Artistic Characteristics of Fresco from the Perspective of Time-Space Construction

The time-space construction characteristic of fresco embodies the human’s idea of reflecting infinite spiritual strength in finite individuals. The time-space of fresco includes not only the traditional three dimensions of space: length, width and height, but also the time factor, and the introduction of the latter renders a kind of multidimensional characteristic for the time-space of fresco. The fresco composition is featured in multiple centers, rendering macroscopic, grand and grandiose sense of fresco. The visual perception and psychological feelings given to the people by the fresco widely differ from those of ordinary easel paintings. The time-space construction of fresco can be divided into three main classes: realistic and logical construction; super-realistic and non-logical construction; interactional construction of fresco in harmony with the environment. The time-space of fresco sources from the spiritual time-space created by artists

Look Into the Logicality of Changes of Chinese Ink From Evolution of the Function of Chinese Painting

Upon the birth of painting, it was not a kind of independent art. Along with the historical development, the painting evolves from dependency to self-consciousness and independency, and such independent sources on the evolution of the function of painting, namely, developing from the cognitive function and supplementary function to the function of spiritual manifestation. If viewed from the angle of function, the function of painting has gone through the following process: Record appearance-vivid expression-artistic conception-freehand brushwork. As a whole, it is a transitional process from the depiction of object to expression of subject’s feelings and disposition. While for the development of ink and stroke, it also has gone through a process: apply the stroke (ink) according to the actual state of the object, and gradually develop to apply the stroke (ink) in accordance with the need of feelings of the creator, i.e. narrate objects-imitate image-describe inner world of men-freehand brushwork. The changes of Chinese ink involve many elements, one of which is in analyze changes of Chinese ink from evolution of the function of Chinese painting

On Order Performances of Sketch

Researching order performances of sketch refer to research sculpt rules and the rules of the style aesthetics. Different order performances reflect the different thinking methods of artists and aesthetic standards of different eras. The order performances can be divided into three kinds that are realistic performances of sketch, reconstructive performances of sketch and abstractive performances of sketch

Forces, connections and imagination at work in studying overseas : Chinese parents and students' reasons for choosing Australian universities

The purpose of this thesis is to report on the identification of selected forces, connections and imagination influencing Chinese students to study in Australia. Previous research has investigated the ranges of drives generating the burgeoning number of students from the People’s Republic of China seeking to complete their tertiary education overseas. However, little research addresses the role of parents in decision making when they study the question of “Why choose Australia?” This research is based on a study using a focus group in Sydney in 2014 (n = 21), Internet questionnaires in Beijing and Lianyungang (n = 635) and follow-up telephone email interviews in Beijing, Shanghai, Lianyungang and Sydney (n = 12). The participants in this study were all students from the People’s Republic of China, mainly the children from High Net Wealth Income families. The analyses of the evidence from the focus group interviews produced five themes, namely; quality of education, cost, lifestyle, environment and labour migration opportunities. These themes were further investigated by the Internet questionnaire and refined in follow-up interviews with parents and students after the data had been analysed. In addition, evidence regarding these themes was collected through media and government reports regarding corruption in China and Australia. The findings from this research revealed four insights unrecognised by previous research into the main research question: 1. It is the parents who in many cases decide the host country destination and choice of university. 2. Interviewing students may not uncover the motives that influenced the parents’ decisions. 3. Overseas education per se is a prime driver of choice, rather than quality of education. 4. Corruption, especially money laundering, and transcultural immigration are the main motives driving many families’ choices of university in Australia. This thesis has changed directions many times throughout the investigation. It brings a fresh perspective on the forces, connections and imaginations influencing students to study in Australia, but at the same time it has raised questions that it was not able to completely answer

Friction Surface Treatment Selection: Aggregate Properties, Surface Characteristics, Alternative Treatments, and Safety Effects

