Spatio-temporal variation of early wood vessel features of Quercus robur L. along a climatic gradient in the northwestern iberian peninsula

Comunicación presentada en Rovaniemi (Finlandia) los días 13-18 de junio de 2010.Common European oak (Quercus robur L.) reaches its southwestern distribution limit in Europe close to the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula, where the transition to Mediterranean vegetation results in a progressive substitution of this species as xeric conditions increase. For this reason, xylem adaptations to drought conditions are relevant for the survival of these oaks, while their analysis by means of dendrochronological techniques can be useful to study their behavior in changing environments. For this work, we selected a network of 12 sites distributed all along Galicia (NW Spain), trying to characterize the transition to the Mediterranean climate within the region. Earlywood vessels were measured for 10 trees per site for a common period of 20 years, and combined into several growth variables combining vessel size and numbers (mean and maximum vessel area, number of vessels, total conductive area and conductivity), also considering the position within the ring. We used these data to build chronologies for each growth variable and site, which were compared by multivariate techniques. The results showed that vessel characteristics varied among sites according to the prevailing conditions along the gradient. Similarly, the comparison of time series provided a more detailed picture of the influence of climate on the adaptations of xylem anatomy. In summary, this works constitutes one of the first attempts to apply quantitative tree- ring anatomy to a network of site chronologies, and can be of relevance to the study of global chang

Seabird colonies as the main source of nutrients for the coastal ecosystems in the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park (NW Spain)

Seabirds form large colonies during the reproductive period, producing substantial changes in coastal ecosystems. The present study quantifies the amount of N and P deposited in colonies of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) in the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park (AINP). Based on the composition of droppings, the amount of total N (TN), total P (TP) and bioavailable P (Pbio) deposited directly on the area occupied by the colony was determined. In addition, the amount of NH3 released into the atmosphere was also estimated by applying a bioenergetic model. The results indicated that 5.35 t total N, 3.35 t total P and 1.24 t bioavailable P are deposited in the colony annually. The archipelagos that received the greatest amount of nutrients were the Cíes Islands (2.37 t TN y−1, 1.48 t TP y−1, 0.55 t Pbio y−1), Sálvora (1.94 t TN y−1, 1.22 t TP y−1, 0.55 t Pbio y−1) and Ons (1.04 t TN y−1, 0.65 TP y−1, 0.24 t Pbio y−1). Rainwater from the colonies showed higher values of nutrients than in the control plot, possibly also due to gull influence. Therefore, the yellow-legged gull colony seems to be the most important source of nutrients at a local level, exerting a clear influence on the N and P cycles in this National Park. Another aspect worth taking into consideration is that increased N and P bioavailability may have a negative effect on the conservation of rare or threatened habitats and species by promoting the expansion of non-native ruderal speciesS

The Rapid Effects of Yellow-Legged Gull (Larus michahellis) Colony on Dune Habitats and Plant Landscape in the Atlantic Islands National Park (NW Spain)

[Abstract] The Atlantic Islands of Galicia Maritime/Terrestrial National Park hosts one of the largest breeding colonies of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) in the world. In 2002, a new yellow-legged gull breeding colony was established on the Punta Muxieiro dune complex, which also harbors rare and threatened plant species and habitat types of community interest according to Directive 92/43/EEC. This study assesses the effect of this colony on two habitats of community interest: white dunes and grey dunes. For this purpose, plant cover and soil properties, composition, and nutrient content were monitored in plots with different gull densities. Moreover, historic aerial images were compiled to observe changes in the plant landscape of the dune system. The results showed that, despite the recentness of the occupation of the dune system by yellow-legged gull species, significant changes in acidic–alkaline processes and nutrient availability were already observed in soils. Soils in plots with higher gull density showed more acidic pH values and a higher content of the most labile N and P fractions. Moreover, a decrease in plant cover and number of species was also demonstrated in plots with higher gull densities. Finally, the presence of ruderal and alien species such as Urtica membranacea and Parietaria judaica was also observed.This study has been funded by the BBVA Foundation and CRETUS. Thanks are due to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for the FPU grant to S. De la Peña-Lastr

Notes on three taxa of the province of Lugo (Galicia, NW Spain)

