in disasters, emergencies or refugee camp situations