10 research outputs found

    Homogeneity of Interspecific Hybrids Between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum by Phenotypic and Transcriptional Analysis

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    Oenological traits, such as temperature profile and production of certain metabolites, were tested for four interspecifc hybrids obtained by"spore to spore" crossing between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum strains and uniformity of their inheritance was found. PCR/RFLP analysis of ITS regions was carried out to confirm the hybrid nature of the strains. They showed an additive profile with five bands of the respective 325, 230, 170 and 125 bp. Finally gene expression study was performed by comparative DNA macroarray analysis of the hybrids and the preliminary results showed that the global gene expression patterns of hybrids are remarkably similar to one another. In conclusion, the data obtained by two different approaches, such as metabolic and transcriptomic strategies, suggest a large degree of homogeneity among interspecific hybrids between S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum. Moreover, the uniformity of F1 hybrids advises that the oenological trait inheritance mechanism is highly constant and reproducible

    I microrganismi dell'aceto balsamico

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    Il processo di produzione dell\u2019aceto balsamico tradizionale prevede quattro fasi distinte: cottura del mosto, fermentazione alcolica, fermentazione acetica ed invecchiamento. Ognuna di queste fasi va gestita attentamente sulla base di fattori sia di tipo chimico-fisico che microbiologico. Data la scalarit\ue0 delle fasi, le anomalie presenti a monte del processo si ripercuotono sul prodotto finale. Ad esempio, le fermentazioni spontanee sono tra le principali cause di variabilit\ue0 e di insuccesso ed \ue8 per tal motivo che occorre un accurato monitoraggio della batteria che possa preventivamente correggere eventuali irregolarit\ue0 nel sistema. In particolare, i parametri da monitorare durante la gestione della batteria sono: l\u2019acidit\ue0 titolabile, la concentrazione alcolica, il pH, la temperatura e l\u2019ossigeno. L\u2019impiego di colture starter di lieviti e batteri acetici selezionate sulla base dei caratteri desiderabili pu\uf2 essere utile per la standardizzazione del processo e per l\u2019ottenimento di un prodotto che presenti le propriet\ue0 chimico-organolettiche richieste. L\u2019et\ue0 dell\u2019aceto balsamico tradizionale \ue8 difficile da definire e da calcolare per il particolare modo di produzione: aliquote di aceto sono trasferite annualmente da un barile all\u2019altro. La conduzione delle batterie rende difficoltoso il calcolo dell\u2019et\ue0, tuttavia in questo lavoro abbiamo sviluppato un modello algebrico per il calcolo dell\u2019et\ue0. In particolare abbiamo definito i limiti di et\ue0 teoricamente raggiungibili in ogni barile della batteria

    Improved wine yeasts by direct mating and selection under stressful fermentative conditions

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    Hybridization of yeasts allows whole-genome modifications that can be exploited to obtain global improvements in industrial traits, such as those involved in the winemaking industry. In our work we applied direct mating to achieve the construction of hybrids and we subsequently applied these hybrids in fermentation trials under stressful conditions, in order to select hybrid strains with improved technological traits. Five hybrids, obtained from six parental strains by direct spore conjugation, were validated through PCR amplification of highly variable minisatellite-containing genes; the validation phase also revealed three meiotic derivative strains, characterized by contracted number of repeats. Analysis of the mating-type locus in the homozygous spore progeny of parental strains provided useful insights into the understanding of hybridization yields and unveiled some irregularities in yeast autodiploidization mechanism. The fermentative trials were followed by chemical analysis; afterwards principal component analysis allowed the metabolic footprinting of wine yeasts and the selection of the two best industrial candidates, which display superior phenotypes in fermentative fitness and secondary metabolite production, respectively

    High-glutathione producing yeasts obtained by genetic improvement strategies: a focus on adaptive evolution approaches for novel wine strains

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