Se presentan tres taxones de flora vascular gallega recolectados en la provincia de Lugo, entre los que se encuentran 2 novedades regionales [Ophioglossum azoricum K. Presl, Viola suavis M. Bieb. subsp. catalonica (W. Becker) O. Bolòs & Vigo]. Además, se incluye una revisión sobre la distribución del pteridófito Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. en territorio gallego. Los pliegos testigo se hallan depositados en los Herbarios LUGO y SANT de la Univesidade de Santiago de Compostela.In this note, information on three taxa of galician vascular flora is presented, all of them collected in the province of Lugo. Two of them were collected for the first time in Galicia [Ophioglossum azoricum K. Presl, Viola suavis M. Bieb. subsp. catalonica (W. Becker) O. Bolòs & Vigo)]. In addition, a revision about the distribution of Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. in Galicia is also included. All the cited specimens are deposited at the LUGO and SANT Herbaria

Efecto de la colonia de gaviota patiamarilla sobre los suelos de dos hábitats de interés comunitario en el Parque Nacional de las Calanques (SE Francia)

International audienceThe seabirds exert a strong pressure on the vegetation where they locate their colonies, arriving to cause the disappearance of sensitive species. In the National Park of the Calanques is an important colony of yellow-legged gull and communities and plant species of high environmental interest. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the colonies of this seagull on the properties of the soil in a Mediterranean climate. To do this, different subcolonies located in habitats of community interest were selected. The samples were collected after the reproductive period, determining the total content and bioavailable forms of N and P. The results show a marked enrichment of these two macronutrients in all their forms in the soils of the colony with respect to the control plot. These results are in accordance with the idea that seabirds are powerful modulators of edaphic conditions in coastal areas, exerting a strong influence on the biogeochemical cycle of N and P. Consequently, the colonization of new spaces or the change of the population could cause a substantial change in plant communities and even cause the disappearance of species with some level of protection.Las aves marinas ejercen una fuerte presión sobre la vegetacion allí en donde ubican sus colonias, llegando a causar la desaparición de especies sensibles. En el Parque Nacional de las Calanques se encuentra una importante colonia de gaviota patiamarilla y comunidades y especies vegetales de elevado interés ambiental. Este trabajo pretende evaluar la influencia de las colonias de esta gaviota sobre las propiedades del suelo en un clima mediterráneo. Para ello, se seleccionaron diferentes subcolonias ubicadas en hábitats de interés comunitario. Las muestras fueron recogidas después del período reproductivo, determinándose el contenido total y formas biodisponibles de N y P. Los resultados muestran un marcado enriquecimiento de estos dos macronutrientes en todas sus formas en los suelos de la colonia con respecto a la parcela control. Estos resultados están de acuerdo con la idea de que las aves marinas son potentes moduladores de las condiciones edáficas de las zonas costeras, ejerciendo una fuerte influencia sobre el ciclo biogeoquímico del N y P. Por consiguiente, la colonización de nuevos espacios o el cambio de la población pudieran provocar un cambio sustancial de las comunidades vegetales e incluso llegar a causar la desaparición de especies con algún nivel de protección. Palabras clave: Gaviota patiamarilla, N, P, suelos calizos, Parque Nacional de las Calanques

Soil and Foliar Zinc Biofortification of Triticale (x <i>Triticosecale</i>) under Mediterranean Conditions: Effects on Forage Yield and Quality

Zinc (Zn) deficiency represents a significant global concern, affecting both plant and human health, particularly in regions with Zn-depleted soils. Agronomic biofortification strategies, such as the application of Zn fertilizers, offer a cost-effective approach to increase Zn levels in crops. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of soil and foliar Zn biofortification, applied as an aqueous solution of 0.5% zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O), on triticale (x Triticosecale) grown under Mediterranean conditions. The study was conducted over two growing seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19) in southern Spain, evaluating the effects on biomass yield; forage quality, including crude protein, Van Soest detergent fiber, organic matter digestibility, and relative forage value; and nutrient accumulation. Soil treatment consisted in the application of 50 kg of ZnSO4·7H2O ha−1 solely at the beginning of the first campaign to assess the residual effect on the second year. In contrast, the foliar treatment consisted of two applications of 4 kg of ZnSO4·7H2O ha−1 per campaign, one at the beginning of tillering and the other at the appearance of the first node. The foliar application increased the Zn content of the forage to adequate levels, while the soil application resulted in a 33% increase in biomass production, which is particularly beneficial for farmers. Overall quality was favored by the combined soil + foliar application, and no adverse antagonistic effects on other nutrients were detected. Instead, a synergistic interaction between Se and Zn was observed, which improved the efficacy of this important micronutrient for livestock and human wellbeing