This study aimed to evaluate the long term performance of the selected surface friction treatments, including high friction surface treatment (HFST) using calcined bauxite and steel slag, and conventional friction surfacing, in particular pavement preservation treatments such as chip seal, microsurfacing, ultrathin bonded wearing course (UBWC), and diamond grinding. This study also attempted to determine the correlation between vehicle crash and pavement surface friction, which makes it possible to quantitatively establish the so-called crash modification factors (CMFs) that are extremely useful in selecting a cost-effective solution to reduce wet pavement vehicle crashes. In-depth reviews were conducted to identify the aspects of the properties for aggregates used in HFST, including aggregate abrasion value (AAV), Los Angeles abrasion (LAA), Micro-Deval abrasion, and polished stone value (PSV). Extensive laboratory testing was conducted to examine the LAA, Micro-Deval abrasion, and PSV, and to provide first-hand data on the calcined bauxite and steel slag that may be used for HFST and friction surfacing in Indiana. Laboratory accelerating polishing was carried out to evaluate the effect of aggregate gradation and identify the HFST systems with satisfactory friction performance with respect to surface macro-texture and friction. Test strips were installed in the pavement on a real-world road to further evaluate the friction performances of the promising HFST systems under the true traffic polishing and assess the potential effect of winter and snow plough. Pull-off testing was also conducted to examine the bonding between the proposed HFST systems and the substrate surface. Field friction test data was utilized to evaluate the long-term friction performances of pavement preservation treatments, including chip seal, microsurfacing, UBWC, and diamond grinding. Statewide vehicle crash data between 2010 and 2014 was examined to determine the crash statistics associated with pavement friction. The crash data was also matched to the annual pavement inventory friction data to quantify the probabilistic association between vehicle crash and pavement friction with respect to interstate, US, and state highways, respectively. Specification requirements were established for the properties of calcined bauxite and steel slag for HFST and friction surfacing with respect to LAA, Micro-Deval abrasion, PSV, Al2O3 content, and fine aggregate angularity (FAA). Specification requirements were also developed for HFST aggregate gradation and surface friction performance. Regression models were developed for predicting the friction numbers of chip seal, microsurfacing, UBWC, and diamond grinding over their service lives. Regression models were also provided to quantify the effectiveness of friction surfacing for interstate, US, and state highways, respectively

Anthocyanins in Red Wine: Origin, Coloration and Reactions

Anthocyanins are important compounds contributing to the color of red wine, which play a crucial role in the quality of red wine. Anthocyanins are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway during the growth of wine grapes. In red wine, there is an equilibrium among anthocyanin species, and the color of red wine is closely related to the diverse structure and morphology of anthocyanins. However, anthocyanins are not stable and could be degraded through a series of reactions including oxidation. From a winemaking perspective, anthocyanins are extracted from grape skin into the wine by maceration, and anthocyanin concentrations and color of red wine vary with changes in fermentation conditions and the composition of red wine during fermentation. During wine aging, anthocyanins can react with other components to form new anthocyanin derivatives. The evolution of anthocyanins and these derivatives can lead to constant changes in red wine color during wine fermentation, aging and storage. So far, few systematic reviews have been carried out on the origin, coloration mechanism and reactions of anthocyanins in red wine, and their evolution during the production of red wine. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this lacuna in order to provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of anthocyanins in red wine

Crystallization Control of N,N′-Dioctyl Perylene Diimide by Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing poly(3-Hexylthiophene) and Polyethylene Glycol

The preparation of micron- to nanometer-sized functional materials with well-defined shapes and packing is a key process to their applications. There are many ways to control the crystal growth of organic semiconductors. Adding polymer additives has been proven a robust strategy to optimize semiconductor crystal structure and the corresponding optoelectronic properties. We have found that poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) can effectively regulate the crystallization behavior of N,N′-dioctyl perylene diimide (C8PDI). In this study, we combined P3HT and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to amphiphilic block copolymers and studied the crystallization modification effect of these block copolymers. It is found that the crystallization modification effect of the block copolymers is retained and gradually enhanced with P3HT content. The length of C8PDI crystals were well controlled from 2 to 0.4 μm, and the width from 210 to 35 nm. On the other hand, due to the water solubility of PEG block, crystalline PEG-b-P3HT/C8PDI micelles in water were successfully prepared, and this water phase colloid could be stable for more than 2 weeks, which provides a new way to prepare pollution-free aqueous organic semiconductor inks for printing electronic devices