Experimentación de ciclos de mejora en el aula. Docencia en la Universidad de Extremadura 2023

Desde todos los organismos internacionales implicados se viene reclamando desde hace tiempo la necesidad de un cambio en la enseñanza universitaria, desde un enfoque centrado en la materia y el docente, hacia otro centrado en el aprendizaje activo del estudiante (Unesco, 2009). En coherencia con esto, la Universidad de Extremadura, a través del Servicio de Formación y Orientación Docente (SOFD), viene proponiendo un abanico de actividades formativas para impulsar este cambio didáctico en su profesorado. En este contexto se nos propuso la puesta en marcha de un Curso Práctico de Docencia Universitaria (CPDU) que ayudara a los participantes a centrar la enseñanza en el aprendizaje del estudiante, y haciéndolo protagonista de la construcción de su propio conocimiento (Coloma, 1999). Para ello y, confiando en los nueve años de experiencia del Programa FIDOP en la Universidad de Sevilla y en otras universidades españolas y latinoamericanas, dio comienzo la acción formativa financiada por el SOFD en los centros de Cáceres y Badajoz, a través de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula que ha dado lugar a este libro sobre los CIMA experimentados por algunos de los participantes. Durante el CPDU se han tomado como referencia las bases y principios del programa FIDOP (Martín del Pozo et al., 2017) y la estrategia de CIMA, incluyendo en su desarrollo una profunda reflexión sobre los contenidos y sus relaciones por parte de los docentes participantes, destacando aquellos más organizadores; formulando problemas, proyectos y/o casos que supongan retos en el aprendizaje y den sentido al trabajo de los estudiantes; diseñando actividades de aprendizaje basadas en la resolución de dichos problemas y contrastando con informaciones, evidencias y argumentos que favorezcan la evolución y crecimiento de sus ideas, siempre bajo la orientación del docente. Asimismo, se ha abordado la evaluación como parte de la formación y del proceso del aprendizaje. Todo ello, favoreciendo los cambios con un aprendizaje cooperativo y promoviendo la inteligencia colectiva y el apoyo mutuo. Al mismo tiempo, se ha funcionado como en un seminario colectivo, siguiendo en él la misma metodología que se propone para trabajar con los estudiantes; es decir, se ha partido de las ideas y experiencias previas de los participantes en relación con su enseñanza y se han diseñado, aplicado y evaluado mejoras concretas en el aula. En definitiva, los docentes participantes han buscado como objetivo final la mejora de su enseñanza y, por tanto, del aprendizaje de sus estudiantes.All the international organisations involved have been calling for a long time for a change in university teaching, from an approach centred on the subject and the teacher to one centred on active student learning (Unesco, 2009). In line with this, the University of Extremadura, through the Teaching Training and Guidance Service (SOFD), has been proposing a range of training activities to promote this didactic change in its teaching staff. In this context, it was proposed that we set up a Practical Course on University Teaching (CPDU) to help participants to focus teaching on student learning, making them the protagonists in the construction of their own knowledge (Coloma, 1999). To this end, and relying on the nine years of experience of the FIDOP Programme at the University of Seville and other Spanish and Latin American universities, the training action financed by the SOFD began in the centres of Cáceres and Badajoz, through a Cycle of Improvement in the Classroom that has given rise to this book on the CIMAs experienced by some of the participants. During the CPDU, the bases and principles of the FIDOP programme (Martín del Pozo et al., 2017) and the CIMA strategy have been taken as a reference, including in its development a deep reflection on the contents and their relationships by the participating teachers, highlighting the most organising ones; formulating problems, projects and/or cases that pose challenges in learning and give meaning to the students' work; designing learning activities based on the resolution of these problems and contrasting them with information, evidence and arguments that favour the evolution and growth of their ideas, always under the guidance of the teacher. Assessment has also been addressed as part of the training and learning process. All of this, favouring changes with cooperative learning and promoting collective intelligence and mutual support. At the same time, it has functioned as a collective seminar, following the same methodology proposed for working with students; that is to say, it has been based on the ideas and previous experiences of the participants in relation to their teaching and concrete improvements have been designed, applied and evaluated in the classroom. In short, the final aim of the participating teachers was to improve their teaching and, therefore, their students' learning

Fungal Planet description sheets : 1383–1435

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands, Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa, Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum laurisilvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa, Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes